SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper examines chip formation during cutting of the low-ductility titanium alloy VT3-1, focusing on the transition from continuous to segmented chips and the limitations of conventional chip shrinkage as a process characteristic. Using chip-root microsections obtained by instantaneous stopping,…
This study examines phase transformations in the near-tool layer of chips produced during turning of hardened ShKh-15 steel, focusing on the effects of cutting parameters and initial workpiece structure. More than 200 chip microsections were evaluated metallographically across varied cutting speeds,…
This paper examines whether a single flow curve can describe plastic deformation in both metal cutting and compression, a question important for deriving cutting stresses and forces from static material tests. The authors compare brass L62 under low speed cutting and compression, using force measure…
The paper addresses the problem of determining chip deformation in milling, where chip thickness varies continuously along the tooth contact arc and earlier methods for estimating shrinkage are judged insufficiently accurate or impractical. It proposes a marking method in which segments are applied …
This paper examines why shear stresses in high-speed metal cutting may decrease or remain unchanged with increasing deformation, unlike in microspeed cutting. Experiments on several steels and brass used chip roots with a coordinate grid, microhardness measurements, and computer calculation of defor…
This study examines hardfacing alloys for percussion-cable drill bits, focusing on abrasive wear under impact loading and the need to restore worn cutting edges without reducing service life. Macrostructure, microstructure, and physicomechanical properties were evaluated for deposits made with U35Kh…
This study examines whether accelerated high-temperature tempering affects the cutting life of tools made from R9 high-speed steel. Cutters produced from a single steel bar were hardened under identical conditions, then subjected to conventional triple tempering at 560°C or equivalent short-duration…
This study examines whether conventional triple tempering of hardened high-speed steels can be replaced by shorter tempering cycles at elevated temperatures without reducing cutting performance. Equivalent short-term regimes were selected by matching the magnetic properties of steels after accelerat…
This paper compares methods for selecting short-term tempering regimes for hardened R18 high-speed steel that are equivalent to conventional triple tempering at 560°C for 60 minutes. The author evaluates exponential temperature, time relations derived from magnetic-property measurements against a ha…
This study examines how molybdenum affects the structure, heat resistance, and mechanical properties of cast hot die steels, including additional alloying of 5KhNV and 4Kh8V2 steels and partial or complete replacement of tungsten by molybdenum in 4Kh2V8 type compositions. Experimental heats were ind…
This study examines the mechanical properties of cast Kh6VF tool steel for woodworking cutter blanks produced in shell molds, focusing on the effects of carbon content, heat treatment, pouring temperature, and titanium or boron modification. Cast and forged specimens were tested for hardness, bendin…
This study examines how alloying additions and cooling conditions affect the microstructure and properties of cast iron, cobalt, and tungsten alloys subjected to additional quenching after casting. Using comparative observations of quenched alloys with additions such as molybdenum and vanadium, the …
This paper examines how additional quenching after casting affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of ternary iron, cobalt, and tungsten dispersion-hardening cutting alloys. Using alloys with varied cobalt and tungsten contents, quenched from 1300°C in oil or water, it compares as-cast …
This article examines how chemical composition, phase transformations, and casting conditions affect the microstructure and cutting-related properties of cast dispersion-hardening iron-cobalt-tungsten alloys. Using a schematic ternary phase diagram and prior solubility and phase-stability arguments,…
This study examines how molybdenum, tungsten, and carbon affect phase alloying in cast quenched molybdenum and molybdenum tungsten high speed steels. Steels with varied carbon and molybdenum contents were melted, cast, quenched, and subjected to carbide analysis to determine the distribution of allo…
This study examines how carbon, tungsten, vanadium, and chromium contents affect phase composition, carbide formation, and alloying of the solid solution in high-speed steels. Twenty-one experimental steels were induction melted, quenched or triple tempered at 560°C, and analyzed by electrolytic car…
This study examines how carbide inhomogeneity and fiber orientation affect the resistance of high-chromium die steel Kh12 to impact-fatigue fracture, a loading condition relevant to blanking die service. Specimens cut from different radial positions of 150 mm rolled stock, and in longitudinal or tra…
This paper examines criteria for evaluating pitting and spalling damage on the working tooth surfaces of helical gears, arguing that existing failure criteria are often subjective and difficult to compare. It reviews several approaches used by prior researchers, then describes an experimental method…
The paper addresses how peripheral speed should be accounted for when calculating high-speed gear transmissions for contact endurance of tooth working surfaces. Drawing on tests of gears with varied geometry, tooth-surface hardness, and accuracy in the range of 20 to 60 m/sec, it proposes an approxi…
This study examines the bending fracture strength of worn spur gear teeth, a condition often permitted in service but insufficiently treated in prior fatigue studies of unworn gears. Using hardened steel gears from an ER-5 mining electric drill gearbox, the authors combine geometric stress calculati…
This paper examines how the design and operating principle of air distribution systems affect the vibration and energy characteristics of handheld pneumatic percussion machines. Using an analytical method based on pressure indicator diagrams and the theorem of motion under a time-dependent force, th…
This paper examines aerodynamic pressure losses in pneumatic hammers, treating compressed air losses in hoses, starting devices, and air distribution systems as a combination of frictional and local resistances. The authors combine standard hydraulic resistance calculations with experimental measure…
The paper examines parameter selection for hydraulic drives with outlet throttle speed control, focusing on loss of operability caused by self-oscillations under a falling load characteristic and elastic hydraulic connections. Using a linearized second-order model for piston velocity and back pressu…
This paper examines preliminary displacement in contacts whose frictional properties are anisotropic, where the displacement vector need not be opposite to or collinear with the shearing force. It develops a work-based geometrical model using the hodograph of limiting shearing forces, approximated b…
This paper examines energy dissipation in rough elastic contacts under tangential loading below the limiting friction force, where small preliminary displacements arise from deformation of surface asperities. Modeling the contact as a set of spherical asperities and applying Mindlin’s solution for c…
This paper examines how metal hardness changes under nonmonotonic plastic loading and whether hardness measurements can still be used to infer stress states when loading direction changes or unloading is partly plastic. Experiments on steels using torsion, torsion after tension, compression after te…
This paper extends a previously developed method for determining stresses in plastic regions from hardness distributions to rapid plastic deformation processes, where inertial mass forces may affect the equations of motion. For plane strain, the authors formulate the stress determination problem usi…
This study investigates how preliminary complex loading at constant stress intensity affects the shape and transformation of subsequent yield surfaces in strain-hardening materials. Tubular specimens of 40Kh steel, U8 steel, and D1T duralumin were tested under biaxial tension produced by axial loadi…
This paper examines the common plasticity assumption that the directing tensors, principal directions, and deviators of stress and strain coincide or are similar. It formulates the work of an elastic plastic deformation process in terms of principal stresses, principal elongations, and their relativ…
This paper analyzes a machine-valve frequency converter intended to maintain constant alternating-current frequency in autonomous power systems with variable shaft speed. Under assumptions of sinusoidal symmetrical generator voltages, ideal valves, and instantaneous commutation, the authors use swit…
This paper examines which design and technological parameters most affect the stability of technical characteristics in AR-series asynchronous roller-table motors. Using accuracy theory, equivalent-circuit relationships, and matrix calculations of influence coefficients for 38 motor frame sizes, the…
This paper analyzes the synthesis of multilevel stepped output voltages for semiconductor converters when a sinusoidal waveform is desired without relying primarily on output filtering. It derives expressions for the rms voltage, Fourier harmonic components, harmonic coefficient, and form factor, th…
The paper analyzes the harmonic composition of the output voltage of a direct-link machine-valve frequency converter based on cyclic connection of synchronous generator windings to a load. Under assumptions of ideal valves, sinusoidal symmetrical generator voltages, active load, integer input-to-out…
This paper examines distortion of the output voltage and current in a ferromagnetic frequency divider with hard excitation and division by three. Using experimental oscillograms and graphical Fourier harmonic analysis, it relates waveform quality to the operating point within the stable subharmonic …
This paper analyzes electromagnetic processes in a modulation source supplying an induction motor, with attention to amplitude modulation of a synchronous generator emf and valve commutation in a cycloconverter. Using a T shaped induction motor equivalent circuit without iron losses, the authors der…
This paper examines a single-phase semiconductor direct-coupled frequency converter supplied by an amplitude-modulated high-frequency voltage, proposed as the modulation cycloconverter in an autonomous stable-frequency source. It describes a bridge power circuit with fully controlled bidirectional v…
The paper examines the use of a sinusoidal voltage source for producing an underwater arc initiated by an exploding wire, with attention to electrohydraulic pulse generation and the resulting pressure wave. It develops the relevant electrical considerations for generator voltage, current, inductive …
The paper addresses the objective measurement of brush sparking in direct-current machines, criticizing visual assessment and integral averaging methods as insufficiently aligned with the physics of spark formation. It describes an improved spark level meter that uses a capacitive sensor, pulse ampl…
The paper investigates electromechanical transients in an asynchronous motor drive with pulse speed control through switched additional rotor resistance. Using differential equations for stator and rotor flux linkages in a synchronously rotating coordinate system, the authors construct an analog-com…
This paper investigates a synchronous generator designed to produce periodic current pulses using the usual toothed-zone geometry rather than narrow poles and concentrated windings. The proposed method relies on an incomplete two-phase short-circuit regime, with optional diode circuits that shape th…
This paper investigates how manufacturing and design factors affect the specific electrical conductivity of cast aluminum short-circuited rotor windings in induction motors. Using a central composite rotatable second-order experimental design, 116 rotors from AO and AO2 motor series were cast under …
This paper presents a method for calculating the magnetic circuit of direct-current machines with combined heteropolar inductors, focusing on a six-pole configuration that includes one pair of permanent-magnet poles and excitation-winding poles. The approach constructs an equivalent magnetic circuit…
The paper addresses experimental measurement of nonuniform rotation of electric machines within a single revolution, particularly under vibration where optical, magnetic, and inertial methods have practical limitations. It describes a photoelectric pulse sensor with amplification and frequency demod…
This paper examines transient processes in an autonomous synchronous generator supplying a controlled rectifier, with particular attention to armature reaction when generator and load powers are comparable. The authors separate the process into low-frequency effects caused by periodic variation of t…
This paper examines how tooth saturation during sudden short circuit conditions affects the slot leakage inductance of a shock generator stator winding. Using a finite difference calculation of the nonlinear magnetic field in the stator slot, it derives permeance coefficients for slot leakage and to…
This paper presents a finite-difference method for calculating the nonlinear magnetic leakage field in the stator slot of a shock generator, where saturation strongly affects slot leakage inductance during sudden short-circuit conditions. The formulation uses the magnetic vector potential, integral …
This paper applies mathematical experimental design to optimize the rotor tooth zone of a limiting-power impact generator under air-gap inductions from 1 to 2.4 T. Using a second-order rotatable three-factor design, it models field-winding current density as a function of the relative tooth-slot par…
This paper analyzes the operation of a pulse generator feeding an inductive load in an energy accumulation circuit, focusing on the effect of rotor speed reduction during energy transfer. The authors formulate differential equations for the generator, load, and switching intervals, incorporate energ…
This biographical and institutional study examines the emergence of electrical engineering education in Siberia at the turn of the twentieth century through the career of Alexander A. Potebnya at the Tomsk Technological Institute. It situates the need for trained electrical engineers within the rapi…
