SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25456 papers
This paper derives equations for transient processes in a three phase static circuit element, represented by an r, L, C branch, after transformation from phase coordinates to a rotating coordinate system with arbitrary angular velocity. Using Park’s transformation, it expresses line voltages, curren…
This study examines the high pressure thermal polymerization of 2,3-dimethylbutene-2, 2,3-dimethylbutene-1, and 3,3-dimethylbutene-1 at about 290 degrees and pressures up to roughly 4000 atm. The authors measured polymer yields, fractionated the products, compared physical properties of dimeric and …
This paper examines the thermodynamic equations governing liquidus and solidus curves in ideal binary systems obeying Raoult’s law. Starting from the Clapeyron, Clausius equation and vapor pressure isotherms, it argues that the Van Laar relations are general equations of state for ideal systems rath…
This study examines the role of chain reactions in high-temperature ethane cracking between 770 and 890 °C, a regime relevant to technological pyrolysis but not fully mechanistically clarified. The authors analyze experiments in which ethane was cracked in the presence of radiocarbon-labeled methane…
This paper examines whether low-voltage behavior in sulfide rectifiers can be interpreted as evidence for electron tunneling through a thin near-electrode barrier. Using cuprous sulfide pellets contacted with aluminum, magnesium, or tantalum electrodes, it compares observed current-voltage character…
This paper studies one-dimensional radial motions of an infinite self-gravitating gas cylinder with high electrical conductivity in an internal magnetic field, assuming the velocity is proportional to distance from the symmetry axis. Exact similarity-type solutions are derived for two magnetic-field…
The note generalizes earlier reductions of plane-parallel steady vortical gas motion to potential flow beyond the separable velocity form. It considers velocity functions for which the ratio of the second pressure derivative to the velocity is independent of the stream function, implying a two-term …
The study examines catalytic cracking of ethylidenediisopropylbenzene as a potential route to styrene derivatives and as a case of cracking behavior in a highly substituted diarylethane. Experiments were conducted at 600°C with steam dilution over an aluminosilicate catalyst and several activated cl…
This paper investigates conditions for preparing crystalline polypropylene by stereospecific polymerization of propylene using a triethylaluminum and titanium tetrachloride organometallic catalyst. Experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure and at 4 to 6 atm with purified propylene or a tech…
This note studies converse embedding theorems in the limiting case not covered by a theorem of S. M. Nikol’skii, where the smoothness parameter on the embedded subspace is zero and is interpreted as membership in an Lp space. It constructs an extension of a function given on an m-dimensional subspac…
In this article, in light of data from microscopic studies, theories explaining the existence of the indicated stages of deformation are considered. The validity of conclusions regarding internal processes occurring during deformation, drawn on the basis of studying surface changes, is also discusse…
This paper examines the high-latitude geographical distribution and daily timing of anomalously high ionospheric absorption of short radio waves, especially its relation to magnetic disturbances and auroral zones. Using published observations from a network of ionospheric stations and comparing the …
The paper examines whether the photo-emf observed in dye-layer photocells under longitudinal illumination is caused by a barrier layer at the dye-metal contact. Using photocells with semitransparent metal electrodes and dye layers arranged on the front electrode, back electrode, or both, the authors…
This study examines isotopic exchange of sulfate ions between inner and outer coordination spheres in aqueous acidoammine complexes of trivalent cobalt, using sulfur-35 labeled sulfate and separation with benzidine hydrochloride. Exchange kinetics were measured as functions of time, temperature, com…
Text of a public lecture delivered at the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in September 1955.
The paper examines whether readily available aluminum trialkyls can serve as general alkylating reagents for the synthesis of organoelement compounds, avoiding some limitations of routes based on alkyl halides or Grignard reagents. Triethylaluminum and triisobutylaluminum were reacted with halides o…
This paper examines whether nitrogen pentoxide can nitrate aromatic compounds by a radical pathway, in addition to its established ionic behavior. The authors argue that elevated temperature and nonpolar media favor dissociation of nitrogen pentoxide into radical species, and they report experiments…
This paper examines how thermal and catalytic cracking of the same Grozny paraffinic crude oil differ in the detailed group composition of their gasoline fractions. The authors apply a combined analytical procedure using sulfuric acid treatment, iodine number and molecular weight determination, sele…
This paper studies linear systems of partial differential equations with constant coefficients and the reduction of their Cauchy problems to systems of normal type. It defines the reduced order through the growth of the real parts of characteristic roots and proves a formula expressing this order as…
This paper investigates the liquid-phase nitration of isopropylcyclohexane with nitric acid under varied reaction conditions. More than forty experiments examined the effects of temperature, reaction time, nitric acid concentration, and hydrocarbon to acid molar ratio, with products isolated by vacu…
This paper analyzes the physicochemical role of temperature fields in gas adsorption chromatography and thermochromatography, focusing on how thermal gradients affect band separation, band width, and recording requirements. The authors derive separation criteria based on distances and widths of adso…
The paper applies the generalized collective model to the first excited levels of axially symmetric even even nuclei in the strong coupling approximation, assuming that axial symmetry is preserved for low excitations. Starting from the rotational vibrational Hamiltonian, it derives a radial Schrödin…
Infrared absorption spectra of isotactic polypropylene films prepared from samples obtained by different methods were measured between 700 and 3000 cm⁻¹, including temperature-dependent measurements from 20 to 200 °C. The study identifies characteristic absorption bands, especially at 810, 839, 894,…
This paper examines the continuous division of the cathode spot in a low-pressure mercury arc, using photographs of spot traces during ordered motion in a tangential magnetic field. The observations show branching into autonomous emission centers, their apparent mutual repulsion, dependence of branc…
This paper applies a kinetic method, previously used mainly for oxide catalysts, to estimate bond energies between nickel catalysts and atoms occurring in organic compounds. Using activation energies for para, ortho hydrogen conversion, hydrogen, deuterium exchange, hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, an…
The study examines the thermal decomposition kinetics of several alkylphenyltriazenes in solution as sources of free radicals, using gas evolution to measure reaction rates in different media and concentrations. Increasing triazene concentration raises the apparent decomposition rate constants and l…
This paper develops a method for reducing systems of linear difference and differential equations with variable coefficients to diagonal forms with summable or integrable remainders, extending earlier approaches to asymptotic analysis. The construction uses a sequence of matrix transformations deter…
This study examines the behavior of cyclopentene in catalytic hydrocondensation with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in comparison with cyclopentene alone and with cyclopentene plus hydrogen. Experiments at 190°C over the established contact catalyst showed that cyclopentene alone was unchanged, while…
The paper studies formal power series solutions of nonlinear integral equations whose kernels are continuous and analytic in the unknown function and parameter. It focuses on the difficult case in which one is an eigenvalue of the associated linear integral operator, and introduces a stabilization c…
This study examines how sulfur affects the interfacial tension at the boundary between liquid iron and slags, a problem relevant to steel desulfurization and sulfide inclusion formation. Using X-ray photography of molten iron drops in oxidizing and blast-furnace type slags at 1530 to 1570°C, the aut…
This paper describes a route to beta-cyanovinyl ketones, compounds not readily accessible by direct cyanide substitution of beta-chlorovinyl ketones because of lack of reaction in nonpolar media and resinification in polar media. The authors show that beta-acylvinyltrialkylammonium salts, formed fro…
This study examines the regularities governing the inclusion of copper, antimony, lead, cobalt, iron, and zinc impurities in cathodic tin deposits from acidic tin electrolytes. Using chemical, spectrographic, and radioactive isotope determinations, the authors compare impurity content in deposits wi…
This paper examines deep chlorination of propane as a heat-intensive reaction that is difficult to control under conventional conditions, and evaluates a model process using a moving inert heat carrier. Experiments were conducted with mullite granules in a closed circulating system at 360 to 395°C, …
This study examines the kinetics and mechanism of hydrogen iodide addition to several unsaturated compounds, including cyclohexene, allyl chloride, 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene, and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, in different solvents. Kinetic measurements show that iodine catalyzes addition to cyclohe…
This study examines the hydrogenation of ethylcyclobutane and 1,1,2-trimethylcyclopropane over a 20 percent palladized carbon catalyst, with comparison to known behavior over platinized carbon. The authors pass hydrocarbon and hydrogen mixtures over reduced catalyst at controlled temperatures and id…
The paper presents an asymptotic solution of the one-dimensional unsteady equations for an ideal gas with spherical symmetry, expressed in terms of characteristic variables. The pressure, density, velocity, and integrating factors are expanded in series in inverse powers of radius with logarithmic t…
The study examines whether palladized charcoal and activated charcoal catalyze isomerization of 1,1,2-trimethylcyclopropane, in contrast to hydrogenolysis reactions previously observed for alkylcyclopropanes. In flow experiments at 220°C, followed by hydrogenation and fractionation of the olefinic p…
This paper derives asymptotic representations for angular spheroidal functions with azimuthal index m = 1 in the large parameter regime. Using a comparison equation method, the spheroidal differential equation is transformed to an equation with degenerate hypergeometric solutions, chosen to preserve…
This paper describes a synthesis of previously unknown 2-substituted dehydroquinolizinium salts using alpha-picolyllithium and dimethyl acetals of acylacetaldehydes derived from beta-chlorovinyl ketones. The reaction gives lithium alcoholates that are cyclized with hydrobromic acid to 2-hydroxy-2-su…
This paper proposes a finite difference method for numerically integrating the one dimensional heat equation with homogeneous boundary conditions. The method alternates two one sided implicit difference sweeps, which can be implemented explicitly because the associated matrices are bidiagonal, and i…
This paper proposes a universal mathematical symbolism intended to make diverse tasks suitable for electronic digital machines, including numerical computation, analytic transformation, logical analysis, circuit analysis, and program processing. It introduces “schemes,” in which mathematical objects…
This study applies a kinetic labeled-atom method to clarify the role of ethylene in the thermal cracking of propane. Propane containing a small amount of carbon-14 labeled ethylene was cracked under static conditions in a quartz vessel at 530 to 580 degrees Celsius, and the products were separated c…
This paper reports photoelectric observations of the intensity and polarization of twilight-sky light at the zenith, made in September and October 1955 at the Mountain Observatory of the Astrophysical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. Measurements in four spectral regions show …
The paper develops a theory of functions analytic with respect to an ordinary linear differential operator with continuous coefficients on an interval. It defines infinite operator differentiability and operator analyticity through factorial growth estimates, constructs an operator basis analogous t…
This paper describes the synthesis of linalool and related vinyl alcohols through condensation of acetylene with methylheptenone and analogous ketones, followed by selective partial hydrogenation. The authors show that powdered potassium hydroxide promotes the acetylene condensation under mild press…
This study examines the reactions of cyclopentenyl chloride with tetramethylene and pentamethylenedimagnesium bromides as a route to hydrocarbons containing two cyclopentane rings. The reactions gave the expected unsaturated dicyclopentenyl derivatives, 1,4-di(cyclopentenyl)butane and 1,5-di(cyclope…
This study examines the microscopic redistribution of small amounts of carbon in low-carbon iron alloys separately alloyed with chromium, nickel, silicon, and molybdenum. Using autoradiography with carbon-14 introduced by isotopic exchange, the authors compare carbon distributions after annealing, q…
