SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This study examines the spectrum produced by aluminum powder burning in oxygen in order to clarify excitation processes in AlO molecules and assess equilibrium conditions in the aluminum flame. The authors photographed the flame spectrum, measured AlO band intensities, calculated vibrational transit…
This article examines why cutting forces differ when rock is cut along a free surface, at an edge, or under face conditions. Using elasticity theory, stress distribution around the cutter is modeled for asymmetric loading, and formulas are derived relating horizontal cutting force to penetration dep…
This paper examines rock failure during indentation by a moving cutter, treating cutting as the chipping of rock elements under elastic stress fields. Using elasticity theory, photoelastic observations, and geometric analysis of wedge-shaped punches, the authors derive relations for the fracture ang…
This paper reconsiders rock cutting in drilling as the continuous penetration of a moving wedge under simultaneous axial and circumferential forces, rather than as separate indentation and shearing stages. Using elasticity theory and photoelastic experiments on transparent model materials, it derive…
This paper analyzes sources of energy spread and instability in the extracted electron beam of a 10 MeV betatron using electrostatic extraction. It derives and discusses how betatron oscillations, finite extraction time, supply voltage and frequency variations, and the deflecting capacitor affect th…
A sector-type double-focusing magnetic beta spectrometer is described for measuring electron energy distributions in studies of electron and bremsstrahlung interactions with matter, particularly where high luminosity is needed for weak transmitted or backscattered beams. The paper presents the magne…
This paper examines parameter selection for an extremum regulator intended to maintain maximum gamma radiation intensity in a betatron, particularly under industrial operating conditions. The authors construct an MN-7 analog electronic model of the regulator, including elements that simulate pulsed …
This paper examines secondary zonation and possible supergene gold enrichment in quartz sulfide gold veins of the Mariinskaya taiga in the Kuznetsk Alatau, focusing on the Tsentralnoye, Berikulskoye, and Komsomolskoye deposits. Using mine sampling data from workings at multiple depths, the study com…
This paper describes the use of a Minsk-1 digital computer to study self-oscillations and stability limits of a three-phase synchronous reluctance motor by the frequency method. Starting from torque equations that separate synchronizing and asynchronous components, the authors formulate the stabilit…
This article describes an improved photoelectronic device for rapid measurement of carbon content in ash from thermal power plants burning high volatile hard coals. The main measuring circuit compares light reflected from an unknown ash sample with a rotating set of standards, while an added air per…
This study examines the influence of ultrasonic vibrations on the crystallization of ShKh15 tool steel, a high-melting alloy for which effective ultrasonic treatment is technically difficult. Steel ingots were cast in metal and ceramic molds, with ultrasound introduced from below through concentrato…
This paper proposes a calculation method for cutting forces in face milling that separates the total force into components acting on the rake face and the flank face of the tool. It argues that conventional empirical power-law formulas are insufficient because they combine forces of different physic…
The paper examines the use of a Minsk-1 digital computer for techno-economic optimization of three-phase power transformers with continuous and helical windings. It formulates systems of design equations, selects independent variables, and applies Gauss-Seidel and successive-approximation procedures…
A photoelectronic device is described for measuring the specific surface area of nonporous powdered materials in the range of 160 to 3500 cm²/g. The instrument determines the time required for a fixed volume of air to pass through a powder layer of constant thickness under standardized pouring condi…
This paper examines approximate methods for calculating two-dimensional steady temperature fields in windings and cores of electrical machines, modeled as bodies with anisotropic thermal conductivity, distributed heat generation, and convective boundary conditions. Using a rectangular bar as the ref…
This paper develops equivalent thermal circuits for bodies with internal heat generation and one-dimensional stationary temperature fields, motivated by heating calculations for electrical machines. Starting from the heat-conduction differential equation, it derives boundary-condition-independent ci…
This paper examines the selection of rotor winding parameters for pulsed, or shock, generators where low electromotive-force pulsations and controlled harmonic content are required, especially for accelerator supply applications. Using theoretical harmonic analysis and experimental measurements on m…
This paper proposes a method for using hardness measurements to reconstruct plastic stress and deformation states in work-hardening bodies. Taking the hardness-derived intensity of shear stress as a known spatial function, it formulates governing equations by combining the Mises condition, equilibri…
This paper develops and uses an analog-computer mathematical model for studying the joint operation of a pulsed power generator and a capacitor bank feeding an inductive load, including active resistances and unequal generator and load inductances. The model reproduces the switching stages automatic…
This paper addresses parallel conversion of binary digital codes into analog voltage for automated electric drive control systems. It develops an engineering calculation method for an exact parallel code to voltage converter that incorporates load resistance and required signal amplitude, deriving w…
This review examines methods for automatic monitoring, fault detection, and fault localization in complex electronic systems, with particular attention to digital computers. It outlines the general structure of automatic control systems, compares fault-search strategies based on information measures…
The paper examines the economic and technical problem of reducing downtime in electronic digital computers caused by sudden failures, especially the time required to locate faulty modules. It reviews limitations of built-in automatic checking, test-control procedures, diagnostic tests, and schemes u…
The paper examines the design of recording devices for spatially distributed technological parameters when continuous field profiles must be reconstructed from readings of equally spaced point sensors. It proposes representing the distribution by trigonometric interpolation polynomials and describes…
This paper addresses the choice of sensor spacing for recording one-dimensional spatially distributed parameters when a continuous field is reconstructed from uniformly spaced discrete readings. It develops a criterion for the boundary spatial quantization interval by equating the interpolation erro…
This paper examines the compensation of stray magnetic fields in external injection systems for cyclic accelerators, focusing on particle motion in plane and cylindrical inflectors with segmented electrodes. Approximate trajectory equations are derived for both capacitor geometries and implemented o…
This paper describes the use of analog electronic modeling to calculate and tune particle trajectories in injection channels of cyclic accelerators, where beam-shaping systems can require repeated solution of differential equations across multiple optical sections. Using the MNV-1 or MNB-1 analog ma…
This paper describes an extremal regulator for controlling betatron radiation intensity when the optimal injection pulse phase is not known in advance and may vary. The proposed system uses forced scanning of the input coordinate, peak memory of the radiation signal, comparison with the current sign…
This paper examines automatic extremum control of betatron radiation intensity for applications requiring either maximum output or operation at a prescribed intensity level. It argues that injection voltage is unsuitable as an extremal control variable within the operating range, since intensity inc…
This paper examines how the thickness of a neutron converting screen affects film optical density and image blurring in photographic neutron detection. Using cadmium as the converter, the authors develop a segmented calculation method that estimates the contribution of secondary gamma radiation from…
This paper examines the use of isotope scintillation methods for nondestructive flaw detection in materials and industrial products, especially where conventional radiography becomes inefficient for large steel thicknesses. It analyzes the energy spectrum of cobalt-60 gamma radiation after passage t…
A scintillation spectrometer with a NaI(Tl) crystal was designed to study the spectral composition of X-ray radiation transmitted through and scattered by absorbers relevant to radiation flaw detection. The instrument used lead and steel collimation, lead shielding, a selected FEU-24 photomultiplier…
This paper examines how the height and surface treatment of cylindrical NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) scintillation crystals affect relative light output in radiation flaw detection. Using an experimental setup with a URPO-70-4 X-ray tube, photomultiplier detection, and measurements normalized for changes in …
A total-absorption scintillation spectrometer was developed for measuring bremsstrahlung from a 30 MeV betatron and for studying its passage through different materials. The paper describes the instrument layout, including lead and boron shielding, a collimator, an NaI(Tl) crystal with an FEU-49A ph…
This paper examines how the dimensions of a NaI(Tl) scintillation crystal affect registration efficiency in betatron flaw detection, where pulsed bremsstrahlung is measured behind an absorber. The authors distinguish interaction efficiency from registration efficiency and use Monte Carlo calculation…
This paper examines how gamma and bremsstrahlung spectra are transformed by absorbers and scintillation detectors in radiation flaw detection. Drawing on published data and the authors’ measurements over energies from X-ray apparatuses, radioactive isotopes, and betatrons, it analyzes transmission s…
This paper addresses the nonuniform spatial distribution of radiation defects in solids, especially high local concentrations of color centers that are not fully explained by prevailing vacancy formation mechanisms. It proposes that such nonuniformity follows from the discrete, localized deposition …
The paper investigates the kinetics of accumulation of F-centers and complex electron color centers in alkali halide single crystals irradiated at room temperature with 5 MeV protons. Using optical absorption measurements for several crystals and variable proton beam intensities, the authors compare…
This paper reports experiments on natural-convective heat transfer in an enclosed cylindrical volume when an internal cylindrical heat source is displaced vertically from the center. Motivated by the expected change in relative convective and conductive regions around the heater, the authors measure…
This paper presents a simplified computational method for factoring a third degree characteristic equation with positive coefficients, under the usual Routh Hurwitz stability condition and assuming no multiple roots. The equation is represented as a product of a first order and a second order factor…
Experiments were conducted to assess how a suspended solid phase deforms the vertical velocity profile in horizontal pneumatic conveying. Using a calibrated pneumometric tube in a 124.8 mm pipe, the authors measured velocity distributions for wheat and quartz sand at varying concentrations, transpor…
The paper examines the kinetics of wet steam condensation during expansion in a turbine stage and argues that existing treatments based on one-sided droplet growth do not capture the physical character of adiabatic phase formation. Using thermodynamic relations for isentropic pressure drops and phas…
This paper reports experimental investigations of a specially designed air-flow model with two counter-rotating axial impellers, undertaken to assess the feasibility, performance, and design parameters of such machines and to check calculation methods for counter-rotating axial stages. Tests varied …
This paper examines why tests of the same SVM-5m axial auxiliary ventilation fan produced markedly different performance characteristics on factory and laboratory stands. Comparing results from the Tomsk Electromechanical Plant, TsAGI, and Tomsk Polytechnic Institute, the authors argue that the disc…
This paper reports an experimental study of heat transfer from a vertical row of horizontal tubes under natural convection in air. A heated tube bundle model with adjustable vertical pitch was tested over pitch to diameter ratios from 1.5 to 4.0, with electrical power input, tube temperatures, ambie…
This paper analyzes the temperature field produced in a long cylindrical workpiece during drilling, modeling the drill contact as a point heat source moving along the cylinder axis at constant speed. Using a moving coordinate system, the nonstationary heat conduction problem is reduced to a quasi-st…
This paper develops a calculation method for the aeromechanical resistance of the air-cooling channel in a betatron magnetizing winding, where significant Joule heating requires forced ventilation. Starting from the temperature field in a rectangular insulated bar winding with constant effective the…
This paper examines the operation of oil filled power transformers under severe Arctic cooling, where low air temperature is accompanied by high wind velocity and possible cessation of oil circulation in external cooling tubes. Using a TM 100/6 transformer as an example, the authors compare standard…
The paper addresses the calculation of maximum heating in direct current shunts subjected to overload currents, a quantity needed for assessing thermal stability and resistance stability in manganin elements. It develops a one dimensional transient heat conduction model for shunt plates, justified b…
This paper derives an exact steady state solution for the temperature field in an infinitely long rectangular bar with anisotropic thermal conductivity and uniform internal heat generation, with convective heat transfer from all faces. By transforming the anisotropic heat equation to an equivalent i…
This paper presents experimental measurements of power dissipation for additional resistor coils used in electrical measuring instruments under free convection. Fifty six resistor specimens on standardized frames were tested, with winding surface temperature measured by thermocouples and electrical …
