SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper addresses how electrodynamic forces between round conductors during starts and reversals affect the reliability of turn insulation in random-wound induction motor windings, particularly for larger machines with high starting currents. The authors develop a probabilistic calculation method…
This paper examines electromagnetic shielding in the end zones of large turbogenerators, where stray fields can cause concentrated losses and local heating in stator winding end parts, clamping rings, and core backs. A rotating-field physical model with annular laminated steel packages was used to t…
This paper develops basic design relations for a shielded electromagnetic vibrator intended for sealed chemical apparatuses where mechanical motion must be transmitted through a protective wall under vacuum, high temperature, aggressive media, or explosion hazard. The authors formulate coupled mecha…
The paper addresses the selection of magnetic core geometry in combined contactless synchronous machines, where an exciter and generator share overall dimensions but differ substantially in power. It develops approximate relations for rotor yoke height, tooth width, slot area, current loading, and a…
This paper examines how the longitudinal end effect in arc-stator asynchronous machines distorts the air-gap magnetic field and produces asymmetrical phase currents, negative-sequence currents, and parasitic pulsating and reverse-traveling field components. Using no-load experiments on a two-pole op…
This paper examines how stator winding design affects the magnetic field and operating indicators of two-pole asynchronous motors with an arc-shaped stator and open magnetic circuit. It compares several two-layer winding arrangements, including partially corrected and compensated windings, using air…
This paper addresses the selection of pole tip geometry for claw-pole rotors in electrical machines, where electromagnetic design choices must be checked against mechanical stresses and deflections caused by inertial forces. Building on earlier strength calculation methods, the author describes comp…
This paper develops a calculation method for additional losses caused by end-region magnetic fields in high-power turbogenerators, especially in the stator end packets and teeth. Assuming constant anisotropic magnetic permeability, it solves a plane magnetic-field problem by Fourier separation, deri…
The paper addresses the experimental determination of direct and quadrature axis synchronous reactances in saturated synchronous machines, where these parameters depend on excitation and load but are often treated as constants in machine and power-system calculations. It proposes a measurement metho…
This paper addresses the regulation of magnetoelectric machines using combined excitation systems, in which permanent magnets and excitation windings jointly determine the working flux. It proposes a classification based on the structural level at which these sources are combined: within poles, with…
This paper addresses stability and speed characteristic ambiguity in separately excited DC motors operated with wide-range speed regulation by field weakening. It proposes replacing a separate stabilizing or light series winding by connecting the field winding in series opposition with the interpole…
This paper analyzes bench durability tests of series “P” direct-current machines and electromechanical converters conducted at the Elektromashina plant beginning in 1963. It describes test procedures, operating-hour distributions, observed failures, and the performance of key assemblies such as comm…
This paper examines how an axially movable electromagnetic insert in the rotor of an induction motor changes leakage reactances, particularly in the rotor special section, the rotor short-circuiting ring, and the stator end winding. The authors analyze the modified leakage-flux paths introduced by t…
This paper reports an operating-condition inspection of 920 DC machines and 102 electromechanical converters to assess their technical condition, service life, operating practices, documentation, and repair organization. The examination used equipment inspections, review of data sheets and failure l…
This paper estimates the durability of commutators in P-series electric machines of insulation heat-resistance classes B and H, using operating-time data from plant reliability tests. The authors combine statistical evaluation of machine service life with design-based wear allowances, measured commu…
This paper develops an analytical method for estimating the leakage inductance of stator end windings in shock generators when the end conductors are enclosed by conducting shields. Treating the shield as an ideal conductor and using a symmetric rectangular geometry, the author solves Maxwell’s equa…
This paper examines vibrations of the frames of series P direct-current motors with wide speed regulation, emphasizing magnetic-origin vibrations as a major component of vibroacoustic performance. Using vibrometer and frequency-analyzer measurements on a model installation, the authors compare frame…
This paper examines forced self-excitation in impact generators used as autonomous high-power pulsed energy sources, focusing on the time required for voltage and excitation current to rise from different levels of preliminary excitation. The authors formulate a calculation method based on the self-…
The paper proposes a method for estimating insulation defectiveness in low-voltage electrical machines, motivated by the view that winding breakdown during service or testing occurs only where defects are present. Instead of testing insulation removed from unimpregnated stators, the method determine…
This paper proposes a methodology for studying aging of insulation in low-voltage electrical machines by emphasizing crack formation rather than relying only on breakdown-voltage statistics. Using an AO2-32-4 asynchronous motor, the authors outline an accelerated experimental design that varies wind…
The paper addresses the need to simplify calculation of influence coefficients that relate technological errors in input parameters to deviations in the technical characteristics of roller-table motors. It proposes linear regression equations expressing each coefficient as a function of motor volume…
This paper examines how manufacturing and material deviations affect the technical characteristics of AR series asynchronous motors used in metallurgical roller tables. Treating design and technological parameters as random input variables, it derives influence coefficients linking their relative de…
This article addresses the economic assessment of quality assurance in the mass production of asynchronous motors, where quality improvements must be justified by their effect on total production and use costs. It proposes a classification of quality assurance expenditures into costs for eliminating…
This paper addresses the selection of quantitative indicators for forecasting and assessing the quality of general-purpose asynchronous motors. It reviews alternative classifications of quality parameters, including responsibility-based groupings and hierarchical indicator trees, and argues that the…
This paper examines quality control practices in electrical machine manufacturing, focusing on mechanical parts and assemblies of asynchronous motors. It critiques complete inspection and existing sampling inspection as costly or ineffective when not based on risk analysis, and uses measurements of …
This paper addresses quality control of turn-to-turn insulation in asynchronous motor stator windings, where conventional low-voltage manufacturing tests may fail to reveal defects relevant under operating overvoltages. It develops a method for deriving statistical control-chart limits for the permi…
This paper examines the transition from product inspection to integrated quality management in the manufacture of asynchronous motors. It argues that quality should be managed as a techno-economic system covering tolerance design, incoming inspection, statistical control in production, forecasting, …
This paper examines mechanical friction losses on the cylindrical rotor surfaces of oil-filled electric motors used in compact electrohydraulic thrusters and pumps, where such losses may exceed other machine losses. Treating the stator-rotor clearance as flow between concentric cylinders, the author…
This paper examines the thermal behavior of electrohydraulic thrusters and possible measures for improving the utilization of their drive motors. Using embedded thermocouples in TGM series units and thermal models of motor and thruster housings, the study measures temperature fields in stator windin…
A method is presented for determining the thermal conductivity of stator winding insulation by measuring the temperature drop across the insulation under a known heat flux produced by direct-current heating. The authors formulate an equivalent thermal circuit for the slot and end portions of the win…
This paper develops a thermal calculation method for the armature of protected P2-series DC machines with axial ventilation, axis heights up to 200 mm, and speeds up to 3000 rpm. The method models the armature as a single thermal body and introduces specific internal thermal resistance and an equiva…
This paper investigates steady state temperature fields and heating scatter in low power direct current motors of the P32 and P52 types. Using motors instrumented with numerous embedded copper constantan thermocouples, the authors measured temperature distributions in armature windings, pole coils, …
This paper examines speed oscillations and stability limits in low-speed synchronous motors with electromagnetic speed reduction, treating them by analogy with salient-pole synchronous machines. It presents an experimental method for measuring oscillations of the operating angle using a stroboscopic…
This paper develops a method for analyzing electromechanical transients in asynchronous motors equipped with an integrated normally closed brake released by load torque. It describes the motor and brake mechanism, formulates voltage balance and motion equations for starting and braking, and divides …
This paper examines how rotor magnetic asymmetry affects electromagnetic transient processes in alternating-current machines connected to a sinusoidal infinite-power network at constant rotational speed. Using standard idealizing assumptions, the authors formulate voltage-balance equations in rotor-…
This paper examines design criteria for synchronous reluctance motors intended to be built using the stators and most structural parts of existing general-purpose induction motor series. It argues that this approach offers major economic and manufacturing advantages, but that induction-motor geometr…
This paper analyzes the starting behavior of a synchronous reluctance motor supplied at variable network frequency and voltage, with attention to frequency-controlled electric drive systems. Using relative-unit machine equations in asynchronous starting mode, the authors derive expressions for posit…
This paper addresses the modeling of transient processes in a three-phase synchronous generator feeding an active load through a bridge full-wave rectifier, a case for which common approximate methods neglect harmonics and transient current components. The authors formulate the generator equations i…
This paper proposes an electromechanical pulsed energy source intended to increase the pulse power of a shock synchronous generator without auxiliary capacitor storage or high-power forced excitation. The approach uses the voltage rise that occurs during a two-phase short circuit in a synchronous ma…
This paper examines the use of synchronous shock generators as pulsed energy sources for arc loads, such as laser pumping lamps and electrohydraulic installations requiring megajoule energy pulses over several milliseconds. Using a mathematical model implemented on an MN-14 analog computer, the auth…
This paper examines the leakage inductance of stator end-winding sections in pulsed generators, with particular attention to the influence of nearby ferromagnetic surfaces. A calculation method based on sectioning complex contours and representing the end iron by mirror images was implemented for si…
This article examines higher education in capitalist society as an instrument for regulating the social composition and political orientation of the intelligentsia and white-collar employees, with particular attention to West Germany. Drawing on Soviet Marxist analysis and critical readings of West …
This article examines competitive admissions to technical higher education institutions in Western Siberia as part of efforts to improve the quality of Soviet specialist training. Drawing on admissions records from several institutes in 1964 to 1970, it analyzes applicant numbers, examination result…
This article argues that communist education of youth should include purposeful preparation for responsible family life, not only professional, labor, and socio-political formation. It develops a Marxist-Leninist rationale for treating relations between the sexes, marriage, and the family as a relat…
This article examines the academic group as the primary student collective within Soviet higher education, drawing on Marxist theory and A. S. Makarenko’s conception of the socialist collective. It argues that the student group possesses the main features of a collective: a shared goal, socially use…
This article examines the goals, content, and organizational forms of students’ research work in Soviet higher technical education, arguing that prevailing practice lacked sufficient theoretical and methodological grounding. It derives the aims of student research from the changing functions of high…
This article examines how ideological and political work in Soviet higher education should be evaluated, criticizing formal assessments based mainly on counts of meetings, lectures, and other measures. Drawing on party committee documents, university plans, and examples from Tomsk institutions, it a…
This article examines individual planning as a means of strengthening students’ self-education within higher education. It argues that students should be treated as self-organizing personalities whose development can be guided through socially oriented, concrete plans integrating study, ideological …
This paper examines the relationship between the content of engineering labor and the higher-education system for training technical specialists, focusing on a perceived mismatch between graduate preparation and the demands of modern production. Drawing on a sociological study of 421 Tomsk Polytechn…
This article examines learning as a form of cognitive activity in which the subject’s active and creative role becomes increasingly important under conditions of scientific, technological, and social development. Grounded in Marxist philosophy, theories of active reflection, and psychological accoun…
