SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 680 papers in Earth & Space
This paper examines the structure of atmospheric aerosol under conditions of unusually high transparency near Leningrad, using spectral transparency measurements rather than direct particle sampling. Aerosol optical thickness was derived from Bouguer observations at several wavelengths, corrected fo…
This paper reports measurements of the chemical composition of Venus’s atmosphere obtained during the parachute descents of the Venera 5 and Venera 6 automatic stations in 1969, extending and refining earlier Venera 4 results. Using onboard gas analyzers based on selective physicochemical reactions,…
This paper presents deep seismic sounding evidence for high-velocity layers in the upper mantle beneath the western Black Sea basin and the rift valley of the Arabian Indian Ridge. Using bottom seismograph records, travel-time curves, and comparisons between observed and theoretical amplitude graphs…
This paper estimates vertical turbulent mass fluxes in the ocean, a quantity not yet directly measured, and relates them to transformations between turbulent kinetic energy and the potential energy of stratification. It derives surface boundary contributions from precipitation, evaporation, heat exc…
This paper examines the role of uncompensated space charge introduced by separated auroral electron and proton fluxes in producing magneto-ionospheric disturbances. Using a two-dimensional ionospheric model with calculated ionization, conductivity, charge density, and electric-field profiles for an …
This paper calculates the sixth relative gravitational moment of Jupiter and Saturn using the third approximation theory of figures for hydrostatically equilibrated rotating planets. The authors formulate the dependence of gravitational moments on the shape parameters of internal level surfaces, sol…
This paper examines whether the orientation of ejecta from volcanic directed explosions is related to regional tectonic stress fields as inferred from earthquake focal mechanisms. Using the 1964 Shiveluch eruption as the principal case, it compares the azimuth of directed deposits with nodal planes …
This paper examines how solar wind parameters relate to the periods of steady micropulsations in the Earth’s electromagnetic field. Measurements of solar wind ion flux from Venera 2, Venera 4, Venera 5, Venera 6, and IMP 1 are compared with simultaneous telluric current observations from several geo…
This paper examines the origin of longitudinal waves observed in 4 to 6 second microseisms recorded in a quiet intracontinental region. Using wave-number decomposition of microseismic fields from a station group near Ust-Kamenogorsk, the study estimates apparent velocities, azimuths, and source loca…
This paper reports measurements of humidity pulsations in the near-surface marine atmosphere during the 1969 Soviet-French expedition in the Mediterranean Sea. Using a low-inertia quartz adsorption humidity sensor connected to digital recording equipment, the study obtained energy spectra under seve…
This paper analyzes angular light scattering indicatrices measured in transparent waters of the northern Indian Ocean to test whether differences among seawater scattering curves can be explained solely by varying proportions of molecular and suspended-particle scattering. Using 163 measurements, th…
This paper develops an approximate heat-engine model relating tropical hurricane power to the temperature of the underlying ocean surface water. Using earlier algebraic relations for hurricane structure, condensation heat release, pressure differences, wind parameters, and frictional dissipation at …
This paper analyzes atmospheric wind dynamics on Venus using Doppler measurements from the descent vehicles of the Venera 5 and Venera 6 automatic interplanetary stations. Radial velocity variations during parachute descent are processed after accounting for planetary motion, parachuting velocity, o…
This paper examines temporal variations in the second derivatives of the gravitational potential, focusing on curvature differences and gravity gradients as possible indicators of tectonic processes. Continuous variometric measurements were conducted in 1967 at the Obninsk Observatory and in 1968 in…
This paper reports experimental aerogravimetric measurements conducted over the Caspian Sea in May 1969 to assess the feasibility of airborne gravity surveying for regional geophysical applications. Measurements were made from an Il-14 aircraft using specially designed string gravimeters, barometric…
This paper develops a hydrodynamic model for the interaction between the supersonic solar wind and a moving, ionized interstellar medium, assuming that Coulomb collisions and related plasma processes allow the flows to be treated as single-velocity gases. The authors approximate the compressed regio…
This paper reports visual observations, photography, and spectrophotometry of the Earth’s twilight atmospheric halo conducted from the Soyuz-5 spacecraft in January 1969 under cloudless, continuous cloud, and broken cloud conditions. Using a hand-held spectrograph and camera observations in the 400 …
This paper addresses the problem of measuring gravity from a moving marine base, where inertial accelerations and platform tilts can greatly exceed the gravity increments being sought. It proposes a method using the phase behavior of strongly damped pendulums: discrete gravimeter readings are select…
This paper examines whether the spatial extent of an earthquake source can be inferred from kinematic seismic data rather than treating the source as a single point hypocenter. The authors propose a procedure based on comparing first arrival time residuals for alternative hypocenters and grouping st…
Observations of the pulsar MP 0628 were carried out at 86 and 105 MHz with a 12-channel receiving system on the Pushchino East-West radio telescope arm to study its meter-wave radio emission. The measurements show a dispersion measure of 34.36 pc cm-3, substantially larger than an earlier reported v…
This paper compares the acoustic efficiency of several underwater explosive sound sources relevant to marine seismic exploration, with emphasis on how emitted energy is distributed across frequency bands rather than on total acoustic output alone. Using an exponential approximation for shock-wave pr…
This paper investigates how Forbush decreases in galactic cosmic rays affect the cosmic-ray-produced layer of the lower ionosphere at altitudes of about 50 to 80 km. Using nighttime long-wave radio absorption observations on the Brașov to Sofia path for 25 April to 12 May 1960, together with cosmic-…
This paper reports visual observations of the color and brightness structure of the twilight aureole near the Earth’s horizon made from the Soyuz-5 spacecraft in January 1969. The authors describe the vertical sequence of colors under cloudless, continuous cloud, and broken cloud conditions, noting …
This paper reports shipboard radiometric measurements of the integral water vapor content of the atmosphere over the Atlantic Ocean between 47 degrees N and 23 degrees S during the 1969 cruise of the research vessel Akademik Kurchatov. The method derives vertical radio-wave absorption by atmospheric…
This paper estimates the structure of the outer solar corona from visible-light brightness measurements obtained during the 15 February 1961 solar eclipse by a rocket-borne electrophotometer at about 100 km altitude. The authors formulate the correction of the observed brightness distribution as an …
This paper develops a linear magnetohydrodynamic perturbation theory for axisymmetric cosmological solutions of the Einstein and Maxwell equations with a large-scale magnetic field. Using a synchronous comoving frame and assuming ideal conductivity, the perturbation equations are decomposed into vor…
This paper examines the behavior of unfrozen water in finely dispersed rocks, focusing on how surface forces from mineral particles orient nearby water molecules and inhibit crystallization. Using calorimetric measurements on a heavy loam with a high specific surface area and montmorillonite-rich fi…
This paper examines stable density stratification in the ocean using the Brunt-Väisälä frequency as a sensitive measure of vertical density gradients. Based on hydrographic data from 40 stations, mainly in the northern Pacific, the authors find that in interior layers between roughly 500 and 5000 m …
This paper examines why the faces of the hexagonal prism in quartz crystals often fail to grow, despite being morphologically expressed, and under what natural conditions their growth occurs. Using X-ray diffraction topography of natural quartz crystals from Kazakhstan and the Southern Urals, the au…
This paper examines whether coagulation charging of precipitation particles by ion-charged cloud droplets can account for electric fields required for thunderstorm development. Using earlier ion-balance calculations and field estimates, it argues that natural ionization rates yield precipitation-par…
This paper examines satellite thermal sounding of the atmosphere, in which vertical temperature profiles are inferred from measurements of outgoing thermal radiation. Using Nimbus III interference spectrometer data for Brownsville, Texas, the authors compare two inversion approaches for the resultin…
The paper calculates absorption of microradio waves by atmospheric water vapor dimers using a previously developed rotational-spectrum model, extending earlier results to larger assumed spectral-line half-widths of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 cm-1 under sea-level atmospheric conditions. It argues that dimer l…
This paper examines possible secular changes in gravity across Ukraine using repeated gravity measurements made in 1962 and 1969 at 36 uniformly distributed points. Differences relative to a reference point in Kiev ranged from about +0.4 to −0.5 mGal, with estimated errors of approximately ±0.08 mGa…
This paper examines the anomalous shock compressibility of quartzite, specifically the observed constancy of shock wave velocity over a broad pressure range from about 120 to 330 kbar. The authors argue that the effect is associated with the shock induced quartz to stishovite transformation, but dif…
This paper presents a laser backscatter method for determining cloud microphysical parameters from lidar sounding data. The authors derive a layer by layer expression for the cloud scattering coefficient under the assumption of single scattering, then relate this coefficient to liquid water content …
This paper discusses theoretical and numerical issues in modeling ultralong atmospheric waves for possible medium range weather prediction over one to three weeks. It proposes using a two level Phillips type hydrodynamic model, augmented by effects of surface inhomogeneity, orography, boundary layer…
This study examines density variations among natural diamond varieties, including ordinary transparent crystals, coated diamonds, ballas, and carbonado, using a modified high-precision flotation method with improved temperature control. Densities were determined by comparing specimen equilibrium tem…
This study examines the dielectric properties of rock and ice systems relevant to permafrost and moraine-bearing glacier layers, with the aim of assessing their suitability for electrical and radio exploration in polar regions. Laboratory measurements were made on granite, basalt, and andesite powde…
This paper investigates long-period zero drift in seismometers as a possible manifestation of a nonlocal geophysical phenomenon. Using continuous records from a thermocompensated SVKD seismometer, spectral comparison, smoothing, and correlation analysis, the study finds stable drift spectra, weak as…
This paper examines evidence for a low-velocity seismic waveguide in the crust of the Garm region of Central Asia. Using earthquakes from two localized focal zones as plunging sources, the authors construct and interpret systems of mean travel-time curves for longitudinal and transverse waves, suppl…
This paper develops a quantitative physical model for the geyser process, treating eruptions as explosive releases of superheating energy accumulated in an underground water chamber under hydrostatic pressure. The authors analyze the induction interval between eruptions using a simplified system in …
This paper examines how the deformation force associated with motion of the Earth’s rotational pole may affect atmospheric circulation, especially the positions of the Icelandic low and Azores high. The authors derive the vertical and horizontal components of the force, argue that the vertical compo…
This study examines whether helium concentrations in groundwater can indicate deep tectonic faults along a deep seismic sounding profile in the Trans-Urals. Water samples, mainly from pumped wells 80 to 100 m deep, were degassed by vacuum extraction and analyzed for helium, then compared with seismi…
This paper examines whether the temperatures of planetary exospheres and the solar corona are constrained by the gravitational potentials of their parent bodies. By comparing the Earth’s upper exosphere and the upper solar corona, it notes that the ratio of hydrogen particle thermal energy to gravit…
Joint Franco-Soviet rocket experiments on Hayes Island in 1967 and 1968 measured temperature, winds, and diffusion in the polar upper atmosphere using artificial luminous sodium and aluminum oxide clouds released at about 120 to 174 km. Temperatures were derived from Doppler broadening of sodium res…
This paper presents a colorimetric analysis of twilight sky aureole spectra observed near the horizon from the Soyuz-5 spacecraft under conditions of continuous cloud cover and a solar depression angle near zero. Using measured monochromatic brightness and standard colorimetric functions, the author…
This paper examines the distribution of mercury in meteorites and its possible significance for interpreting elemental abundances in planetary materials. Using a chemical analytical method with sensitivity sufficient for iron and stony iron meteorites, the authors report about 100 determinations fro…
This paper examines how shear stresses affect the acoustic parameters of longitudinal and transverse elastic waves in rock samples, a topic for which little experimental evidence was available compared with compression studies. Cylindrical samples of granite, sandstone, and marble were subjected to …
