SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper examines peat-based fuel-fluxing materials developed at Tomsk Polytechnic Institute as a possible blast-furnace burden for pig-iron production using West Siberian peat and iron-ore resources. The authors describe trials in a laboratory blast furnace equipped to condense volatile pyrolysis…
This paper examines whether chemical interaction between the humic component of peat and iron oxides contributes to the strengthening of peat-based fuel-smelting materials containing finely dispersed iron ore. Using electrokinetic potential measurements, group chemical analysis, and infrared spectra…
This paper addresses the estimation of kinetic parameters for the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon monoxide and water vapor, focusing on rate constants, reaction orders, and apparent activation energy. The authors derive a simplified kinetic equation expressed through degrees of conversion…
This study examines how heating temperature affects the formation of pyrobitumens in several peat samples from Tomsk oblast, motivated by the role of plastic thermal decomposition products in peat thermobriquetting. Air-dry, finely ground peat samples of differing type and degree of decomposition we…
This study examines how briquetting pressure, holding time under pressure, and peat particle size affect the strength of peat thermal briquettes during slow heating. Experiments on peats from the Vasyugan massif with different degrees of decomposition show that briquette strength rises sharply with …
This study examines the yield and composition of products formed by synthesis from carbon monoxide and water vapor over cobalt, thorium and iron, copper catalysts at atmospheric pressure in a fixed bed flow system. The authors compare catalyst performance under varying temperatures, space velocities…
Laboratory experiments examined how organic additives affect frictional hydraulic resistance and heat transfer in turbulent liquid flow through an electrically heated tube. Distilled water solutions containing polymers or alcohols were circulated at Reynolds numbers of approximately 10000 to 30000, …
The study examines structural differences between copper(II) and copper(I) thiocyanates and the changes accompanying the spontaneous reduction of copper(II) thiocyanate to copper(I) thiocyanate. Copper thiocyanate samples were prepared chemically and analyzed mainly by infrared spectroscopy, with el…
This paper addresses the removal of dissolved organic pollutants from industrial wastewater, focusing on wastes from Tomsk enterprises containing solvents, oils, resins, and related substances. It argues that activated carbon sorption is costly and inefficient without prior removal of suspended matt…
This study examines the settling separation of iron hydroxide precipitates formed during water treatment with iron coagulants. Laboratory experiments measured clarification rates in 500 ml cylinders for suspensions of varying hydroxide concentration, and for a 0.8% suspension aged for different peri…
This paper develops a kinetic treatment of intermetallic compound formation and dissociation in mercury using the APN method with a linearly varying potential. The authors derive an expression for the anodic voltammetric curve for electro-dissolution from a spherical mercury electrode when dissoluti…
This study examines the electrochemical behavior of rhodium(III) on a graphite electrode to assess the applicability of film polarography with accumulation for determining trace amounts of rhodium. Using potassium chloride supporting electrolyte, added mercury(II) ions, nitrogen deaeration, and pola…
This study examines the feasibility of determining iridium(IV) in solution by stripping polarography over concentrations from 10^-3 to 10^-7 mol/l. Using a graphite electrode and hydrochloric acid supporting electrolyte, the authors investigated conditions affecting anodic peak shape, reproducibilit…
The Li-Cd-Hg system was investigated by amalgam polarography with accumulation to determine whether lithium and cadmium form a sparingly soluble intermetallic compound in mercury. Experiments used a mercury film electrode in dimethylformamide with tetraethylammonium iodide background electrolyte, in…
This paper describes an amalgam polarographic method with accumulation for determining trace lead and copper directly in gasoline fractions, aiming to reduce analysis time and avoid sample mineralization. The authors evaluate benzene, 80 percent ethanol mixtures containing ammonium chloride as suppo…
This paper develops an extraction, amalgam, polarographic procedure for determining trace tin and cadmium in high-purity iron after separation from the iron matrix as iodide complexes extracted into diethyl ether. The authors examine the conductivity of ether, ethanol background mixtures and optimiz…
This paper derives mathematical relations describing how the height of a reversible anodic peak at a stationary mercury drop electrode depends on temperature in amalgam polarography with accumulation. The treatment accounts for potential sweep rate, electrode dimensions, diffusion activation energie…
This study examines the extraction of copper from aqueous solutions into benzene as copper oxinate, using experimental design to evaluate the effects of extraction time, solution pH, and oxine concentration. A first factorial series identified the oxine concentration as the dominant factor and locat…
This study develops an amalgam polarographic method for determining trace thallium in high-purity cadmium. Various supporting electrolytes, electrode materials, accumulation conditions, and approaches to suppressing cadmium interference were examined, with 1 M KOH giving the best separation of thall…
This study examines how water, ethanol solvent composition and temperature affect the anodic stripping voltammetric peak of lead at a stationary mercury drop electrode. Using aqueous ethanol mixtures from 20 to 96 percent ethanol with ammonium nitrate as supporting electrolyte, the authors measured …
This paper investigates the amalgam polarographic behavior of manganese at a mercury film electrode and evaluates conditions for its determination in high-purity nitric acid and selected salts. Anodic peak characteristics were measured in several supporting electrolytes, and linear dependence of pea…
This paper examines the mechanism by which a new liquid phase forms on solid electrodes, addressing the unresolved question of whether phase formation proceeds through nuclei or monolayer growth. Using polarographic measurements during electrolysis of divalent mercury in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, the…
This study develops an amalgam polarographic method with accumulation for analyzing small samples of germanium monoxide films and related oxide mixtures used in deposited electronic materials. Selective dissolution in water, hot sulfuric acid, and an ammonia, hydrogen peroxide mixture was used to es…
This paper examines the use of high-voltage electric pulse discharges to prepare collective sulfide polymetallic ore concentrates for selective flotation. The authors argue that discharge-induced ionization and oxidation alter xanthate collectors, heavy-metal xanthates, dissolved gases, and sulfide …
A method is described for the indirect determination of beta-naphthol in water using amalgam polarography with accumulation. The approach is based on the observed suppression of the anodic cadmium dissolution peak after beta-naphthol is introduced, with measurements made by comparing cadmium peak he…
This paper examines how the diffuse double-layer potential affects the anodic peak potential in irreversible electrode processes, particularly in amalgam stripping polarography with accumulation. The authors derive a relation connecting the peak-potential shift with the double-layer potential and pr…
This paper examines the use of electric fields to intensify heat transfer in laminar air flow, a regime that can require large heat exchange surfaces in industrial equipment. Experiments were conducted in a vertical tube-in-tube heat exchanger with electrodes placed in the annular air passage, measu…
An amalgam polarographic procedure is developed for determining trace zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper in high purity mercury, where direct analysis is hindered by the mercury matrix. The authors compare electrochemical separation of mercury with removal by conversion to mercury chloride and sublimat…
The paper addresses the problem of selecting a rational complex of technical means for automated control systems, arguing that equipment choices should be optimized as part of an integrated system rather than made separately for individual processing stages. It formulates the selection task in terms…
The paper addresses data organization for an automated control system of a power system, emphasizing the need to integrate communication channels, processing algorithms, software, and technical facilities into a single information system. It argues that dynamic memory should be structured around the…
The paper addresses the formation and optimization of organizational management structures in enterprises implementing automated control systems, where computerization redistributes rather than simply eliminates managerial labor. It proposes a systems approach that represents the functional manageme…
This article examines how technological progress and moral obsolescence should influence the economically rational service life of machines and equipment. It argues that conventional renewal and depreciation indicators measure conformity with existing norms rather than whether those norms match actu…
The paper addresses the rationalization of organizational control systems as a prerequisite for introducing advanced management methods and technical means. It argues for constructing a set of interrelated models that describe system structure, decision procedures, document flows, algorithms, and sc…
This paper examines how to optimize the economic effect of introducing fundamentally new technology, using betatrons for radiation defectoscopy as a case study. It contrasts an iterative approach, in which separate technical and economic problems are solved sequentially and may produce uncoordinated…
The paper develops methodological principles for evaluating the economic efficiency of radiation defectoscopy, particularly inspection methods using accelerators, in industrial quality control. It distinguishes between selecting the least costly interchangeable inspection method and assessing whethe…
The paper proposes a framework for the comprehensive analysis and synthesis of organizational management systems, motivated by the difficulty of improving complex management structures without an integrated methodology. Drawing on systems and goal-oriented approaches, management theory, planning met…
This article examines shortcomings in managerial work within Soviet geological organizations, focusing on the allocation of duties, rights, and responsibility across hierarchical levels and within administrative staffs. Using observations and examples from territorial geological administrations, esp…
This article examines the economic training of middle and lower level enterprise managers in the context of Soviet efforts to improve production management. Using survey data from the Tomsk Tool Plant, the authors show that many managers lacked specialized education and that formal retraining reache…
This article describes an experimental cycle-based system for training engineers in industrial production organization and management at Tomsk Polytechnic Institute, established in response to the perceived insufficiency of purely technical higher education for modern enterprise management. It outli…
This paper examines reserves for improving the utilization of equipment, fixed assets, and production capacity at industrial enterprises, with particular attention to machine-building plants in the Tomsk region. Drawing on statistical data and enterprise examples, it argues that efficiency is reduce…
This paper examines why prospecting and exploration drilling for oil and gas in Western Siberia remained substantially more expensive and less productive than development drilling in the late 1960s and 1970, despite improvements in equipment and drilling speed. Using comparative technical and econom…
The paper develops a methodology for calculating the productivity of machine sets used to excavate frozen soils, where work consists of loosening by ripping machines and removal by excavating machines. It distinguishes sequential and parallel-sequential organization of operations, deriving relations…
The article discusses economic optimization of technical parameters in engineering design in the context of expanding automated control systems and computer use. It distinguishes controllable and uncontrollable product parameters, relates physical and technical dependencies to cost dependencies, and…
This paper examines the use of medium-energy monoenergetic proton beams for nondestructive inspection of multicomponent products, emphasizing the high contrast sensitivity achievable near the end of the proton range. Experiments with 6.8 and 10 MeV protons from a cyclotron tested aluminum model spec…
This paper examines how penetrating radiation affects noise in transistor preamplifiers used in radiation television introscopes, where amplifier noise can reduce channel signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity. It reviews radiation-sensitive noise mechanisms in bipolar, junction field-effect, and MOS…
This paper investigates a holographic method for producing three-dimensional X-ray images from a series of conventional shadow radiographs. The authors describe an experimental scheme in which radiographs obtained while shifting the X-ray source along a straight line are recorded sequentially as a h…
This paper examines radiographic inspection of products with complex configurations, where large thickness variations along the radiation path can produce radiographs with optical density differences that hinder uniform defect detection. Using attenuation considerations and experimental tests with s…
This paper analyzes a method for forming holograms with short-wavelength radiation so that they can be reconstructed as visible images without rescaling the hologram. The authors propose using two recording wavelengths and heterodyning during hologram formation, deriving the resulting intensity dist…
This paper surveys direct and indirect methods for producing color X-ray images, motivated by the limited ability of black-and-white radiography to reveal small optical-density differences. It compares approaches that convert monochrome radiographs into color images with methods using ordinary color…
This paper describes a nondestructive electron-beam television method for quality control of conductive and lacquer coatings on resistors and related radio components. The authors contrast this approach with higher-energy scanning electron techniques that require destructive specimen preparation, th…
