SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 402 papers in Materials Science
This paper examines crystallization in natural rubber and its effect on thermomechanical behavior over temperature ranges where crystalline phases form and melt. Using thermomechanical curves recorded under constant and periodically varied loads, the authors compare rubber crystallized by storage at…
This study addresses the unresolved position of carbon atoms in the crystal structure of cementite, Fe3C, using electron diffraction of cementite particles isolated from annealed carbon steel by anodic dissolution. Ring and spot electron diffraction patterns were measured, indexed for an orthorhombi…
This paper examines stress relaxation in isotactic crystalline polypropylene and distinguishes true relaxation processes from stress loss caused by cracking. Specimens stretched at 140°C were interrupted at different times and examined microscopically, with comparison to amorphous polypropylene, whi…
This study examines the phase composition and microstructure of nickel, chromium, boron alloys containing up to 50 at.% boron, with emphasis on alloys containing 33 to 50 at.% boron and on low boron boundary regions. Alloys prepared from high purity components were annealed at 1000°C and analyzed by…
This study examines the electrical conductivity and activation energies of several semiconducting metal coordination polymers based on dithiooxamide, N-substituted dithiocarbamate, and thiocyanate groups with Cu, Ni, and Co. Temperature-dependent conductivity measurements show that conductivity in d…
This paper proposes a method for detecting crystallites in glasses with electronic electrical conductivity, especially chalcogenide semiconductor glasses. The argument combines semiconductor theory with a contactless conductivity measurement using a rotating magnetic field, on the premise that order…
This paper develops a molecular calculation of the low-temperature heat capacity of linear polymers, focusing on polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene. Treating each polymer chain as a one-dimensional crystal with a complex unit cell, the authors use the Born-Karman method and force constants der…
This paper investigates the internal photoelectric effect and photoconductive behavior of a series of synthesized acetylenic polymers, following earlier work on their semiconductor properties. Using direct-current photoconductivity measurements and a capacitor method under modulated illumination, th…
This study presents an electron microscopic examination of highly crystalline polyvinyl chloride prepared by free-radical polymerization in aldehyde solutions, with crystallinity assessed by electron diffraction. Films cast from cyclohexanone solutions were examined before and after heating at 80, 1…
This study examines phase equilibria in complex iron-based austenitic alloys using a seven-component Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn-Nb-V-Si gamma solid solution as the base composition. Treating this homogeneous base alloy as a single component, the authors investigated additions of titanium, aluminum, and tungsten al…
This paper reports the preparation and photoelectric characterization of lead oxide single crystals grown by slow cooling from concentrated alkaline solution. Among several crystal habits obtained, appreciable visible photoconductivity was observed only in red crystals, whose dark resistance, temper…
This paper examines the interaction between the intermetallic compounds Ni3Al and Ni3Nb, a problem relevant to phase formation and properties in complex alloy systems. Alloys across the Ni3Al, Ni3Nb section were prepared by arc melting and studied by thermal, metallographic, X-ray phase, hardness, a…
This study examines how atomic structure affects the semiconductor properties of chelate polymers and related monomeric metal dithiocarbamate complexes containing copper, cobalt, zinc, and comparable metal-free precursors. Electrical conductivity was measured as a function of temperature, and activa…
This study examines how periodic mechanical forces affect structural transformations in crystallizing polymers, using high molecular weight polycarbonate as a slowly crystallizing model system. Thermomechanical testing over varied temperatures and loading frequencies was combined with X-ray diffract…
This paper reports a systematic experimental study of physical properties of transition metal nitrides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, and molybdenum. Specimens prepared by nitriding and sintering in nitrogen were measured for electrical resistivity, thermoele…
This paper examines how internal stresses arise during the formation of polymer coatings, treating them as a consequence of shrinkage constrained by adhesion to a solid substrate. Using gelatin films as a model system, the authors develop a shrinkage and relaxation calculation based on a Bingham bod…
This study examines titanium beryllides with high beryllium content in order to clarify their crystal structures and the nature of interatomic bonding relative to previously studied TiBe and TiBe2 phases. Alloys containing 88, 90, and 93 atomic percent beryllium were prepared and investigated by X-r…
This paper investigates phase transformations of indium antimonide under true hydrostatic pressure, motivated by discrepancies in earlier quasihydrostatic measurements and by the expectation of dense high pressure modifications in zinc blende type semiconducting compounds. Single crystal and polycry…
This paper investigates the equilibrium solubility of hydrogen in liquid iron over the high-temperature range relevant to arc welding and arc remelting, extending measurements from near the melting point toward the boiling point. Armco iron samples were melted and superheated in controlled hydrogen …
This study examines why the decomposition rate of wüstite increases with temperature up to about 400°C and then decreases at higher temperature. Using X-ray structural analysis, magnetic measurements of specific saturation magnetization, and electron microscopy, the authors compare decomposition at …
This paper examines how substitution of oxygen for nitrogen affects the electrical properties of titanium nitride in TiN-TiO solid solutions, motivated by both alloy behavior and oxygen contamination in industrial TiN. Single-phase alloys were prepared by ammonolysis of TiO2 and Ti mixtures, then ch…
This paper investigates the ternary semiconductor CdSnAs2 as an electronic analogue of InAs, with emphasis on whether its electrical properties reflect the expected similarity in bonding and carrier transport. The authors describe improved synthesis and purification procedures that yielded homogeneo…
This study examines how beta irradiation and a surface-active mercury film jointly affect the mechanical behavior of zinc single crystals under tensile deformation. Using a phosphorus-32 beta source, the authors compare irradiated and nonirradiated pure and amalgamated zinc crystals at different def…
This paper examines the development, closure, and partial self-healing of cracks in isotropic silicate glass under controlled loading, using visible crack growth as a macroscopic model for fracture processes in solids. Experiments relate crack length to plate deflection during loading cycles and sho…
This study determines the phase diagram of the iron hafnium system, for which prior information was limited and partly contradictory, especially concerning the Fe2Hf intermetallic compound. Twenty five alloys were prepared by arc melting purified iron with iodide hafnium and examined by differential…
This paper describes the preparation of metallic scandium by calcium reduction of anhydrous scandium chloride, followed by arc melting and, for further purification, high vacuum sublimation. The authors analyze the composition of the resulting metal and examine its crystal structure, mechanical prop…
This paper reexamines the cadmium, antimony binary system in the context of semiconductor compounds, using thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural and microhardness measurements, electrical conductivity, and thermoelectric emf. From studies of more than 20 alloy compositions prepared un…
This study examines the mechanism of electrical conductivity in alkali-free barium silicate glasses, where the identity of the current carriers had remained uncertain. Glasses containing 30, 40, and 50 mol.% BaO were prepared, their conductivity was measured over 350 to 650°C, and diffusion coeffici…
This paper examines how heat treatment affects the electrical properties of systems composed of highly dispersed iron and organic polymers, with emphasis on iron-polyisobutylene and comparison to iron-polyethylene. Measurements of specific resistance, temperature dependence of conductivity, and ther…
This study examines how the mechanical wear resistance of crystalline polymers depends on supramolecular structure rather than only on the conventional degree of crystallinity. Using industrial polyamide resin 68, injection molded specimens were heat treated at 150 and 190°C for varying times, then …
This study investigates the mechanical stress required to initiate motion of twinning dislocations in calcite, a key microscopic parameter in crystal twinning. Using repeated etching and localized loading with a diamond pyramid, the authors directly observed dislocation displacement along twin bound…
This study examines thermal transformations in natural and synthetic rubbers using automatically recorded thermomechanical, or thermopenetration, curves under constant load during uniform heating. The authors describe an apparatus for recording temperature and deformation directly, then apply it to …
This paper investigates the electrophysical properties of thin polymeric chelate films formed by reacting tetracyanoethylene vapor with metal surfaces, chiefly iron and copper, under vacuum at elevated temperatures. The films, firmly bound to the metal substrate, were characterized by microanalysis,…
This paper investigates the distribution of electron density in indium arsenide with the sphalerite structure, motivated by the relation between bonding and the semiconductor properties of III,V compounds. Powder X-ray diffraction data obtained with Cu K alpha radiation were used to calculate struct…
This study examines the reflection spectra of thin polycrystalline cadmium sulfide films at liquid nitrogen temperature in the 460 to 490 mµ region, with attention to how spectral structure depends on deposition conditions. Films were prepared by sublimation in vacuum, argon, or hydrogen sulfide on …
This paper examines the formation and evolution of glass microcrystalline structures during heat treatment, emphasizing the redistribution of crystallite sizes as a thermodynamically favored process that reduces interphase surface area. The authors relate this process to changes in surface energy, e…
This study examines the formation of secondary structures in oriented capron fibers during recrystallization in the condensed phase, a process relevant to changes in fiber properties during use. Fivefold drawn capron monofilaments were annealed near the melting point, slowly cooled, sectioned ultrat…
This paper examines general regularities governing stabilization of metastable beta solid solution in quenched titanium alloys. Using published and experimental critical concentrations for binary titanium alloys with beta-stabilizing elements, the authors compare alloying effectiveness with periodic…
This paper reports observations on the crystallization of beryllium oxide from the gas phase at temperatures of 1600 to 1900°C in an argon atmosphere using compact polycrystalline BeO in a graphite resistance furnace. The authors describe the formation of plate, rod, prism, dendritic, and whisker-li…
This paper examines the resistance of selected polymer plastics to cavitation erosion, a property for which comparative data were lacking in contrast to established scales for metals. Experiments were conducted in a hydrodynamic tube under controlled cavitation conditions using plate and cylindrical…
This study examines the spreading of mercury over the free surface of zinc in the absence of mechanical stress, motivated by adsorption-induced strength reduction in metals. Experiments on zinc plates and wire, with oxide formation suppressed by aqueous media, compared vertical and horizontal geomet…
This paper examines the origin of the exponential temperature dependence of electrical conductivity in semiconducting polymers based on polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl chloride. Using measurements of conductivity and thermoelectric power for several treated polyacrylonitrile samples, the authors com…
This paper examines the distribution of electron density in polycrystalline gallium arsenide using X-ray diffraction intensities measured with CuK alpha radiation and analyzed through structure amplitudes, atomic scattering factors, and three-dimensional Fourier summation. Electron-density maps for …
This paper addresses the difficulty of determining temperature dependences for crystallization-center formation and crystal growth in silicate glasses containing mineralizers, where direct microscopic methods are laborious. It proposes using density changes after two-stage heat treatment as an indir…
This paper examines phase equilibria and metallide solid-solution formation along the Ti3Al, Ti3Sn section of the ternary Ti, Al, Sn system. Alloys prepared by arc melting were studied by thermal, microstructural, and X-ray analyses, with additional measurements of electrical resistivity and hardnes…
This paper estimates the Curie temperature of ferroelectric bismuth ferrite, whose high conductivity prevents direct determination by dielectric measurements at elevated temperatures. High-temperature X-ray studies of bismuth ferrite showed persistence of the rhombohedrally distorted perovskite phas…
This paper examines selective sorption in porous glasses produced by acid leaching of alkali silicate glasses, comparing their behavior with molecular sieve zeolites. Sorption isotherms for water, alcohols, nitrogen, and hydrocarbons show that some porous glasses strongly absorb small molecules such…
Molybdenum and rhenium diselenides were synthesized by sintering the corresponding metals with stoichiometric selenium in evacuated quartz ampoules, and their crystallographic and electrical properties were examined. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that molybdenum diselenide has a hexagonal unit cel…
This paper examines whether ordering transformations in nickel-based solid solutions correspond to the formation and dissociation of distinct Kurnakov compounds rather than merely homogeneous atomic rearrangements. Using a thermographic method with separate iron and nickel standards, the authors mea…
The paper proposes a generalized lever rule for equilibrium multicomponent heterogeneous systems, extending the ordinary lever rule and the center of gravity rule by treating groups of phases as two coexisting conglomerates. Using barycentric vector relations and mass conservation, it derives analyt…
