SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper examines the use of hydrodynamic fluid couplings in drives with a vertical axis of rotation, focusing on how their torque transmission characteristics differ from those of horizontally mounted couplings. It analyzes the effects of wheel arrangement, filling level, slip, interwheel gap, an…
This study compares the resistance of Kh12 die steel to fatigue fracture under repeated impact loading and under ordinary smooth cyclic loading. Smooth and V-notched cylindrical specimens, heat treated to two hardness levels, were tested in one-sided bending using impact-fatigue and pulsating fatigu…
This study examines how core microstructure affects the impact fatigue resistance of carburized 20Kh steel parts when fatigue cracks originate in regions without a carburized layer. Cylindrical specimens were heat treated to produce structures representative of different quenching and tempering regi…
This paper addresses the calculation of service life for reduction gear wheels in mining electric drills, where compact design leads to overloads in contact strength and significant tooth wear. Based on wear tests of gears from several drill types, the authors argue that wear intensity under these c…
This paper examines how vibration treatment strengthens the surface layers of metals through repeated impacts by particles in a working medium. Copper and ShKh15 steel specimens were treated in a vibration drum for different durations with hardened steel balls of varying diameters, then sectioned an…
This paper addresses the problem of selecting maximum carrier dimensions for pneumatic mail systems whose pipeline routes include bends of small radius, a situation in which graphical sizing methods are laborious and existing semiempirical formulas may be overly conservative. The authors derive anal…
This paper examines how wear affects the bending strength of spur gear teeth, addressing limitations of existing calculations that treat wear as a uniform reduction in tooth thickness while preserving the involute profile. Using calculations based on the plane-section hypothesis, photoelastic stress…
This paper examines how the contact-strength load capacity of helical gearing should be assessed relative to spur gearing, challenging calculation methods that treat the two as equivalent. Using a coefficient relating transmitted moments, the author discusses the roles of contact ratio, contact-line…
This paper examines how the relative width of gear wheels affects the volume of gear-cutting operations in enclosed gear transmissions. Using standard relationships among rim width, pitch diameter, center distance, torque, gear ratio, and contact-strength parameters, it derives a comparative express…
This paper revisits the geometric design calculation for ball transmissions with parallel shafts, in which balls act as intermediate bodies between a driving race and a driven wheel with hypocycloidal end teeth. The authors show that earlier calculation formulas can yield inconsistent parameter comb…
The article examines a proposed ball worm transmission with intersecting axes, focusing on whether its geometry satisfies basic kinematic and strength requirements. It analyzes a flat disk design with balls as intermediate bodies and shows that, because the common normal does not pass through a fixe…
This paper examines the tangential displacement of compressed elastic ellipsoidal asperities with an elliptical contact area under two-component shear loading. Building on Mindlin and Lurie solutions for shear along a principal axis, it assumes constant friction and tangential stress vectors aligned…
This paper examines elastic pre-displacement of rough mechanical contacts under tangential forces below the friction limit and relates it to tangential contact stiffness and compliance. Experimental results are used to assess the effects of static friction coefficient, compressive load, surface fini…
This paper examines how the Bauschinger effect changes with increasing plastic deformation in plastically hardening metals. It proposes a mechanical model that treats a metal beyond the elastic limit as a composite of elastic and ideally plastic subelements with differing yield limits, deriving a re…
The paper examines the validity of plastic flow theory under complex loading paths in which the principal stress axes remain fixed. Annealed copper tubular specimens were loaded by combined axial force and internal pressure along prescribed power-law stress trajectories, and measured strains were co…
This paper investigates the elastic displacement of elongated drill rods under longitudinal impact, a problem relevant to energy transmission and loss in percussion drilling. Laboratory experiments used a pendulum striker, interchangeable breaking tools, coupled drill rods of varying length, and pho…
This paper examines dynamic resistance forces in an elementary hydraulic cylinder drive, emphasizing that static friction characteristics can be inadequate for analyzing transient hydraulic systems. Using an experimental setup with sinusoidal flow excitation, pressure and actuator velocity measureme…
This paper examines how the pressure-dependent compliance of high-pressure hydraulic hoses affects the dynamic and frequency characteristics of hydroautomatic control lines. The authors experimentally refine an empirical relation for the hose compliance coefficient as a function of pressure, report …
This paper analyzes a phase-generator circuit for eddy-current flaw detection in which a coupling capacitor is added between two synchronized oscillatory circuits to compensate mutual inductive coupling between closely spaced transducer half-windings. Using equivalent circuit transformations and sma…
This paper addresses the problem of improving both sensitivity and localization accuracy in eddy-current metal-detector sensors used to find foreign metallic bodies in living tissue, particularly during surgery. It describes and experimentally evaluates a two-coil coaxial sensor on a ferrite core, w…
This paper describes a high-speed converter for transforming instantaneous values of alternating voltage into a direct voltage suitable for digital magnetic measurements and monitoring of ferromagnetic materials in alternating fields. The proposed circuit charges a storage capacitor from the input s…
The paper describes an information processing device for converting the amplitude of voltage pulses, or the ratio of amplitudes from two pulse sources, into analog and digital recording signals. It outlines a circuit using storage units, comparison devices, a pulse generator, a staircase-voltage gen…
This paper investigates a frequency-phase method for separate eddy-current inspection of nonmagnetic product parameters using a parametrically connected sensor in a self-oscillator circuit. The authors analyze how introducing an initial phase detuning changes the dependence of generator frequency on…
This study examines a two-frequency electromagnetic method for nondestructive monitoring of the hardness of shaped rolled ferromagnetic products. Using a through-type transformer transducer excited by a strong 50 Hz field and a weaker high-frequency field, the authors measured harmonics of the secon…
This paper examines how motion of an inspected article affects defect detectability in the two-frequency electromagnetic inspection method, a question important for continuous-flow flaw detection. Experiments were performed on rotating carbon-steel disks containing artificial surface and subsurface …
This paper examines how motion of a ferromagnetic object affects measurements made by the two-frequency electromagnetic method, in which a specimen is magnetized by weak high-frequency and strong low-frequency alternating fields. Using a surface-mounted transducer with separate magnetizing and measu…
This paper examines methodological requirements for electromagnetic testing of hardness distribution in structural-material parts, focusing on measurement locality, sensor geometry, and the electromagnetic characteristic used as a hardness indicator. It estimates the minimum contact area needed for …
The paper addresses the problem of improving noise immunity in eddy current flaw detectors using through-type transducers, especially under dynamic high-speed inspection where industrial interference, material inhomogeneity, vibration, and impacts can cause false indications. It describes multichann…
This paper examines how electromagnetic shields used in through-type electromagnetic flaw-detection transducers affect sensor parameters and sensitivity. Treating the transducer and shield as a coupled electrical circuit, it derives equivalent impedance expressions showing that shielding increases t…
This paper examines the magnetic field behavior near the end of a cylindrical ferromagnetic product during electromagnetic inspection with a feed-through transducer. Using Maxwell’s integral relation for a ferromagnetic medium, the authors analyze how the approach of the product end to the magnetizi…
This paper describes an electromagnetic device for production control of hardness in complex-profile steel products, particularly turbine-blade blanks, using the harmonic composition of the secondary EMF of through-type sensors. The proposed instrument uses two short differential transformer sensors…
This paper examines how two-frequency magnetization of a ferromagnet can be used to determine the curve of differential dynamic permeability. Starting from a previously derived expression for the emf of a measuring winding, it analyzes the envelope of the first harmonic of the high-frequency compone…
This paper analyzes the stability of a regenerative parallel oscillatory circuit used to connect an eddy-current transducer in electromagnetic flaw detection. It models the negative resistance element as a transistor amplifier with positive feedback and derives the relative instability of the circui…
This paper analyzes how a small ferromagnetic conducting sphere placed in the plane of a large current loop changes the loop impedance, with attention to the sphere radius and its displacement from the loop center. Treating the loop field near the sphere as approximately homogeneous, it solves the v…
This paper analyzes how instrumental measurement errors affect linear regression estimates used in multiparameter product quality monitoring. Under assumptions of large sample size, stationary error moments, and independence of errors from variables and from one another, it derives expressions for t…
The paper examines the use of time gating of an electromagnetic sensor output signal for multiparameter nondestructive testing. It formulates the gated instantaneous signal values as a system of informative components and relates them to the monitored parameter through weighted linear combinations, …
This paper examines discrepancies between theoretical and experimental sensitivity in a slotted eddy-current transducer, attributing them chiefly to distortion of the cylinder’s eddy-current field by nearby magnetic-core poles. The authors first verify the effect experimentally using a copper cylind…
This paper analyzes the response of the measuring winding of a slotted eddy current transducer when a round ferromagnetic conducting cylinder is placed in its gap. Under assumptions of a uniform gap field, negligible end effects, and constant magnetic permeability, the authors solve the Helmholtz an…
This paper gives a more rigorous analytical treatment of a conducting elliptical cylinder placed in the transverse alternating magnetic field of a slotted eddy current transducer. The authors formulate the vector potential in elliptic cylindrical coordinates, solve the field equations inside and out…
This study examines changes in the microhardness of metal surface layers after vibroabrasive treatment in a medium containing high-speed-steel chips, cast-iron grit, and crushed grinding-wheel scrap. Cylindrical specimens of steels 45 and R18, in annealed and hardened states, were treated for 45 min…
This paper describes the development of a dynamometric installation for studying cutting forces in deep-hole drilling with single-edge carbide heads. The authors motivate the work by noting the lack of experimental data on how forces are distributed along the cutting edges and present a lathe-based …
This paper examines the coefficient of resistance to motion of cutting chains in the straight guide groove of cutting bars, where friction is affected by coal or soil particles and cannot be estimated reliably from standard friction data. Laboratory tests were conducted on KMP and Ural-33 chains at …
This paper develops a calculation method for estimating the productivity of bar-type earth-cutting machines used to prepare frozen soil for excavation by cutting slot grids. It derives expressions linking productivity to slot geometry, cutting speed, freezing depth, soil group, and auxiliary operati…
The paper analyzes why the standard support assembly of the 7M37 cross-planing machine is poorly suited to planing high-manganese steels, particularly as flank wear develops on the tool. Drawing on tool-life experiments and a force analysis of the cutter, hinged board, and tool holder, it argues tha…
This paper examines the drilling of cast heat-resistant EI-316 steel using twist drills equipped with cemented carbide inserts, addressing the tendency of such inserts to chip or fail under conventional cutting conditions. Laboratory tests compared VK8 and TT10K8B carbide inserts, standard and inter…
This paper examines the difficulty of determining contact pressure on a cutting tool rake face in the small region adjacent to the cutting edge, where existing photoelastic and split-tool methods lack sufficient resolution. It reviews a prior slip-line based estimate that assumes through slip lines …
This paper examines how the average normal contact pressure on a cutting tool rake face relates to the relative length of chip contact during metal cutting. Using experimental measurements for several work materials with widely varying hardness, together with data from Zorev, it argues that most cut…
This study examines how prior plastic deformation affects the turning of low-ductility LS-59-1 brass. Ordinary brass and specimens compressed to two strain levels were machined under controlled tool settings while cutting forces, chip contact length, shear angle, chip element pitch, stresses, fricti…
This paper examines chip formation in cutting low-ductility brass, emphasizing the cyclic formation of segmented chips rather than the steady shear process typical of ductile metals. Experiments varied cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, and tool rake angle, and the resulting chips were characterized…
This paper analyzes existing methods for obtaining a fixed chip-formation zone in metal cutting experiments, distinguishing approaches based on withdrawal or destruction of the tool-holder supporting element. It identifies practical and methodological limitations of prior spring-actuated and explosi…
