SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper presents an algorithm for operational scheduling in discrete manufacturing systems represented by an acyclic directed network model. Given directive output plans for finished products, batch sizes, production cycle durations, initial stock and work in progress, and product applicability c…
This paper reports an experimental study of the frequency dependence of the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric permittivity of shock-heated air and argon plasmas over 200 to 7300 MHz. Measurements were made in a coaxial shock tube by probing a moving ionized gas plug with a TEM wave …
A simple one-dimensional statistical model is proposed for fluctuations of blackening in uniformly exposed X-ray and photographic films as recorded by a microphotometer. The model represents the scanned image as a random sequence of rectangular pulses corresponding to opaque grain groups and interve…
This paper develops and tests a mathematical model for estimating the sensitivity of a television radiation introscope used in nondestructive testing. Sensitivity is characterized by image contrast for a minimum defect and by the signal-to-noise ratio at the converter output, with calculations incor…
This paper proposes a calculation method for the spectral sensitivity of X-ray vidicons, motivated by the difficulty of measuring their response experimentally with monoenergetic sources. The method relates sensitivity to absorption in the face glass and semiconductor target, using target thickness,…
This paper reports experimental measurements of the signal behavior and contrast sensitivity of an LI-417-1 X-ray vidicon used in an industrial television introscope. Using an X-ray tube, aluminum and lead absorbers with slits, video amplification, and oscilloscope line selection, the authors measur…
This paper reports experimental work on increasing the intensity and stability of bremsstrahlung from the TPI B-30 betatron by optimizing electron injection conditions. It describes a circuit that varies the duration and shape of the high-voltage injection pulse and an automatic tuning scheme that a…
This paper addresses digital modeling for radiation flaw detection in heterogeneous bodies, using concrete-like structures as the principal example. It represents coarse aggregate as random packings of spheres and discusses Monte Carlo-based algorithms for sparse and dense packings under the memory …
This paper proposes a digital modeling approach for radiation monitoring of density distributions in heterogeneous bodies, with cement concrete treated as a multicomponent packing of convex particles approximated by spheres of several effective radii. A mathematical packing model was implemented on …
This paper discusses how the choice of focusing and beam deflection systems in X-ray vidicons should be matched to target size and intended use in radiation introscopes. It compares magnetic and electrostatic focusing and deflection arrangements for small, medium, and large target diameters, conside…
This paper examines stereoradiographic nondestructive testing with a two-beam betatron, addressing the need to determine not only the presence of defects but also their depth and dimensions without moving the radiation source or the inspected object. It compares three inspection arrangements: two su…
This paper addresses the selection of an optimal number of sensors in introscope systems for nondestructive testing, where defect detection must be accompanied by sufficient descriptive detail for human or automatic classification. It formulates the sensor block as a discretizing element in an infor…
The paper addresses the practical problem of measuring parasitic capacitances in vacuum tube amplifier circuits, where tube interelectrode capacitances, socket capacitances, wiring, and connected components interact and can distort direct measurements. It proposes a procedure using the E8-1 “PIMEL” …
This paper examines nondestructive betatron inspection of high-density materials, focusing on lead as a representative absorber. The authors report radiographic experiments using 25 and 30 MeV bremsstrahlung to select intensifying screens, construct exposure charts, and measure standard defect detec…
This paper examines how efficiently an X-ray vidicon target converts a gamma-ray image into an absorbed-energy distribution and, subsequently, a potential relief relevant to television radiation introscopy. It formulates the conversion stage in terms of the mean absorbed energy per incident quantum,…
This article addresses the conversion of radiographic film images into electrical signals for automated defect detection and classification in industrial quality control. It compares passive and active scanning principles, including mechanical, optomechanical, vacuum photoelectronic, electroluminesc…
This paper evaluates the practical efficiency of using 9, 15, and 25 MeV betatrons as radiation sources for industrial radiographic flaw detection. The authors compare sensitivity, inspection productivity, and radiography cost, while also considering focal distance, product geometry, equipment chara…
This paper develops theoretical criteria for radiation defectoscopy of heterogeneous materials such as concrete using betatron bremsstrahlung. It analyzes how structural inhomogeneity, especially the nonuniform distribution of coarse aggregate, produces radiation intensity and radiographic density f…
This paper examines how structural inhomogeneity in concrete-type materials affects radiation flaw detection by producing nonuniform shadow images that can reduce defect detectability. The authors model concrete as random packings of equal-sized spheres and use digital simulation to study the statis…
The paper addresses the design of a lightweight photoconverter for automatic scanning and reading of information from X-ray films at relatively high mechanical sweep speeds. It compares photoresistors and photodiodes with respect to sensitivity, inertia, and linearity, and argues for a differential …
A discrimination method is described for extracting specified intensity or equipotential levels from time-varying detector signals, with particular relevance to flaw-detection signal processing. Instead of using separate diode limiters or Schmitt triggers with stabilized reference voltages for each …
This paper addresses the problem of contactless length measurement for moving objects whose speed may vary and for which equipment reliability requires limiting the number of sensors. It analyzes a ruler-type sensor arrangement, first deriving the required sensor count when the object length is boun…
This paper examines the limitations of human-operated nondestructive testing as inspection is increasingly integrated into high-speed industrial production. Using data from engineering psychology, the authors estimate operator information-processing times for visual introscopy and show that reliable…
This paper proposes an oscilloscope method for obtaining the static magnetization reversal loop of a thin surface layer of a conducting ferromagnetic sample. The method combines low-frequency magnetization with a small high-frequency field and uses the second-harmonic signal from a measuring coil, w…
This paper addresses the display of information from moving objects or media when direct observation is limited to a single scanning line and conventional television systems are unsuitable. It describes an electronic information-display system that replaces a mechanically synchronized moving-tape el…
This paper reports experimental tests of a dual-frequency eddy-current method using surface-mounted sensors to detect surface cracks in ferromagnetic products, where feed-through sensors are impractical for large diameters. Cylindrical sensors with low-frequency and high-frequency windings were used…
This paper evaluates the efficiency of betatron radiation flaw detection using scintillation counters for inspecting products made of steel, aluminum, and lead. It develops a calculation approach based on sensitivity, productivity, and inspection cost, accounting for the dependence of radiometric se…
This paper studies the use of continued fractions for computing certain generalized hypergeometric functions. It proves remainder estimates for approximating a power series by convergents of an associated continued fraction with positive link terms, including bounds in regions with nonpositive real …
This paper develops a continued fraction based method for computing MacRobert’s E-function for positive real arguments under specified inequalities on its parameters. The function is expressed through a multiple integral representation, after which successive application of even convergents and part…
This paper develops continued fraction based approximations for elliptic integrals by representing the power factor in their integrands through even convergents and decomposing these rational approximants into elementary fractions. It proves a formula expressing the convergent of \((1-v)^{-1/2}\) as…
This paper develops approximations for the Gauss hypergeometric function in the form of finite products of binomials, under specified restrictions on the parameters and for complex arguments in certain regions. Using recurrence relations and the continued fraction expansion of a ratio of contiguous …
This paper develops approximations to the confluent hypergeometric, or Kummer, function for positive parameters satisfying \(2\alpha > \gamma > 0\). It represents the logarithmic derivative of the function by a continued fraction, converts its convergents into polynomial ratios, and derives a produc…
This paper develops product of binomials approximations for the hypergeometric series 0F1, which forms the basis of several Bessel and related special functions. The method rewrites the logarithmic derivative of the series using a continued fraction, derives explicit numerator and denominator polyno…
This paper studies a five-parameter family of nondegenerate conics in three-dimensional projective space under the condition that their planes form a one-parameter family. Using Cartan’s method of moving frames and exterior forms, it constructs an adapted projective frame, derives the associated Pfa…
The paper derives computable solutions for the magnetic field of a conducting ferromagnetic plate of finite thickness moving at constant velocity through prescribed external magnetic fields. It formulates the vector potential problem with diffusion and motional terms inside the plate, Laplace equati…
This note studies two-parameter congruences of circles in Euclidean three-space whose planes depend on two parameters and which possess a doubled family of canal surfaces. Using Cartan’s moving frame and exterior forms, it writes the differential system for such congruences, relates its invariants t…
This paper examines how distributed parameters affect automatic control of outlet temperature in first-order heat exchanger models with PI regulation under disturbances from external heating. It derives closed-loop transfer functions for heat exchangers with either constant heating-medium temperatur…
This paper describes the design, operation, and commissioning of a bench-scale laboratory installation developed to study ash deposit formation during combustion of Kansk-Achinsk brown coals under controlled conditions. The setup includes regulated pulverized-coal feeding, preheated air supply, a co…
This article addresses the economic optimization of boiler unit design parameters, replacing exhaustive variant-by-variant comparison with a mathematical programming formulation. It defines technical constraints on flue-gas temperatures, air heating, furnace outlet conditions, heat absorption balanc…
The paper formulates a method for calculating the transient temperature field in an electrical winding of rectangular cross section, motivated by the need to estimate allowable thermal regimes and warmup times in devices such as transformer and generator windings. It models heat conduction with cons…
This paper examines how deviations in the vulcanization temperature coefficient K affect the calculated vulcanization effect at a point in a cable sheath. Starting from earlier calculations that assumed K equals 2, it considers two cases: K varying with temperature according to an Arrhenius relation…
This paper develops a method for estimating the additional vulcanization effect received by a rubber cable sheath while it passes through the cooling device after continuous vulcanization. Treating the sheath in first approximation as a homogeneous rubber cylinder with an initially parabolic tempera…
This paper reports laboratory experiments on artificial drying regimes for wet-molded peat-ore briquettes intended for blast-furnace use, where low moisture and adequate mechanical strength are required. Using a controlled drying chamber, the authors varied initial briquette moisture content, drying…
This paper evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of melting urban snow using heat from district heating networks instead of transporting it to disposal sites. It develops a cost comparison method based on capital investment, operating costs, snow volume, hauling distance, installation cap…
This article examines the technical feasibility of using underloaded extraction stages of district heating turbines to supply heat for snow melting at points of snow collection, thereby reducing the need for transport to dumps. It develops heat balance and capacity formulas for additional extraction…
This paper presents an experimental implementation of the spherical heat wave method for determining the thermal diffusivity of metals, using a steel 40 spherical specimen subjected to periodic heating and cooling. The apparatus employed symmetrically arranged lamp heaters, forced air cooling, and t…
This paper develops a method for determining thermal diffusivity from spherical thermal waves in specimens subjected to harmonic surface-temperature oscillations. Starting from the heat-conduction solution for a sphere after prolonged periodic heating, it derives expressions relating thermal diffusi…
This paper develops calculation procedures for determining air humidity from dry-bulb and wet-bulb psychrometer readings. It derives relations for moisture content, water vapor partial pressure, relative humidity, and absolute humidity using moist-air enthalpy balances, with explicit allowance for b…
This paper examines transient heat conduction in an annular heat-generating element with time-dependent internal heat generation, heat-transfer coefficients, and ambient temperatures at the inner and outer surfaces. The boundary-value problem is transformed using a finite Hankel integral transform, …
