SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper examines the concentration of caustic soda solutions at the Kemerovo Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant from the existing commercial level of about 42 percent NaOH to a more economically desirable 55 to 60 percent. It argues that conventional steam heated evaporators face difficulties at these con…
This paper describes the design and laboratory testing of a dephlegmation-type electrode apparatus for concentrating sulfuric acid by direct electric heating. Dilute acid was fed through a packed column into a still containing plane-parallel electrodes, where heat was generated by alternating curren…
This paper analyzes how temperature affects the reversibility of anodic and cathodic peaks in amalgam polarography with accumulation. Using temperature dependences of peak coefficients and half-peak widths for stationary mercury drop and mercury film electrodes, the authors derive criteria for class…
A photocolorimetric procedure is described for determining trace aluminum in Western Siberian crude oils using the red violet complex formed with eriochrome cyanine R at pH 5.9 and measured at 530 nm. The study evaluates masking conditions for common interferences, identifying 0.2 ml of 4 percent as…
The paper examines photometric determination of trace nickel in crude oils and petroleum products, with emphasis on sample preparation methods that minimize metal loss during decomposition. Several wet ashing procedures are compared, including sulfuric acid treatment with additions of hydrochloric a…
A photocolorimetric procedure is described for determining trace cobalt in oils from Western Siberia using nitroso-R salt, which forms a water-soluble cobalt complex stable in mineral acid. Oil ash residues are dissolved, buffered, treated with citric acid and nitroso-R salt, boiled with nitric acid…
This paper describes an emission spectral method for determining trace manganese, nickel, lead, titanium, vanadium, and copper in crude oils from the Tyumen field. After comparing sample preparation approaches, the authors use sulfate ashing of 20 to 25 g oil samples, dilution of the ash concentrate…
This paper develops and applies a photometric procedure for determining trace vanadium in West Siberian oils using diphenylcarbazone as a sensitive and accessible reagent. The authors examine the conditions for formation of the pentavalent vanadium complex, finding an optimal pH of 5.30 to 5.50 and …
This paper compares indirect sample preparation procedures for spectral determination of trace metallic impurities in crude oils and petroleum products. Sulfate ashing, direct ashing, ashing according to GOST 1461-59, and ashing with carbon powder as a collector were applied to oil samples from seve…
Polarographic measurements were used to study lead and cadmium complexes with oxyquinoline in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, and methanol solvent mixtures. The authors assessed the reversibility and diffusion character of the reduction waves at a dropping mercury electrode, then applied the…
The paper develops a quantitative estimate for the limiting resolving power of the APN method with a linearly varying potential when two closely spaced, symmetric anodic peaks overlap. Using a Gaussian approximation for peak shape and assuming equal half-width parameters, the authors formulate the t…
This paper develops a polarographic treatment of the stationary potential and mixed current in a nonequilibrium oxidation-reduction system containing an amalgam of a more electronegative metal and ions of a more electropositive metal in solution. Using the theory of irreversible polarographic waves,…
This study develops procedures for determining cadmium, lead, and copper impurities in crystalline germanium monoxide and very small germanium monoxide films used in microelectronic applications by anodic polarographic analysis on a mercury-film electrode. The authors examine dissolution conditions,…
This study develops an amalgam polarographic procedure for determining trace tin and lead in gallium arsenide, where arsenic from the matrix strongly interferes with anodic peaks. Nitric acid and hydrochloric acid supporting media were examined, and 3 N hydrochloric acid was selected for recording a…
This paper examines how hydrodynamic conditions affect anodic peak parameters during electrodissolution of a metal from an amalgam film electrode under a linearly varying potential. The authors derive a current equation using diffusion equations, the Nernst boundary condition, and Duhamel’s theorem,…
This study develops amalgam polarographic procedures for determining trace impurities of copper, lead, cadmium, bismuth, antimony, and nickel in potassium dihydrogen phosphate and cesium dihydrogen arsenate crystals used in quantum electronics materials. Using APN and AKPN methods with mercury film …
This study addresses the disputed phase state and solubility of nickel in mercury under conditions used in anodic stripping analysis. Using a mercury film electrode and coulometric determination of mercury and nickel, the authors measured how oxidized nickel varies with solution concentration, mercu…
Procedures are developed for determining trace nickel and zinc at 10^-7 to 10^-5 percent levels in high-purity cadmium, where direct polarographic analysis is hindered by the cadmium matrix. Cadmium removal was studied by extraction of iodide complexes with tributyl phosphate, and nickel separation …
This paper examines how the concentration of the more electropositive metal affects the reliable potentiometric determination of solubility products and instability constants for intermetallic compounds formed by two metals in mercury. Using previously derived dimensionless equations for sparingly s…
This paper derives and analyzes a theoretical potentiometric curve for an amalgam containing two metals that form a soluble intermetallic compound in mercury. Using dimensionless variables related to electrode emf and metal concentration ratio, the authors obtain an equation for compounds of general…
This paper develops a quantitative theory for the potentiometric curve of an amalgam containing two metals that form a sparingly soluble intermetallic compound of arbitrary composition in mercury. Using dimensionless variables related to the cell emf and analytical metal concentrations, the authors …
A photometric procedure is proposed for quantitative determination of carbazole in mixtures containing anthracene, phenanthrene, and N-substituted carbazole derivatives. The method ionizes carbazole in N,N-dimethylformamide with aqueous potassium hydroxide and measures absorption of the carbazole an…
This study addresses the search for anti-inflammatory agents among acyl derivatives of isopropylaminoantipyrine, combining structural features associated with strong analgesic activity and with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects in related aminoantipyrine compounds. N-isopropylaminoantipyrine…
This paper reports the preparation of new esters of 9-bromofluorene-4-carboxylic acid as part of work on chemical utilization of coal-tar phenanthrene oxidation products. The authors synthesize phenyl, nitrophenyl, aminophenyl, and ethyl derivatives using 9-bromofluorene-4-carboxylic acid obtained f…
The study applies statistical experimental design to optimize the synthesis of 9-fluorenone-4-carboxylic acid anilide, a compound of potential interest for preparing biologically active substances. Using yield relative to reacted aniline as the optimization criterion, the authors examined the effect…
The study examines the reaction of 3-chloro-9-ethylcarbazole and 3-chloro-9-(2-acetoxy)ethylcarbazole with formaldehyde in acetic acid using phosphoric acid as catalyst, with attention to product formation as a function of temperature. The authors show that lower temperature conditions favor dicarba…
This study examines the photochemical behavior of 9-acetylcarbazole under irradiation in alcoholic media, with particular attention to the effect of atmospheric oxygen on isomerization and oxidative degradation. Building on a proposed excited-state heterolytic mechanism for formation of 1-acetylcarb…
This paper proposes a photochemically initiated method for condensing 9-hydroxymethylcarbazole without added acid catalysts, addressing contamination and coloration associated with conventional acid-catalyzed thermal polycondensation. Irradiation of an alcoholic solution containing slight moisture a…
This study examines early structure formation in dispersed peat systems and the influence of finely dispersed iron oxide additives on pore structure and coagulation contacts. Using filtration measurements with sucrose as an indicator and the Kozeny-Carman relation, the authors evaluated active poros…
This study examines how finely dispersed iron oxides affect the compression behavior of sedge lowland peat. Compression tests were performed on peat from the Tagan deposit and on mixtures containing 5, 13, and 20 percent magnetite, with porosity, relative deformation, compression modulus, compaction…
This study examines pilot-scale production of peat thermobriquettes from air-dry milled peat and compares the resulting technological optima with earlier laboratory findings. Peat from the Tagan deposit was rapidly heated in a rocking retort furnace, pressed in a heated die on a hydraulic press, and…
This study investigates laboratory pyrolysis of the 60 to 95 °C fraction of gas condensate from the Luginets field in a flow reactor, with the aim of identifying an ethylene oriented operating regime. A simplex experimental design was applied to vary reactor outlet temperature, steam dilution, and f…
The paper proposes thermionic emission measurements as an electrophysical method for studying high-temperature reduction reactions of metal oxides. It argues that electron emission currents, governed by the work function and sensitive to surface state, adsorption, and crystallochemical changes, can …
This study examines the staged thermal decomposition of 30 Western Siberian peat samples using combined derivatography at a constant heating rate, recording TG, DTG, DTA, gas evolution curves, and calculated kinetic parameters. The results distinguish moisture release and several organic decompositi…
This paper discusses the determination of kinetic parameters for the thermal decomposition of solid fuels using derivatographic data, especially thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric curves. It reviews how characteristic temperatures, weight loss rates, volatile release, and, where av…
This paper applies correlation and regression analysis to reduce the number of physicochemical measurements needed to characterize crude oils for exploration, processing, and petrochemical use. Using data on eastern and Tomsk oils, the authors examine relationships among ten properties, including de…
This paper characterizes crude oil from the Ozernoye field in Tomsk Oblast and evaluates its suitability for refining into fuels, catalytic feedstocks, bitumens, and base oils. Using fractional distillation, product testing under GOST standards, and group hydrocarbon analysis, the study reports a lo…
This paper evaluates the commercial product potential of low-sulfur, paraffinic crude oil from the South Cheremshan field in Tomsk Oblast using laboratory distillation and standard quality measurements of straight-run fractions. The study characterizes gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel, catalytic…
This paper characterizes the straight-run distillation products of a projected 1980 typical crude oil blend composed of Samotlor, Sovetskoye, Var-Yegan, and Severo-Var-Yegan oils for pipeline transport. It reports yields and quality indices for gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel, catalytic crackin…
This study examines the composition of middle oil fractions from the Samotlor field in Tyumen Oblast in order to assess their suitability for fuel production and processing. The authors determined the content and identities of six-membered naphthenic hydrocarbons in the 150 to 200°C fraction using d…
This study examines the individual hydrocarbon composition of gasoline fractions boiling from the initial boiling point to 150°C in four Western Siberian crude oils from the Samotlor, Yuzhno-Cheremshanskoye, Klyuchevskoye, and Ozernoye fields. Fractions obtained by precise rectification were analyze…
This study examines the individual composition of aromatic hydrocarbons in 150 to 200°C naphtha fractions from four West Siberian oils. Aromatic concentrates were isolated by liquid adsorption chromatography on silica gel and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, with compo…
This paper examines the alkane and isoalkane composition of 150 to 200 degrees Celsius ligroin fractions from Olenya and Sredne-Nyurolskaya crude oils from the Tomsk region, a range complicated by numerous C10 and C11 isomers with similar properties. Dearomatized ligroin samples and n-decane and n-u…
This study examines the rheological behavior of paraffinic oils from several Western Siberian fields, focusing on viscosity, pour point, and yield shear stress as affected by composition and thermal treatment. Using rotational viscometry and comparative measurements before and after heating, the aut…
This study determines the distribution of vanadium in crude oils from several Western Siberian fields and in selected oil components, using radioactivation analysis for high sensitivity and reduced sample preparation losses. Vanadium was measured in whole oils, asphaltenes, silica gel resins, distil…
This study examines factors affecting the pour point and solidification behavior of several Tomsk region oils and a reference mixture from the Nizhne-Vartovsk region. Using physicochemical characterization, heat treatment, cooling curves, and variation of cooling rates, the authors relate pour point…
This paper applies simplex experimental design to optimize a one-stage synthesis of p-iodonitrobenzene from benzene under the combined action of iodine and a nitric acid, sulfuric acid nitrating mixture in glacial acetic acid. Five variables were varied, the amounts of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, so…
This study examines the direct iodination of anthraquinone, a route of interest because iodine-substituted anthraquinones were previously difficult to obtain and generally required multistage syntheses through nitro, amino, and diazonium intermediates. Anthraquinone was reacted with iodine in a sulf…
This study examines the polymerization of 3-methyl-9-vinylcarbazole, a monomer for which prior polymerization data were reported as unavailable. Polymerization in benzene initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile was followed dilatometrically at several temperatures, and inhibited runs with benzoquinone w…
The paper examines computer aided translation of a functional diagram of a computing device into a concrete structural implementation, with attention to covering by structural elements, timing coordination, and load matching. It formulates load matching as an optimization problem on a directed graph…
