SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper reviews the state and prospects of induction-dynamic drives, emphasizing their ability to generate very large mechanical forces over microsecond time intervals through pulsed electromagnetic interaction between primary and movable secondary windings. It compares coreless, open-core, and c…
This paper investigates switching overvoltages in the windings of low-voltage AO2-series induction motors during switching on, switching off, and reversing, with attention to their significance for winding insulation reliability. Overvoltage pulses were recorded experimentally for AO2-32-2, AO2-32-4…
This paper develops a probabilistic reliability model for turn-to-turn insulation failures in random-wound electrical machine windings during the burn-in period. The winding is divided into elementary insulation gaps, classified by enamel damage and conductor contact, with defect probabilities estim…
The paper develops an analytical reliability model for multilayer frame insulation in asynchronous motors, addressing the random voltage distribution, heterogeneous layer properties, and damaged sections that make purely analytical treatment difficult. It formulates breakdown probabilities for multi…
This paper develops equations for analyzing synchronous reluctance motors supplied at variable network frequency, motivated by frequency-controlled drives requiring accurate synchronous speed under varying loads. It reformulates the motor voltage balance, flux linkage, torque, and rotor motion equat…
The paper examines slot leakage fields in pulse generators with very shallow stator slots, a geometry used to reduce inductive reactance but for which leakage through the slot bottom may become significant. It formulates a plane parallel magnetic field model for a salient pole stator interpole space…
This paper examines the calculation of slot leakage permeance in the stator winding of a shock generator, focusing on cases where the slot height is small relative to the slot width. Starting from electromagnetic field energy and previously derived expressions for current density and vector potentia…
This paper analyzes the energy characteristics of an asynchronous generator operating in pulse mode with an active load, using an equivalent circuit that neglects the exciting capacitance. From approximate current expressions, the authors derive conditions for maximum power transfer, showing that th…
This paper examines the pulsed operating mode of a single-phase squirrel-cage induction generator supplying a resistive load, with attention to selecting a matched load and estimating the energy delivered in one pulse. The authors formulate a per-unit system of transient differential equations for t…
This paper examines how the geometry of the stator tooth zone affects the energy output of multipole shock-power generators operating into an inductive load. Using digital computer calculations for four-, six-, and eight-pole machines with fixed principal dimensions and permissible electromagnetic l…
This historical survey traces the development of electrical engineering education and research at the Electric Power Faculty of Tomsk Polytechnic Institute from the first electrical specialization in 1906 through the faculty’s organization, wartime activity, and postwar expansion. It reviews the rol…
This paper addresses the efficiency and safety limitations of conventional shell-and-tube coolers used for intermediate and final cooling of compressed air in compressor installations. It presents and tests a bubbling-spray cooling apparatus based on direct contact between hot compressed air and coo…
The paper develops static characteristics for synchronous generators equipped with automatic excitation control and turbine active power control acting on several operating parameters. Starting from steady-state active and reactive power relations, the authors formulate incremental equations that in…
This paper develops a unified algorithm for calculating changes in steady-state operating conditions and assessing static stability in electric power systems subject to stationary disturbances. It formulates linearized nodal power equations for a passive multi-terminal network coupled with static ch…
This paper develops a refined method for selecting transformer ratios and voltage regulation laws at load supply centers by including network power and energy losses in the economic criterion. It formulates calculated cost functions that combine voltage-related damage with losses in longitudinal net…
The paper formulates the problem of locating a power source in radial distribution networks as a technical and economic optimization subject to voltage deviation constraints at consumer substations. It replaces the conventional load center approach with minimization of reduced calculated costs, expr…
This paper develops a method for estimating how on-load tap changes of coupling transformers affect the steady-state parameters of a long-distance AC transmission line connected to an intermediate power system. Using generalized static characteristics of adjacent system sections, the authors lineari…
This paper develops an approach for representing intermediate power systems connected along long-distance AC transmission lines by generalized static characteristics derived from operating parameters. It formulates these characteristics as dependencies of active and reactive exchange power on voltag…
The paper examines how an intermediate power system affects the limiting operating modes, power transfer capability, and static stability of long-distance AC transmission lines. It develops analytical conditions for limiting active-power transit and relative rotor angles in a three-station represent…
The paper examines calculation of zero-sequence voltage protection for unit hydrogenerators whose neutrals are grounded through arc-suppression coils, especially when protection is arranged to trip the generator after a short delay. It develops expressions for neutral-displacement voltage caused by …
This paper examines how adding a capacitor in series with an arc-suppression coil affects transient ground-fault currents and arc extinction in a unit generator protection scheme using an auxiliary direct-current source. Using zero-sequence equivalent circuits and approximate expressions for forced …
This paper adapts a previously developed optimization method for two-winding power transformers to the design of autotransformers with multilayer concentric high-voltage windings. It derives relations for the rated powers, layer numbers, turn ratios, conductor cross sections, and short-circuit volta…
This paper develops an engineering method for evaluating the electrodynamic stability of transformers with layer windings during short-circuit conditions. Treating a winding layer as an elastic rod in a dissipative system, the authors derive expressions for layer displacement, damping, interlayer fr…
The article addresses the need for generalized techno-economic unit indicators for evaluating power transmission lines, network sections, substations, power-supply schemes, and electrical equipment designs. It proposes formulas for unit capital costs per kilowatt delivered to consumers and for the c…
This paper describes the use of a graphical analytical method of flow path variation for estimating averaged characteristics of electric fields, including conductance, resistance, capacitance, and field nonuniformity. The method divides field flux into tubes whose boundaries are varied to maximize t…
The paper analyzes the short-circuit characteristic of electrostatic generators with carrier conductors embedded in a dielectric under contact commutation. Using Gauss’s theorem and field-strength relations in the rotor to stator gap, it derives expressions linking short-circuit current to the avera…
This paper examines switching processes in electrostatic generators with a dielectric transporter, a topic identified as insufficiently clarified despite the industrial use of such machines. Using a single-disk epoxy rotor generator operated in short-circuit mode, the authors record oscillograms of …
This paper examines commutation in electrostatic generators with conducting carriers, focusing on methods to increase generator current while reducing erosion of brushes, carriers, and rotor dielectric. Using experimental generator tests and oscillographic measurements of discharge currents, the aut…
This paper examines design problems in developing a compact self-excited electrostatic generator, especially dielectric breakdown between the auxiliary rotor carriers and the high-voltage inductor and stabilization of the output voltage. Experimental tests are used to evaluate two measures: insertin…
This paper develops ready-made calculation elements for applying the graph-analytical method of flow path variation to stationary conducting fields with prescribed electrode potentials. It derives conductance expressions for sectors of spherical and cylindrical capacitor fields, introducing expansio…
An approximate analytical method is developed for calculating the electric field potential of an electrostatic generator rotor equipped with conducting transporter electrodes. The annular working region is transformed into a rectangular two-dimensional model, rotor charges are replaced by uniformly …
The paper develops engineering formulas for constructing the external, or load, characteristics of electrostatic generators from their geometry and material properties. Using superposition, it treats the machine field as the sum of stator and rotor contributions and relates carrier charges and poten…
This paper examines noise in X-ray photographic film as spatial nonuniformity of blackening and relates its analysis to random fluctuation methods used in electrical circuits. Uniformly exposed and developed RT-1 X-ray film samples of different mean transparencies were scanned with a slit aperture, …
This paper examines how to select hydrostatic proof-test pressure for cylindrical boiler-drum shells with openings, where plastic deformation near stress concentrators can strengthen the material and create beneficial residual stresses. It derives limits based on elastic and plastic stress-concentra…
This paper examines uneven brightness distribution in the visual fields of workers performing visually demanding operations in incandescent lamp production. Measurements at several plants, using luxmeter-based brightness estimates and visual photometry, showed that peripheral to central brightness r…
This paper describes an electronic pulse stretcher circuit designed to improve recording of betatron pulse-parameter drift with devices such as loop oscillographs. The authors propose a hybrid semiconductor arrangement using a field-effect transistor in a common-drain output stage, allowing a small …
This study examines whether instability in mains voltage accounts for rapid random cycle to cycle fluctuations in the pulse intensity of gamma radiation from the SB-25 betatron. The authors simultaneously recorded mains voltage fluctuations and radiation pulse intensity using a specialized pulse rec…
This paper examines elastic presliding displacement in tangentially loaded contacts as a factor limiting precision in machine and instrument engineering. Using contact mechanics results for shear of elastic bodies and modeling a rough surface as a distribution of ellipsoidal asperities, the authors …
This paper develops an approximate analytical method for the transient natural-convection cooling of a horizontal infinitely long cylinder in a medium of constant temperature, assuming temperature-independent thermophysical properties. Using a thermal region of influence and a quasi-stationary appro…
This paper describes a modified optoelectronic tracking system that splits a light beam into four components in order to measure not only the sign but also the magnitude of planar beam displacements. The authors present the optical arrangement with a prism analyzer, mirrors, a rotating modulating di…
This paper describes an experimental installation developed at the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute 1.5 GeV synchrotron for studying coherent bremsstrahlung from silicon and diamond single-crystal targets, with the aim of producing quasi-monoenergetic and polarized gamma-ray beams. It presents the appara…
This paper reports microwave and probe diagnostics of a high-frequency electrode torch discharge in air at high pressure, with attention to electron concentration, electron collision frequency with heavy particles, and electron temperature. The discharge was generated on a water-cooled nickel electr…
This paper derives a general equation for the separation of isotopic ions in ion-exchange extraction within a countercurrent liquid ion exchanger and solution system. Starting from material balances for the light isotope in both phases, the authors account for convective fluxes, diffusion, isotopic …
This paper examines nondestructive hardness testing of long ferromagnetic rods and tubes by harmonic analysis of the emf induced in a measuring coil displaced from a short magnetizing coil. Experiments on 50KhFA steel specimens of different hardness measured the amplitude and phase distributions of …
The paper examines the use of asymmetric and pulsating magnetizing fields in electromagnetic sensors for quality control of ferromagnetic materials and products. It derives measurement relations for half-wave and full-wave sensor excitation, showing that the average secondary emf can reflect differe…
The paper develops calculation formulas for transient processes in circuits where an incandescent lamp is used as a controlled light source rather than only as a nonlinear resistance. Starting from a filament heat balance that relates temperature to lamp and circuit parameters, it introduces practic…
This paper examines closed-loop first-order pulse systems using pulse-width modulation of the first and second kinds, focusing on the less-studied case of modulation determined by the current input value. It derives the governing equations for one-polarity output pulses and proposes a graphical cons…
This paper proposes a method for modeling constant delay by approximating time-domain characteristics rather than directly approximating the ideal delay transfer function. It expands the impulse response and, separately, a transformed step response in integral Legendre polynomials with exponential a…
The paper addresses the approximation and circuit realization of a transcendental transfer function that arises in distributed-parameter control objects and cannot be used directly on analog computers. It proposes approximating the impulse response, containing a Bessel function, by an expansion in e…
This paper analyzes a ferromagnetic frequency doubler used as the basic element of an active compensation smoothing filter intended to improve ripple suppression by compensating pulsations from an auxiliary source. Using a hyperbolic sine approximation of the magnetization curve and neglecting hyste…
