SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25456 papers
This paper examines how to choose the geometry of laminated smoothing-filter chokes so as to minimize volume, active-material weight, cost, or overall size. It formulates the choke dimensions in nondimensional variables and derives generalized objective functions for shell-type and core-type constru…
The paper examines a winding arrangement intended to reduce electrodynamic forces in high-power two-winding transformers during external three-phase short circuits. It develops design relations for a transformer in which a two-layer low-voltage winding embraces the high-voltage winding, then combine…
This article extends a previously developed techno-economic optimization method for three-phase two-winding transformers to single-phase 110/10 kV substation transformers rated from 10.5 to 50 MVA without voltage regulation. It derives dimensional, thermal, electromagnetic, material-weight, loss, an…
This paper develops a technical and economic method for selecting optimal dimensions of high-power three-phase two-winding substation transformers with continuous disk or helical concentric windings. Starting from a calculated-cost function that includes manufacturing costs, operating losses, and sy…
This article develops a more rigorous techno-economic method for selecting the principal dimensions of three-phase two-winding transformers from specified power, core induction, short-circuit voltage, and permissible winding heat flux. It formulates total calculated cost as a function of active-mate…
This study examines factors governing the anodic peak depth in amalgam stripping polarography with preliminary accumulation on a mercury film electrode, a method intended for determining trace metal impurities at very low concentrations. Using zinc, cadmium, and lead waves as examples, the authors c…
A microanalytical procedure is described for determining chlorine and bromine in organic compounds after combustion of milligram samples in an oxygen flask. The method absorbs combustion products in alkaline sodium sulfite, oxidizes excess sulfite with hydrogen peroxide, and titrates the resulting h…
This paper describes the design and testing of an induction flow meter intended for measuring the volumetric flow of electrically conductive liquids in chemical and related industrial processes. The authors outline the operating principle, in which liquid motion through a magnetic field induces an e…
This paper describes a simple electrochemical sensor for approximate pH determination using pairs of solid electrodes without liquid junctions. Measurements showed that nickel, graphite, silicon carbide, and stainless steel electrodes maintain nearly constant potentials over a middle pH range, while…
This article describes the design and testing of a laboratory high-temperature furnace using a graphite tubular heater. Its main focus is the heater fastening assembly, which uses spring-loaded conical cast-iron bushings in brass current-carrying electrodes to provide reliable electrical contact, wa…
This paper proposes a method for using a hydrogen electrode in pH measurements without an external supply of purified hydrogen. The authors saturate a platinized platinum or palladium measuring electrode by electrolyzing the solution under investigation, using an auxiliary platinum electrode connect…
This paper proposes filtration rate as a practical indicator of wettability for fine-grained minerals, where direct contact angle measurement is difficult and capillary impregnation methods may give poorly reproducible results. Treating mineral pores as capillaries, the author argues that changes in…
This study examines how the moisture capacity of iron ore concentrates, a factor affecting agglomeration and pelletizing, depends on concentrate properties and fluxing additions. Capillary and maximum molecular moisture capacities were measured for several magnetite and hematite concentrates, then f…
This paper investigates the susceptibility of aqueous ferrous perchlorate solutions to oxidation by molecular oxygen, a subject not previously treated in the cited literature. Decimolar and centimolar solutions were exposed to oxygen at room temperature, with residual ferrous iron determined by perm…
This paper examines a conductometric method for determining hexavalent chromium in acid chromium plating bath electrolytes, where rapid monitoring is needed and conventional chemical analyses are comparatively laborious. The authors measured the resistance of diluted chromic acid solutions at 25 deg…
A mercurimetric procedure is presented for determining chloride in nickel plating bath electrolytes as an alternative to argentometric methods requiring silver nitrate. The method uses mercuric nitrate titration with a mixed diphenylcarbazone and beta-nitroso-alpha-naphthol indicator, and the author…
This paper presents a revised titrimetric method for determining trivalent chromium in acid chromium-plating bath electrolytes. The authors identify limitations in an existing procedure based on ammonium persulfate oxidation and Mohr’s salt titration, including incomplete oxidation and difficulty ju…
A titrimetric method is proposed for determining hexavalent chromium in acid chromium plating electrolytes, intended as a more accurate alternative to the conventional reduction with Mohr’s salt followed by permanganate back titration. The procedure reduces chromium(VI) with standardized hydrogen pe…
This paper addresses rapid analytical control of oxalic acid electrolytes used in anodizing baths, where aluminum, iron, and magnesium oxalates accumulate during operation and complicate assessment of free oxalic acid. The authors evaluate titrimetric and complexometric procedures, including permang…
This paper compares stilbazo and alberon as photometric reagents for determining trace aluminum, with particular attention to aluminum at 10^-4 to 10^-5 percent levels in high-purity tin. The authors refine measurement conditions using aluminum sulfate solutions, including pH, absorption maxima, rea…
A luminescent method is developed for determining trace aluminum in high-purity tin, addressing the limited sensitivity, reproducibility, and efficiency of existing chemical and spectral procedures. The procedure uses salicylal-ortho-aminophenol to form a fluorescent aluminum complex after decomposi…
This paper develops a photocolorimetric procedure for determining trace aluminum in high-purity tin using Eriochrome Cyanine. The authors optimize reagent stability, pH, color-development time, wavelength selection, and sample preparation, including tin decomposition with hydrochloric acid, hydrobro…
This paper develops a highly sensitive extraction colorimetric procedure for determining trace iron in high purity tin, comparing rhodanide, phenanthroline, and alpha,alpha prime dipyridyl methods. The authors investigate sample dissolution, removal or complexation of interfering tin, pH conditions,…
This paper examines the use of interferometric solution analysis for two-component systems in which the concentrations of reactant and product change simultaneously during reaction. Using an ITR-1 interferometer, calibration curves were constructed for chloride and bromide solutions of sodium, potas…
This paper develops a viscosity model for binary liquid mixtures in which stable intermolecular compounds form, treating such rational systems as mixtures of the two components and the compound as independent particles. Building on Stromberg’s theory, it derives composition dependent viscosity equat…
The study examines the electrical conductivity of binary mixtures of silicon tetrachloride with several aliphatic oxygen-containing compounds as a basis for detecting trace impurities in high-purity silicon tetrachloride by amalgam polarography with accumulation. Conductivity was measured by the Koh…
This study examines the use of amalgam polarography for determining microquantities of zinc and cadmium in 96.8 percent ethyl alcohol, using ammonium chloride as the supporting electrolyte and comparing the results with analogous aqueous measurements. Polarograms were recorded with a stationary merc…
This study examines how preconcentration and electrodissolution conditions affect the anodic stripping peak of lead in amalgam polarography. Using a mercury drop electrode and recording polarography, the authors measured peak height, peak area, half-peak width, and lead recovery as functions of lead…
This study examines anomalous double and broadened anodic peaks observed during the amalgam stripping polarographic determination of copper in alkaline and carbonate supporting electrolytes. Using a stationary mercury drop or film electrode, electrode transfer between electrolytes, potential stoppin…
This paper develops a simplified amalgam accumulation polarographic method for determining trace antimony in high-purity tin without the previously used extraction separation. The authors compare the anodic peak behavior of antimony, copper, bismuth, and tin in several supporting electrolytes and id…
This paper develops a sensitive procedure for determining trace bismuth in high-purity tin using amalgam polarography with accumulation. The authors compare acidic supporting electrolytes, select 0.25 M hydrochloric acid as a suitable background for a stable bismuth wave, and remove the tin matrix b…
An improved rapid procedure is described for determining trace copper in high-purity indium by amalgam accumulation polarography without separating the indium matrix. The authors reduce analysis time by shortening nitrogen purging to three minutes, modifying sample heating and evaporation conditions…
This study examines the formation and composition of intermetallic compounds in mercury amalgams, focusing on gallium with copper and gold with cadmium, a question relevant to amalgam metallurgy and trace analysis by accumulation polarography. Using amalgam accumulation polarography with controlled …
This study addresses the poor reliability of stationary mercury drop electrodes with platinum contacts in amalgam accumulation polarography, particularly for determining trace copper in high-purity indium. The authors examine how platinum surface quality affects residual currents, anomalous serratio…
This paper describes the development of a high-resolution polarograph intended to improve the resolving power of amalgam polarography with accumulation while retaining its high sensitivity for trace analysis. The instrument adds an electronic attachment to OP-1 or OP-2 oscillographic polarographs, a…
This paper examines anodic peak constants used in calculation-based amalgam polarography with preliminary accumulation. Experiments on a stationary mercury-drop electrode determined anodic peak constants, half-peak widths, enrichment factors, current ratios, and related quantities for several metal …
This paper analyzes the sensitivity limits of amalgam polarography with accumulation for determining trace impurities in high-purity materials, with particular attention to mercury film and hanging mercury drop electrodes. It derives expressions relating the minimum determinable impurity content to …
This paper develops a theoretical description of completely irreversible electrode processes at a stationary spherical mercury drop electrode subjected to a linearly varying potential, motivated by amalgam polarography with accumulation. Using spherical diffusion equations, boundary conditions for i…
The paper derives an expression for the anodic peak current in a reversible electrode process at a stationary spherical mercury amalgam electrode, explicitly accounting for electrode curvature and finite drop volume. Using Fick’s second law in spherical coordinates, operational methods, boundary con…
This study examines how 1.25 MeV gamma irradiation affects the aging behavior of quenched Cu with 2.5 percent Be beryllium bronze, a topic less studied than neutron irradiation effects. Aging was assessed by high precision measurements of electrical resistance at liquid nitrogen temperature for an i…
This paper presents a petrographic study of the compositionally differentiated Mt. Maly Karatag intrusive massif in Gornaya Shoria, based on field and petrological work carried out in 1961. It describes the massif’s morphology, geological setting, inferred stock-like form, and phased emplacement his…
This paper describes an electrolytic method for structural etching of iron-containing sulfides in polished ore sections, extending a procedure commonly used for pyrite to arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Using a 25 to 30 percent ammonia electrolyte and a low-voltage battery circuit, the m…
This study examines Cambrian carbonate rocks from several Sayan-Altai sections in order to distinguish lithological types, describe their composition and structure, infer aspects of genesis, and assess minor element distribution. Petrographic and chemical analyses identify biohermal limestones, clas…
This paper examines arsenic-bearing waters in the Kharadzhul-Butrakhta ore field of the Western Sayan, where hydrogeochemical surveys found arsenic concentrations ranging from hundredths of a milligram per liter to 5 mg/l across surface waters, springs, boreholes, and adits. The author relates these…
This paper presents a petrographic study of the Borodino seam in the Irsha-Borodino deposit of the Kansk brown coal basin, based on macroscopic trench observations and microscopic examination of coal constituents. Seven bed-by-bed seam columns were used to trace the distribution of petrographic type…
This paper presents and evaluates a prospecting method for blind ore bodies based on endogenous dispersion of ore material into post-ore magmatic veins, especially dikes that cut mineral deposits. The authors combine theoretical discussion, furnace experiments on ore mineral assimilation by diabase …
This paper examines the structure and morphology of loess deposits on the western slope of the Tom-Yaya interfluve, emphasizing their relevance for engineering-geological properties and for interpreting depositional history. Using visual inspection, binocular magnification, thin-section microscopy, …
This paper examines the relationship between magnetic anomalies and sulfide-quartz-carbonate gold-bearing veins at a Transbaikalian deposit where electrical methods had previously been emphasized. Using geological observations, magnetic susceptibility data, comparison with spontaneous-potential and …
This paper evaluates the use of hydrogeochemical investigations as part of integrated geological prospecting in Tomsk Oblast, based on work conducted from 1956 onward in combination with geological mapping, drilling, heavy-mineral analysis, metallometry, and geophysical surveys. It describes samplin…
This paper addresses the problem of defining hydrogeochemical background values and distinguishing them from aqueous dispersion flows associated with mineralization zones. After reviewing commonly used graphical and comparative procedures, the authors argue that these methods contain substantial sub…
