SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
Marine reflected-wave seismic profiles acquired in 1968 near the southern Kuril Islands are used to examine the structure of the Central Kuril trough, the Vityaz Ridge, and the adjacent slope of the Kuril-Kamchatka trench. Time sections along profiles near Iturup Island are interpreted in comparison…
This paper investigates electron to positron conversion in tungsten targets irradiated by the 6.51 MeV electron beam of the TPI Research Institute of Nuclear Physics microtron. Positrons emitted in the forward direction were analyzed with a 90 degree sector magnetic beta spectrometer and detected by…
This paper evaluates the practical limits and application of the Tubandt method for determining charge carrier transport numbers in solid ionic compounds with relatively high resistance. The authors derive an estimate for the maximum usable specimen resistance, describe a compensated current stabili…
Electrical conductivity measurements were used to examine phase formation and charge transport during the thermal decomposition of solid potassium permanganate. Pressed samples of purified potassium permanganate, partially decomposed material, potassium manganate, and manganese dioxide were measured…
This paper describes two simple automatic recording arrangements for investigating thermal decomposition processes. The first adapts a Mac-Bain balance by optically projecting the displacement of a quartz spiral onto an EPP-09 recorder, using a two-photodiode bridge circuit to improve sensitivity an…
This paper examines how the composition of the surrounding gas atmosphere affects the thermal decomposition kinetics of several ionic salts: silver permanganate, potassium permanganate, ammonium perchlorate, and ammonium chlorate. Using thermogravimetric measurements under different gases, the autho…
This study examines how nitric oxide and carbon monoxide chemisorb on solid ammonium perchlorate, ammonium chlorate, and ammonium bicarbonate, with attention to how adsorbent ionicity affects bond strength. Infrared absorption spectra of sorbed molecules were measured from 400 to 4000 cm⁻¹ using thi…
The study examines how heterophase semiconductor additives affect the initial thermal decomposition of barium and copper azides under vacuum, using nitrogen evolution to follow reaction rates. Mixtures containing oxide or sulfide semiconductors were prepared by precipitating the azides in suspension…
This study examines how preparation conditions and copper ion additives affect the thermal decomposition of lead azide. Decomposition was measured with gravimetric and volumetric apparatuses under different vacuum and heat-transfer conditions, using samples prepared by rapid or slow precipitation, f…
This study examines the temperature dependence of radiation coloration in alkali metal halide crystals, focusing on the formation of F-centers under X-ray irradiation between 78 and 300 K. Thin NaCl, KCl, RbCl, KBr, and KI specimens were irradiated under controlled cryogenic conditions, and F-center…
This study examines the radiation chemical decomposition of solid inorganic ionic salts with complex anions, focusing on alkali metal azides, perchlorates, and nitrates under gamma irradiation and 4.7 MeV proton irradiation. Radiolysis products were measured by chemical analysis as a function of abs…
This paper describes the use of a cyclotron for studying radiation-chemical processes in solid ionic crystals under irradiation by accelerated protons, with attention to effects not accessible from X-ray or gamma irradiation alone. The authors present sample irradiation arrangements, beam uniformity…
This study examines optical absorption in single crystals of ammonium perchlorate irradiated by X-rays at room temperature and 77 K, and by protons at room temperature, in order to relate observed absorption bands to radiolysis products under conditions comparable with EPR studies. Spectra show band…
This paper reports an experimental study of the X-ray radiolysis of lead azide and the effect of heterophase semiconductor additives and homophase ionic impurities on its radiation stability. Lead azide samples containing oxide additives or silver and copper ions were irradiated under vacuum, with d…
This study examines thermal annealing of radiation damage in alkali metal nitrates, focusing on how annealing of radiolysis products relates to crystal free volume. Recrystallized nitrate samples were irradiated with 4.8 MeV protons, and nitrite and nitrogen oxide products were measured colorimetric…
This study examines post-radiation changes in the electrical conductivity of ammonium perchlorate after exposure to Co-60 gamma rays and 4.5 MeV protons, with additional measurements of dielectric losses, thermoelectromotive force, gas evolution, and photocurrent. Pressed tablets were irradiated ove…
This review systematizes research on the radiolysis of solid inorganic salts with oxygen-containing anions, focusing chiefly on alkali metal nitrates, nitrites, chlorates, bromates, and perchlorates. It compares chemical analysis, optical absorption, and electron paramagnetic resonance data to ident…
This review examines methods for deliberately changing the thermal, photochemical, and radiation stability of solid inorganic compounds with predominantly ionic bonds, especially salts whose decomposition begins with electron and ion processes. It organizes experimental and theoretical work around d…
This paper develops a physicochemical framework for relating the properties of ionic solids to chemical composition through lattice energy. Using data for alkali halides, alkaline earth oxides, solid solutions, and irradiated crystals, it compares activation energies, dissolution behavior, thermal e…
This paper examines preliminary tangential displacement in dry discrete contacts before macroscopic sliding begins, focusing on its dependence on static friction, normal load, material properties, and microcontact behavior. Using experiments on hardened steel against various materials, it derives a …
The paper proposes a methodology for assessing the level of development of an industrial sector within the national economic complex of an economic region. It frames sectoral development through the territorial division of labor, emphasizing resource availability, production concentration, specializ…
This study examines why cast dispersion-hardening iron, cobalt, tungsten, and molybdenum cutting alloys can show nonuniform bending strength, cutting performance, and tempered hardness across a casting section even when their macrostructure and ordinary hardness appear relatively uniform. Using micr…
This study examines how annealing temperature and holding time affect the structure, hardness, red hardness, and mechanical properties of cast high-speed steels intended for hot-forming tools. Eight experimental steels with varying carbon, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten contents were cast, subject…
This study evaluates the feasibility of centrifugal casting in vacuum for producing cast cutting tools from R18 high-speed steel. R18 scrap was remelted in an adapted induction vacuum furnace and poured under varied vacuum, argon backfill, mold rotation, and temperature conditions, then examined for…
This paper examines how manganese content affects the machinability of chromium manganese steel Kh13G19TL, developed as a substitute for chromium nickel heat resistant steels in cement kiln structures. Using tool life during turning with a single carbide insert as the machinability measure, the auth…
This paper examines how nonlinear elastic characteristics of hydraulic system cavities influence fast transient processes, with particular attention to working fluid compressibility, metal cavities, and flexible high-pressure hoses. It formulates a total compliance coefficient for a hydraulic line a…
This paper describes the design and calibration of a low-inertia elastic-electric dynamometer intended to measure instantaneous circumferential and feed forces in single-tooth face milling. The instrument uses strain gauges mounted on the cutter holder and on a rigid dynamometric table, with differe…
The paper describes an apparatus for calibrating natural tool, workpiece thermocouples used to measure temperatures in metal cutting. It critiques conventional bath and coil heating methods as slow, labor-intensive, and insufficiently representative of the localized heating in cutting, then presents…
This study examines how lubricating, neutral, oxidizing, and reducing environments influence the cutting of technically pure titanium VT-1 at very low and high cutting speeds. Free-planing tests in immersed liquid media and high-speed cutting tests in controlled gas or carbon tetrachloride environme…
This study examines how hardness produced by heat treatment or preliminary axial compression affects the mechanical behavior and turning characteristics of ShKh15 steel. Tensile, compression, hardness, and cutting tests were used to relate hardness to strength, plasticity, flow stress, cutting force…
This paper examines how to characterize the final degree of metal deformation during cutting, especially in relation to principal elongation, chip texture, and the common simple shear model. Using division grids and scratched reference lines on specimens of steel, brass, and zinc, the authors compar…
This paper addresses profiling errors that arise when a disk-type module milling cutter, designed for the smallest tooth count in its range, is used to cut gears with larger tooth counts. It develops a coordinate-based calculation of involute profile points, identifies the maximum error at the outsi…
This paper presents a graphical method for studying helical thread surfaces in rolling operations, including large lead screws, power screws, worm blanks, and worms. Starting from analytical relations for an Archimedean helical surface and its conjugate rolling tool, the method develops cylindrical …
This paper examines geometric deviations in helical threads produced by machining with a plane, including flat-die rolling, face milling, and grinding with the flat side of a wheel. Using flat-die thread rolling as the model case, it formulates the interaction between an assumed Archimedean helical …
This paper examines why threads produced by rolling with rollers having Archimedean helical surfaces do not exactly reproduce the roller’s specified helical geometry, even when pitch, number of starts, and initial diameters coincide. It attributes the deviations to differences in helix angles over t…
This paper examines nonuniform load distribution along the contact lines of helical gears, with particular attention to load concentration near the pitch line caused by variations in tooth stiffness and by profile relief. After reviewing divergent published estimates of the pitch-point concentration…
This paper examines the load-carrying capacity of high-speed cylindrical gear transmissions, focusing on contact strength and pitting of tooth working surfaces. It argues that common design calculations underestimate allowable loads at high speeds, partly because of limited experimental data, assump…
This paper examines how dynamic loads should be included in the design calculation of high-speed helical gear transmissions, where oscillatory effects arise mainly from circular pitch errors. Using Petrusevich’s method, the author analyzes the terms of the standard dynamic-load formula for typical h…
This paper reports an experimental investigation of how tooth wear affects dynamic loads in a closed spur gear reducer. Dynamic tooth forces were measured directly without disassembling the reducer while test gears operated under constant speed, load, and lubrication conditions for 436 hours, reachi…
This paper presents a methodology for experimentally investigating dynamic loads in worn spur gears, addressing difficulties caused by changing tooth geometry and the need to measure key parameters without disassembling the reducer. The method combines strain-gauge measurement of tooth forces under …
This paper examines how wear and friction affect the bending stress state of spur gear teeth, addressing limitations of calculation methods that treat worn teeth as geometrically reduced but otherwise unchanged involute profiles. Using gear wheels from an ER-5 mining electric drill reducer, the stud…
This paper describes a contactless inductive revolution marker intended for measuring rotational speeds of machine links when tachogenerators or other sensors are difficult to apply. The proposed design replaces the permanent magnet used in earlier markers with an electromagnet having primary and se…
The paper addresses uneven load distribution in multi-motor overhead conveyor drives caused by differences in the actual nominal slips of asynchronous motors. Assuming steady-state operation, equal average chain velocities, equal driving sprocket pitch diameters, and a linear working portion of the …
This paper describes the development and testing of a sensor for measuring fluid flow velocity angles in rotating channels of fluid couplings. After reviewing limitations of spherical probes, wire deflection methods, and transparent model studies, the author presents a balanced vane based inductive …
This paper investigates the circulating flow in fully filled fluid couplings to explain observed effects of rotation-axis position on transmitted torque, particularly at small slip values. Flow-velocity directions were measured with inductive sensors in turbine and pump wheel cavities using water an…
This paper examines the distribution of meridional fluid velocities in the interblade channels of a fluid coupling, challenging the common assumption that meridional velocity is constant along and across the mean stream filament. Using experimental observations from prior measurements and an adapted…
This paper examines how the orientation of a hydraulic coupling’s rotation axis affects its external torque characteristic, especially for couplings with a vertical axis where standard horizontal-axis calculation methods may be inaccurate. Using an experimental coupling tested with horizontal and ve…
This paper presents a method for determining residual stresses in expanded rings when the stresses arise from plastic deformation. The approach uses hardness measurements to infer stress intensity across the ring radius, solves the axisymmetric plane-stress equilibrium and yield relations numericall…
This paper examines the inhomogeneity of the stress state in metal prisms during plane upsetting, with attention to the effects of friction, strain hardening, and specimen geometry. Stresses were determined experimentally and numerically from hardness distributions, using calibration curves relating…
This paper investigates the stress state along the vertical axis of symmetry in cylindrical steel specimens subjected to radial compression between parallel press plates, a problem relevant to transverse forging, rolling, and strength testing of brittle materials. Using measured strains, hardness ba…
