SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25456 papers
The paper introduces and studies anisotropic function spaces defined by finite differences with fractional smoothness indices, including variants of Besov type and simultaneous spaces formed by intersecting over coordinate subsets. It proves direct embedding theorems for derivatives of functions in …
This study examines how monomer, solvent polarity, and alkali metal counterion affect active centers in anionic and anionic coordination polymerization initiated by potassium organic compounds. Polymerization kinetics and polymer molecular weights were measured for styrene, butadiene, isoprene, and …
A theoretical method is developed for calculating the electromotive force of galvanic cells with molten salt electrolytes, using the beryllium, beryllium chloride in molten potassium chloride, chlorine cell as an example. The calculation expresses cell potentials through Gibbs energies and estimates…
The paper studies criteria for unconditional bases in complex Banach spaces, using biorthogonal functionals and properties of subseries and coefficient transforms. It proves that a basis is unconditional exactly when every subsequence spans a complemented subspace, and gives equivalent formulations …
This study compares proton and deuteron magnetic relaxation in aqueous chromium(III) nitrate solutions to test whether the anomalous temperature dependence of proton relaxation is governed by hydrogen exchange in the first hydration shell. Longitudinal and transverse relaxation times were measured b…
This paper examines how small compositional gradients can modify the adiabatic temperature gradient in the Earth’s mantle, particularly in relation to the low-velocity layer at depths of about 50 to 200 km. Using a thermodynamic stability argument for the adiabatic exchange of neighboring mantle ele…
The paper studies reversibility for a variant of Turing machines, distinguishing reversible machines, which have no merging reachable configurations, from completely reversible machines, which have no merging configurations at all. It introduces complete equivalence with respect to an alphabet and p…
This study examines the high-temperature synthesis of normal tungstates of yttrium, lanthanum, and the lanthanoids, compounds previously little characterized beyond a few cerium-group examples. Rare-earth oxides or carbonates were reacted with tungsten trioxide over controlled temperature ranges, an…
This paper develops a thermodynamic approach for estimating the concentration dependence of component activities in simple binary oxide solid solutions of the MeO type. Starting from a regular-solution expression for the free energy of mixing, the authors derive activity formulas containing a single…
This study examines photocatalytic oxidation of adsorbed organic molecules on ZnO, TiO2, gamma-Al2O3, and SiO2 using infrared absorption spectra of surface species and, where possible, gas-phase products. Isopropanol, methanol, heptane, and methane were irradiated with near-ultraviolet light in oxyg…
A method is described for synthesizing 1,2,3-triazoles bearing electron-acceptor substituents through the reaction of activated acetylenes with sodium azide in dimethylformamide, avoiding the use of explosive hydrazoic acid. Ethynyl ketones, phenylpropiolic acid nitrile, and its ester reacted readil…
This study examines the radiolysis of ammonia adsorbed on 4A zeolite under gamma irradiation at liquid nitrogen temperature, using electron paramagnetic resonance to identify radicals and follow their dependence on surface coverage. The spectra show that irradiation produces adsorbed NH2 radicals, w…
This study examines the tautomerism of tetrahydrofurfuryl bromide and its behavior under Grignard synthesis conditions. Spectroscopic evidence, especially a weak infrared absorption band at 1715 cm-1, indicates that the compound exists in equilibrium between a predominant cyclic form and a linear ca…
The paper addresses the slow convergence of successive approximation methods for solving linear systems of the form x = Bx + b when the norm of B is close to one or high accuracy is required. It derives a transformation of the finite matrix geometric sum appearing after n iterations, factoring it in…
This note studies infinite groups through conditions imposed on their infinite subgroups, focusing on three equivalences concerning minimality, normalizers, and complemented subgroups. It proves that, for several classes including locally soluble nonabelian groups and locally finite groups with norm…
This paper studies strong equivalence of Gaussian measures on function spaces generated by real separable processes with stationary Gaussian increments and zero mean. Using likelihood ratios for finite-dimensional increment vectors, covariance matrices, and trace criteria, it formulates necessary an…
This paper reports preliminary experiments on optical ranging of the Moon using a ruby optical quantum generator and a 2.6 m telescope as a combined transmitting and receiving system. The authors describe the apparatus, including beam matching, filtering, photomultiplier detection, timed oscilloscop…
This paper studies the Shannon function for realizing arbitrary Boolean functions of n variables by circuits whose gates are threshold elements, each counted with unit weight. It develops geometric estimates for the number of functions obtainable from threshold functions applied to vectors of Boolea…
This paper studies integral operators of potential type with kernels of the form a negative power of the metric on bounded subsets of a complete metric space equipped with abstract absolutely continuous measures. It introduces a measure-dependent notion of dimension, defined through estimates for th…
This paper examines how rapid diffusion of point defects along dislocation lines can influence plastic deformation, using transmission electron microscopy observations of single-crystal zinc foils. The authors describe interactions between moving dislocations in pyramidal slip planes and prismatic v…
This study examines the synthesis and characterization of new complex compounds of tetravalent palladium, whose known chemistry was limited by difficult preparation and instability in solution. Tetramminepalladium(IV) chloride, [Pd(NH3)4Cl2]Cl2, was prepared by chlorination of solid [Pd(NH3)4]Cl2 in…
This study examines the preparation and reactions of new monocyclopentadienyl titanium phenyl derivatives, focusing on chlorine replacement in cyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride. Reactions with diphenylmercury and especially phenyllithium indicate formation of cyclopentadienyltriphenyltitanium, a …
This paper investigates whether liquids adsorbed on newly formed solid surfaces undergo mechano-chemical dissociation during fine grinding. Pre-calcined powders of quartz, graphite, calcite, and corundum were ground with water or organic liquids, then evacuated and heated to measure gases released, …
This study examines whether inhibitors of free-radical chain reactions can act as radioprotective agents by accepting radicals formed in organisms after irradiation. A series of sterically hindered phenols, amino derivatives, polyphenols, and substituted hydroxypyridines were administered to mice be…
The study examines how additive cations influence selective etching and etch pit formation on KBr and NaCl crystals in an isopropyl alcohol and water base. Experiments with PbBr2, CuCl2, BaBr2, and oleic acid show that pit orientation and shape depend on the balance between dissolution, associated w…
This study examines rare-earth element oxides as catalysts for several organic syntheses, including ketone formation from acids, esterification, and cyclohexanol dehydration. Using an automated flow apparatus, oxides of neodymium, erbium, praseodymium, lanthanum, cerium, and related elements were de…
The paper studies smooth compactly supported functions from Euclidean space to the real line whose highest derivatives satisfy a Hölder condition, focusing on the topology of level sets outside components associated with critical points. It introduces “rings,” connected regions on which the function…
This note develops an analogue of the Wick, Bloch, and de Dominicis theorem for statistical averages of products of Pauli operators with respect to a free Hamiltonian. Using the Pauli operator commutation relations and elementary identities for thermal traces, the authors derive recursive formulas t…
Spin-lattice and spin-spin electron relaxation were measured in aqueous vanadyl salt solutions with varying acid content, in aqueous-glycerol mixtures, and in powders of vanadyl chloride and vanadyl sulfate. Increasing hydrochloric acid concentration was found to shorten the spin-lattice relaxation …
This paper investigates the mutual influence of terminal Si, O bonds and bridging Si, O, Si bonds in model disiloxane compounds of the type XO(CH3)2SiOSi(CH3)2OX, where X is H, Li, Na, or K. Infrared spectra are analyzed with the aid of a simplified five atom vibrational model to interpret shifts in…
This paper investigates the chromium, molybdenum binary system, for which earlier studies gave conflicting conclusions about solid-state solubility. Fifteen alloys prepared from high-purity components were examined after extensive annealing by differential thermal analysis, X-ray structural analysis…
This note proves a Phragmen-Lindelof type uniqueness and boundedness theorem for nonnegative harmonic functions in spatial domains contained in an infinite rectangular cylinder. Using only properties of subharmonic and logarithmically subharmonic functions, rather than Dirichlet series or Fourier tr…
This paper studies G. Fichera’s boundary value problem for second order degenerate elliptic-parabolic equations with nonnegative characteristic form in a bounded domain. It formulates generalized solutions using an adjoint integral identity and analyzes the boundary decomposition determined by the d…
The study examines the reaction of sodium diethylphosphite with 1,2-dibromocyclohexane and 1,2-dibromoethane, focusing on the phosphorus-containing products formed alongside cyclohexene or ethylene. The authors isolate and characterize product fractions by distillation, analytical constants, infrare…
This paper examines low-temperature polymerization of vinyl chloride initiated by reactions between organometallic compounds, especially aluminum alkyls, and halogens. Experiments with chlorine introduced into liquid vinyl chloride containing triethylaluminum showed immediate formation of polyvinyl …
This study examines the direct interaction of anhydrous hydrazine vapors with solid layers of porphin dyes and related pigments using ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy under vacuum and vapor exposure. Comparing spectral changes for protoporphyrin, hematoporphyrin, hemin, hematin, chlor…
This paper examines how hydrostatic pressure affects the deformation resistance and strength of several polymer materials, including vinyl plastic, Plexiglas, aminoplast, and ebonite. Tensile and compression tests were carried out in a high-pressure chamber at atmospheric pressure and at 2000 kg/cm²…
This paper examines whether the detonation front in a transparent liquid explosive is smooth or exhibits inhomogeneous regimes such as spin or pulsating detonation. The authors use streak photography of specular light reflection from the moving detonation front in mixtures of concentrated nitric aci…
The paper analyzes Riemann, or simple, waves in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics for a nonviscous, non-heat-conducting, perfectly conducting medium. Using auxiliary gas variables, it reformulates the relativistic MHD equations for two equations of state and derives the governing relations for one-d…
This paper applies the thermodynamics of irreversible processes to electrokinetic phenomena in electrolytes, with particular attention to diffusion effects in electroosmosis, electrophoresis, capillary osmosis, and diffusiophoresis. Starting from entropy production for isothermal electrolyte flow th…
This study examines the light-induced decomposition of ferrocene derivatives, extending earlier observations of iron-carbon bond cleavage in positively substituted ferrocenyl compounds. The authors synthesize and characterize alpha-quinolylferrocene, its methyl iodide salt, and related products, the…
The study examines the internal photoeffect and photosemiconducting behavior of several newly synthesized acetylene polymers containing phenyl, anthracene, nitrophenyl, naphthyl, and ether-linked structural units. Photovoltaic response and transverse photoconductivity were measured in air and vacuum…
This paper reconsiders the crystallographic symmetry assigned to benzene and related cyclic compounds of formula C2nH2n. Starting from Hückel’s assumptions about regular planar carbon and hydrogen polygons and equivalent atoms, it argues that the unpaired pi-electrons may be arranged alternately abo…
Formal oxidation reduction potentials were determined for a series of heteroannular disubstituted ferrocenes under conditions previously used for monosubstituted analogues, in order to assess how substituents in different cyclopentadienyl rings affect oxidation at the iron center. The measured poten…
This paper addresses the selection of voltage, frequency, and time settings for automatic islanding devices at high-pressure thermal power plants connected to weak intersystem ties. It develops a graphical and analytical method based on the operating behavior of station auxiliary equipment, especial…
This paper examines automatic dividing devices for thermal power stations, motivated by the risk that frequency and voltage declines during power deficits or loss of stability can disrupt station auxiliaries. Using a representative station electrical connection scheme, it compares separation variant…
This paper develops a probabilistic method for calculating the average and root-mean-square currents of traction substations, feeders, and railway sections under randomly varying railway traffic loads. Starting from train current, train location, and supply scheme parameters, it derives formulas tha…
This article proposes a protection method for sustained earth faults in compensated networks by superimposing a 25 Hz control current through an auxiliary coil connected in series with the arc suppression coil. Using harmonic balance and an equivalent parametric amplifier model, it derives condition…
This paper develops a calculation method for a three-phase transistor bridge inverter with parallel capacitive compensation, focusing on the selection of filter inductance and compensating capacitance. Using an equivalent three-phase system of stepped electromotive forces and operational calculus, i…
This paper addresses the selection of the optimal air gap in smoothing filter chokes, where simplified engineering formulas that neglect flux bulging and leakage can produce appreciable errors at higher ampere turns. It develops a calculation procedure using a fictitious gap coefficient that combine…
