SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25456 papers
This paper examines boiling of a liquid heated through a wall, emphasizing the role of surface tension, nucleation sites, pressure, and heat flux in determining the onset and character of vapor formation. It argues that boiling should not be treated as an isothermal process at the tabulated saturati…
This paper develops a heat balance method for estimating fuel consumption in a power system supplied by hydroelectric stations and containing thermal power plants and independent boiler houses. It expresses overall fuel use through reciprocal system efficiency, partial efficiencies, hydroelectric ge…
This paper examines the use of standalone peak boiler houses in district heating systems served by combined heat and power plants. Although such boilers increase specific fuel consumption if considered separately, the author argues that they can improve overall system economy by raising the utilizat…
This paper examines the changing role of thermal power plants in Soviet power systems as hydroelectric generation expands. Using a heat balance for systems that include hydroelectric stations, condensing thermal generation, cogeneration heat extraction, and independent boiler houses, it argues that …
This paper examines the dynamics and working process of a gearless electropneumatic jackhammer using a rigid inertial coupling during the striker return stroke and an air cushion as the elastic connection before impact. It discusses impact-skipping mechanisms intended to reduce the effective blow fr…
The article presents a method of “most advantageous projection onto a single plane” for solving metric and construction problems in descriptive geometry. It develops the basic rule for orthogonally projecting a point, and by extension lines, figures, and solids, onto a suitably chosen auxiliary plan…
This study examines the auxiliary process of lowering and raising the Donbass-1 coal combine in Kuzbass mechanized longwalls, where variation in work organization and local mining conditions substantially affected productive cutting time. Using time-study observations from leading mine faces, it dec…
The article reports experimental investigations of electropneumatic percussion hammers conducted on a laboratory stand designed to reproduce production-like operating conditions while allowing variation of key machine parameters. Focusing mainly on ZERT-type hammer units, the study records piston an…
This article describes the development and use of electrical measurement methods for investigating the working process of electropneumatic impact machines, especially drilling hammers. It presents an experimental test stand and associated cathode-oscillograph apparatus, with capacitive transducers f…
This paper examines how drill rotation mechanisms in pneumatic drilling hammers should be calculated and designed for percussion rotary drilling, where drilling rate depends strongly on the bit rotation angle between impacts. It criticizes the conventional calculation that treats rotation as occurri…
This paper compares the technical characteristics and operating efficiency of Soviet pneumatic drilling hammers used in mining, coal, and construction work. Drawing on laboratory and industrial tests conducted in 1952 and 1953, it examines hand-held, telescopic, and column-mounted hammers under comp…
This paper examines why electropneumatic drilling and chipping hammers, despite their potential for higher overall efficiency than pneumatic tools, had not yet matched pneumatic hammers in productivity and reliability. Drawing on technical comparisons of Tomsk Electromechanical Plant designs, test e…
This paper examines the danger posed by capacitive single-phase ground-fault currents in 6 kV mine networks with isolated neutrals, especially as coal-mine electrification increased network length and raised the likelihood of intermittent arcing and resonant overvoltages. Using standard current esti…
The paper examines the proper use of proportionality laws for predicting changes in capacity, head, and power of turbomachines when shaft speed changes. It argues that these laws apply directly only to similar operating regimes, specifically networks with purely dynamic resistance whose characterist…
This paper examines how to reduce the energy and operating costs of ventilating blind mine workings during development. It argues, using comparative calculations for two-stage and single-stage auxiliary ventilation fans with rubberized ducts, that reliance on powerful two-stage fans is often unecono…
This article examines several entrenched terms in mine ventilation literature, especially “depression,” and argues that they obscure rather than clarify the physical processes involved. Using Bernoulli’s equation and pressure diagrams for fans operating in suction and blowing modes, it shows that me…
This paper describes the VP-4M modernized pneumatic fan developed for auxiliary ventilation of blind mine workings, building on operating experience with the VP-4 fan. It explains the design changes, including a revised nozzle, turbine exhaust, and fan flow path, with power regulation by shutting of…
This paper examines whether pneumatic power in deep mines cools or heats mine air, a question made urgent by temperature limits in Soviet mining regulations. Using thermodynamic calculations on an entropy diagram, it evaluates heat exchange during compressed air transport, leakage, expansion in pneu…
The paper examines the safety brake of PM mine hoisting winches, focusing on operational failures in the existing shoe brake release mechanism despite generally acceptable measured braking times and smooth torque development. Based on indicator tests and observations from Kuzbass hoisting installati…
This paper examines discrepancies between theoretical and actual velocity diagrams in bottom-discharge skip hoisting installations. Using recorded velocity diagrams from Kuzbass mine installations, obtained with a recording wattmeter and tachodynamo, together with time-study data on loading and unlo…
The paper examines the selection of economically and technically advantageous skip capacity for mine hoisting installations, reviewing earlier formulas that emphasize energy costs or drive power but insufficiently account for installation efficiency and the rated speeds of available Soviet hoisting …
This paper examines the dynamics of skip loading in Kuzbass mine hoisting installations, focusing on how loading devices and rigid skip landing practices lengthen the hoisting cycle and reduce productivity. Drawing on operational observations, it compares types of feeder gates, carriages, and carria…
This paper examines operational shortcomings in dual pneumatic two-stage brakes used on large mine hoisting machines, despite their generally favorable technical design. Using brake characteristic diagrams recorded during static and dynamic tests at a Kuzbass mine, the study evaluates idle-travel ti…
This article examines the geometrical and operational conditions governing the placement of two-drum mine hoisting machines relative to a shaft. It argues that established design criteria, such as rope length, rope deviation angles, foundation clearances, and lower rope inclination, are insufficient…
In recent years, great advances have been achieved in the theory of physical processes in semiconductors and in the practical application of semiconductor devices. It has become entirely clear that semiconductor devices are not only worthy rivals of vacuum electron tubes but also open new paths in r…
The reports in the second section of the 9th Conference on Spectroscopy were devoted to the following issues: 1) excitation and emission of atoms, 2) processes in light sources and problems of spectral analysis, 3) spectral instruments and photoelectric methods for recording spectra. Eighteen report…
This article is devoted to the theory of spectral-line broadening caused by the interaction of a radiating atom with surrounding particles—other atoms and molecules, ions, and electrons. The main attention is devoted to discussing the new results and advances achieved in the theory of this phenomeno…
The purpose of this review is to analyze certain properties of the elementary act of $\pi$-meson generation in the energy range of primary nuclear-active particles. These mesons have an average energy approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of the primary particle, and from an instrumen…
This article considers the main issues in the application of radioactive radiation in measurement technology.
The reviewed work is devoted to presenting the fundamentals of this new ultrahigh-vacuum technique, and it seems expedient to dwell on it, although some of the methods described in it have already been discussed in the pages of UFN.
In modern chemistry, the mechanism of many reactions can be explained only by taking into account the formation of free atoms and radicals arising from the reactants. Their role in reaction kinetics is exceptionally important. The introduction of these intermediate particles into the scheme of succe…
The Commission on Scientific Photography and Cinematography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR held its regular plenum in Leningrad on January 26–28, 1953, devoted to the discussion of issues in the sensitometry of black-and-white photographic materials.
The history of color science has been scarcely covered in our literature. For this reason alone, it deserves attention and at least a brief consideration. The founder of the physical and mathematical treatment of questions of color was Isaac Newton, who devoted a significant part of his optical inve…
