SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
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From 25 to 29 November 1955, a conference on cathode electronics was held in Kyiv at the Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, convened by the Council on Radiophysics and the Division of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the…
A report delivered on April 19, 1956, at the ceremonial meeting of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the Soviet Peace Committee, Lomonosov Moscow State University, and the All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, dedicated to the fiftieth anniversary of the death of Pierre…
From May 30 to June 3, 1955, the Second Conference on the Liquid State of Matter, convened by T. G. Shevchenko Kyiv State University, was held in Kyiv.
Summary of a report delivered at the meeting of the Einstein Session of the Division of Physical and Mathematical Sciences on December 1, 1955.
In stabilization circuits for currents on the order of hundreds of amperes, regulation is usually not carried out directly by vacuum tubes, but by changing the current in the excitation circuit of dynamoelectric machines, or by means of magnetic amplifiers placed at the input of rectifiers, etc. Suc…
Session 17 A, August 17, 1955; “Cross Sections of Fissile Isotopes”.
Over the past five years, substantial changes have occurred in the understanding of the fundamental processes determining the passage of cosmic rays through matter. The nucleonic nature of primary cosmic rays, with an absolute predominance of protons, has been definitively established. The study of …
This discussion examines quantitative and theoretical approaches to metal, oxide, and ceramic bonding, especially diffusion processes and transition layer formation. Participants note calculations using Frenkel’s and Hines’s methods for heavy oxide diffusion into ceramics and metallic powder sinteri…
This article examines the mechanism by which steatite ceramics are joined to metals in vacuum-tight metal-ceramic constructions, with emphasis on metallization by refractory metal powders. It reviews several soldering methods and reports microscopic, microhardness, dielectric, mechanical, and X-ray …
This study investigates the work required to cleave mica crystals, a process important in mica processing and previously insufficiently characterized. Using an adhesiometer, with supplementary pendulum experiments, the author measures how cleavage work varies with plate thickness, separation velocit…
The discussion addresses measurements of electrical conductivity and electrification on mica surfaces, focusing on whether observed decreases in conductivity arise from surface phenomena, contact effects, electrolysis, or ion leaching. Participants question the measurement method, suggest that junct…
This paper investigates the unusually high surface electrical conductivity observed on freshly cleaved mica crystals and its irreversible decrease with time. Using galvanometric and electrometric measurements with several electrode arrangements, the study compares muscovite and phlogopite surfaces u…
This paper examines dielectric polarization and loss mechanisms in amorphous polar polymers over broad ranges of frequency and temperature. Using measurements of dielectric constant and loss tangent for polyvinyl acetate, cellulose esters, polyvinyl alcohol acetals, styrene butadiene copolymers, pla…
This paper investigates how X-ray irradiation affects the electrical conductivity of natural single crystals of sodium chloride as a function of temperature. Conductivity was measured with an electrometer under controlled electric fields, with and without X-ray exposure, and the irradiated conductiv…
This discussion addresses experimental observations of illumination-dependent dielectric losses in phosphor or semiconductor powders at high frequencies. Participants emphasize the need for extensive controls, including variation of illumination intensity, power, electrode or grid geometry, angle, a…
This paper investigates whether strong electric fields produce observable luminescence in liquid and solid dielectrics, a question related to electronic processes preceding electrical breakdown. The authors review electroluminescence mechanisms and report experiments on transformer oil, xylol, alcoh…
This paper investigates dielectric losses in ZnS-Cu and ZnS-Cu,Fe phosphors as a possible independent method for determining electron release attempt frequencies from localization levels. Frequency dependences of the dielectric loss tangent were measured with a Q-meter under dark and ultraviolet-exc…
This study investigates the mechanism of dielectric losses in fused quartz under high-frequency fields, elevated voltages, and temperatures extending to about 1000°C, conditions under which quartz insulators may heat destructively. It develops a nonstationary calorimetric method for measuring the di…
This paper examines how the ionic electrical conductivity of alkali borosilicate and related borate and silicate glasses depends on the concentration of metal ions. It argues against explanations based primarily on loosening of the glass network, instead treating these materials as weakly dissociate…
This paper examines the nonlinear dielectric properties of ferroelectric ceramics and their suitability as nonlinear elements in electrical and radio-engineering circuits. It compares barium titanate, T-7500, and varicond VK-1 using field-dependent and bias-dependent dielectric permittivity, hystere…
This study addresses the need for refractory inorganic dielectrics with low conductivity and dielectric losses at 500 to 1000°C, focusing on dense oxide structures suitable for high temperature radio tube applications. Calcium, strontium, and barium silicoberyllates were synthesized and characterize…
This study examines the electric strength of Rochelle salt crystals, addressing conflicting earlier reports on its dependence on crystallographic direction, temperature, and voltage duration. Using specimens cut perpendicular to the principal axes and shaped to approximate a uniform field, breakdown…
This study examines the electrical strength of lamellar and pressed talc under direct, alternating, and impulse voltages, with attention to specimen thickness, voltage duration, temperature, chemical composition, and dehydration. Experiments on talc from several deposits show that impulse strength i…
This discussion examines the classification and physical interpretation of dielectric losses in crystals, glasses, and related dielectrics, with particular attention to conductivity, relaxation, resonance, and formerly termed “structural” losses. Participants compare experimental findings on loss ta…
This paper examines the temperature dependence of dielectric loss tangent in ionic inorganic dielectrics, with emphasis on glasses and high-frequency ceramic materials. Measurements over broad temperature and frequency ranges were made for borate and silicate glasses, porcelain, steatite, ultraporce…
This paper examines high-frequency dielectric relaxation in polycrystalline talc-based ceramic bodies fired at different temperatures, with attention to how structural changes during sintering affect dielectric losses. Measurements of the frequency and temperature dependence of the loss tangent show…
This paper investigates the mechanism of high-frequency dielectric losses in copper sulfate crystals, with emphasis on the role of crystallization water in relaxation processes. Measurements of the loss tangent and dielectric constant were made for pentahydrate, monohydrate, and anhydrous copper sul…
This paper examines high-frequency dielectric losses in muscovite and phlogopite mica in relation to crystal structure, inclusions, crystallization water, temperature, frequency, and specimen orientation. Drawing on reported and comparative experimental data, it argues that pure muscovite has very s…
This paper reports high-frequency measurements of dielectric permittivity and dielectric-loss angle in ionic crystals, mixed alkali-halide crystals, and inorganic crystals containing polar molecules. Using an improved method for measuring very small loss angles, the authors relate losses in pure alk…
This paper examines the mechanism of relaxation dielectric losses in alkali and alkali-free silicate glasses, with particular attention to high-silica alkali aluminosilicate compositions. After criticizing existing pore and pseudodipole theories, it proposes a structural model in which alkali ions a…
This paper develops a structural and chemical interpretation of polarization in ionic, atomic-valence dielectrics, especially borosilicate glasses and oxides with rutile or perovskite structures. It argues that existing network and statistical treatments insufficiently account for valence bonding, a…
This report examines relaxation dielectric polarization in solid dielectrics, with emphasis on the role of the internal or local electric field and on mechanisms not limited to dipolar organic materials. It develops a generalized Debye-type treatment introducing internal-field coefficients, showing …
This study examines whether the electrical properties of ionic compounds of Group II elements are governed by ion interaction energy in the crystal lattice. Sintered polycrystalline oxides and alkaline earth halides were measured under vacuum for temperature dependent electrical conductivity, dielec…
This paper examines the proposed connection between the electrical breakdown strength of crystals and their surface energy, treating breakdown as a form of crystal destruction involving the formation of new surfaces. Surface energies of alkali halide single crystals and solid solutions are determine…
This discussion examines unresolved questions in the electrical breakdown of dielectrics, especially the dependence of breakdown strength on composition, aging, decomposition, and mechanical stresses in mixed crystals. The contributors compare conflicting interpretations of experimental curves, incl…
This paper addresses errors in measuring the breakdown voltage of solid dielectrics in nonuniform electric fields when plate specimens are used, since surface discharges and the surrounding medium can influence the observed breakdown. The authors propose specimens with drilled conical recesses so th…
This paper examines the need for a more unified account of the mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties of ionic dielectrics, especially for electroceramic materials used under combined operating loads. It argues that many properties commonly treated separately, including conductivity…
This paper investigates gas breakdown in ion devices with electron emission, arguing that the pre-breakdown current is an essential parameter alongside ignition voltage. Using a chamber-type thyratron with a heated control filament in mercury vapor, the study measures single-ignition characteristics…
This paper examines how composition and thermodynamic stability affect the dielectric strength of solid solutions in the NaCl, KCl system, addressing conflicting theoretical and experimental views on whether impurities increase or decrease breakdown strength. Single crystals of varying composition w…
This paper experimentally investigates surface discharge on ceramic dielectrics, including titanates and capacitor ceramics with dielectric permittivities from about 7 to 1500, under uniform and nonuniform electric fields. It examines how discharge voltage depends on electrode spacing, specimen geom…
This paper examines natural and artificial aging in single crystals of KCl, KBr and KBr, NaBr alkali halide solid solutions, focusing on changes in impulse electrical strength, microhardness, flow pressure, and heat of formation. Electrical strength and microhardness were measured on fresh and aged …
This study examines how the impulse electric strength of alkali halide solid solution single crystals is related to composition and selected physicochemical properties. Single crystals of KCl, KBr, KJ, NaBr, NaJ, and RbCl based binary systems were grown from melts, characterized by X-ray measurement…
