SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25456 papers
The paper addresses the need for a simple analytical representation of the external torque characteristic of internal combustion engines for use in vehicle motion calculations. It derives a quadratic expression for torque as a function of engine speed from assumptions about decreasing indicated pres…
This paper examines the use of supercharging as a means of increasing the power of carburetor automobile engines when further gains from compression ratio become limited. Using a theoretical ideal cycle with forced ignition, it calculates cycle temperatures, pressures, filling coefficients, mean ind…
This article addresses the difficulty of estimating hysteresis energy losses in steel shafts used in torsional vibration calculations when material-specific damping data are unavailable. It describes an experimental apparatus in which a vertically suspended shaft with a flywheel is excited into reso…
The paper addresses the experimental separation of damping characteristics in piston engine motor installations, focusing on viscous damping in the engine mechanism and hysteretic damping in the shaft. It proposes a method based on three torsiograph recordings at resonant speeds using interchangeabl…
This article examines how estimated damping characteristics for torsional vibrations in motor installations with reciprocating internal-combustion engines depend on the moment of inertia of a flywheel and on the order of resonance. Experiments were conducted on a laboratory installation consisting o…
This paper examines resonant torsional vibrations of shafts in piston-engine motor installations, focusing on the limitations of common calculation assumptions that use the free-vibration mode shape and a 90 degree phase lag at resonance. Using a two-mass shaft model with several forms of linear dam…
This paper examines how generalized damping coefficients for torsional vibrations in piston-engine powerplants depend on design and vibration parameters, including shaft stiffness, moments of inertia, vibration-node position, natural frequency, and installation scale. Using previously derived relati…
The paper examines how damping forces should be characterized when calculating resonant torsional vibrations in power units with piston internal combustion engines. Using an energy balance that includes both viscous damping in the engine mechanism and hysteretic damping in the shaft material, it der…
This study examines the vapor phase hydrogenolysis of alpha-substituted furan homologues over a platinized charcoal catalyst, with attention to how the length of the alkyl side chain affects ring cleavage. A series of alpha-alkylfurans from methyl to n-amyl derivatives was prepared and hydrogenated …
This study examines the thermal decomposition of cotton cellulose at 300°C in vacuum, focusing on changes in degree of polymerization and levoglucosan formation. Cellulose samples of different initial polymerization degrees were heated for controlled intervals, after which decomposition products and…
The use of a container makes it possible to significantly reduce the disturbing effect of the body on the medium (gas release, disturbance of the ambient air temperature, etc.). This paper describes the instrumentation and the results of pressure measurements in the upper layers of the atmosphere (5…
This paper develops approximate dispersion relations for nucleon nucleon scattering intended to avoid unobservable antinucleon nucleon amplitudes appearing in exact formulations. Starting from a standard dispersion relation, the authors neglect antinucleon contributions, include the deuteron interme…
This paper derives the bound-state energy levels of a negatively charged spin 1/2 particle, such as an electron or negative muon, in a Coulomb field using a previously formulated wave equation that includes a deviation of the magnetic moment from the corresponding magneton. The angular part is separ…
This study examines whether O-peptides of beta-hydroxyamino acids can act as amino acid residue carriers in enzymatic peptide synthesis. N-benzoyl derivatives of O-benzoylphenylalanyl serine, O-benzoylphenylalanyl threonine, and O-hippuryl serine were reacted with ethyl glycinate, with comparisons a…
This paper studies operators without anticipation on finite input and output alphabets, with special attention to those realizable by logical networks with feedback and delay. It formalizes the weight of such an operator as the minimal size of its auxiliary alphabet, interprets its logarithm as memo…
This paper examines preparative routes to methylheptenone and methylheptadienone, intermediates used in the synthesis of isoprenoid fragrance compounds. The authors compare condensation of prenyl halides with acetoacetic ester, direct reaction of dimethylvinylcarbinol with acetoacetic ester, and pyr…
This paper develops a measure theoretic formulation of information transmission through stochastic communication channels fed by stochastic sources. It defines channels with and without anticipation, finite memory, channel entropy relative to an input source, regular sources and channels, and regula…
This study examines electrode phenomena and near-electrode optical changes in NaCl, KCl, KBr, and KI single crystals during high-temperature electrolysis. Crystals were heated to 450 to 600°C, subjected to constant electric fields, and characterized by current, reverse current, short-circuit potenti…
This study examines phase transformations in soap, hydrocarbon, and water systems relevant to the structure of consistent greases, using dielectric constant measurements as an independent diagnostic method. Calcium oleate in xylene, with varying water contents, was measured over frequencies from 1 k…
This paper addresses the construction and recognition of quadrature-free nomograms for equations of the form \(z = F(x,y)\), using Massau determinants for aligned-point nomograms. It derives algebraic procedures for determining the scale functions by comparing derivatives of the original equation wi…
This paper studies regularity for the Dirichlet problem for a uniformly elliptic second order differential equation in a bounded domain with sufficiently smooth boundary. Extending earlier results for Holder continuous data and for square integrable data, it considers right hand sides in \(L_p\) wit…
This paper studies a boundary value problem in a rectangle for a first order hyperbolic system equivalent to the vibrating string equation, with a linear boundary condition prescribed on the entire boundary. For rational side ratio, Sobolev’s method is extended by using closed reflected characterist…
Professor L. Janossy, well known to Soviet physicists for his experimental studies of cosmic radiation, devoted his article to further considerations on the interpretation of the Lorentz transformations. These considerations are presented rather unclearly and at length; let us attempt to outline the…
This study examines the mechanism of the A. E. Arbuzov rearrangement, focusing on whether aliphatic phosphites form intermediate phosphonium-type addition products during reaction with alkyl halides. Using physicochemical composition, property diagrams, the authors measured refractive index, density…
This paper reports syntheses of analogs of methylheptenone and methylheptadienone as intermediates for preparing analogs of natural isoprenoid compounds such as linalool, geraniol, citral, farnesol, and ionone. The authors prepare tertiary vinyl and acetylenic alcohols and convert them by several ro…
This study examines the influence of potassium, ammonium, barium, and magnesium perchlorates on styrene polymerization over a range of temperatures, prompted by the observation that styrene stored over anhydrous magnesium perchlorate formed polystyrene. Using sealed ampoules and stirred inert-gas re…
This note introduces strongly minimal surfaces, a class of even-dimensional minimal submanifolds of a Riemannian space defined by special relations between the second fundamental object and the metric tensor. It derives necessary tensorial conditions involving odd mean curvatures, observes that ordi…
This note extends a Chaplygin-type differential inequality theorem to the characteristic Cauchy problem for the hyperbolic equation \(u_{xy}=f(x,y,u,p,q)\), where data for \(u\) are prescribed on the intersecting characteristics \(x=x_0\) and \(y=y_0\). Under continuity, differentiability, and monot…
This note studies minimum-time control for a finite-dimensional linear differential system with one scalar control bounded in absolute value by one. Under a nondegeneracy condition excluding reduction to a lower-dimensional invariant subspace, it derives necessary equations for optimal controls and …
This paper studies binary error-correcting codes as subsets of the vector space over the field with two elements, with Hamming distance used to characterize correction of a fixed number of errors. It improves a known sufficient condition for constructing \(2^m\) codewords of length \(n=m+k\) and min…
The study examines the reaction of 1,4-dichlorobutanone-2 with potassium acetate in acetic acid and clarifies the pathway leading to 1-chloro-4-acetoxybutanone-2. Through trapping experiments with cyclopentadiene and 1,1′-dicyclohexenyl, as well as independent addition reactions of acids to chlorome…
This note proposes an approximate method for estimating the traffic-carrying capacity, or probability of refusal, of a group of connecting devices attached to the outputs of a two-link telephone switching system. The system is modeled with two switching stages and variable availability, where the nu…
This paper proves the combinatorial invariance of the reduced Pontryagin classes of smooth closed manifolds under homeomorphisms induced by isomorphisms of their \(C^1\)-triangulations, and derives equality of Pontryagin numbers for orientable manifolds with such triangulations. The proof reduces th…
This note generalizes a theorem of M. G. Krein on the growth of meromorphic functions representable as sums of simple fractions with prescribed summability conditions on poles and residues. Removing Krein’s assumption that the function has no zeros, it proves an asymptotic estimate for the Nevanlinn…
This paper proposes a mechanism for cation exchange in ion exchange resins based on ion association between fixed anionic groups and exchangeable cations, treating the process as an equilibrium between associated ion pairs and dissociated ions. The authors derive an expression for the exchange const…
This paper studies analytic continuation of principal solutions for a hyperbolic equation with a regular singular line and coefficients expandable in odd powers of the distance to that line. Using majorant principal solutions from a previously solved special case, it establishes existence, uniquenes…
This paper investigates the reaction of phenyl azide with salts of dialkyl phosphites as a test of the trivalent character and reactivity of phosphorus in these compounds. It reports that free dialkyl phosphites do not react with phenyl azide, whereas sodium and triethylammonium dialkyl phosphite sa…
This paper reports a one-stage method for replacing alcoholic hydroxyl groups with fluorine by treating alcohols with a sulfonyl fluoride and potassium fluoride. The authors propose and support a mechanism involving alcoholate formation, acylation to an alkyl sulfonate, and subsequent alkylation of …
This paper justifies two approximation procedures, the method of moments and a mixed collocation type method, for singular integral equations on the unit circle. It first treats the characteristic equation in Hilbert and related function spaces, using polynomial approximations and associated algebra…
This note studies the first boundary-value problem for quasilinear elliptic equations arising as Euler-Lagrange equations of variational functionals on bounded domains whose boundary may include lower-dimensional manifolds and points. Using Sobolev embedding for \(p>n\), lower semicontinuity, and un…
This paper reports photometric observations of twilight sky brightness in the near infrared, around 9400 Å, aimed at identifying possible atmospheric luminescent layers. Using an electrophotometer with an IKS-3 filter, the author analyzes observations from 1953 onward by comparing curves of the rela…
This paper gives a differential geometric characterization of complex-analytic real surfaces of dimension \(2n\) in Euclidean space \(R_{2N}\). Using the moving-frame formalism and an isometric correspondence with analytic \(n\)-dimensional surfaces in unitary space, it proves that such a surface is…
This study examines the polymerization behavior of unsaturated organogermanium compounds, a class for which prior synthesis and polymerization data were lacking. Mono-, di-, and tri-allylgermanes, as well as methallyl derivatives, were polymerized or copolymerized with methyl methacrylate under high…
This note applies methods of Levitan and Marchenko to the spectral matrix of a self-adjoint elasticity operator generated by the three-dimensional differential operation involving the elastic Laplacian on a bounded domain. Using the Cauchy problem for the elastic wave equation, its local integral re…
This paper proposes a metallochemical table of the chemical elements for classifying interactions between metals and between metals and metalloids in alloy formation. Using the periodic position, electronic structure, atomic and ionic radii, and structural similarity of elements, it distinguishes fa…
This note studies the possible rate of approximation of continuous functions by sequences of linear positive operators whose values are algebraic or trigonometric polynomials. It proves that, for algebraic polynomial operators on an interval, the basic test functions 1, t, and t squared cannot all b…
