SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper describes a universal testing setup developed for comprehensive verification of electrical measuring instruments, including active and passive multi-terminal networks, electronic voltmeters, phasemeters, and phase-measuring units. The setup combines a precision four-phase generator with a…
This paper presents “Graph-01,” a program for analyzing complex systems represented as signal graphs, based on a previously described algorithm for computing graph topological transmission. It specifies the required input format, including adjacency half-star tables and parameters for graph size and…
This paper presents formal algorithms for analyzing complex systems represented by signal graphs or adjacency matrices, with emphasis on obtaining Mason formula components for graph transfer functions and sensitivity calculations. It first describes a set-theoretic procedure over the field of modulu…
The paper addresses the derivation and practical computation of Mason’s transmission formula for directed signal graphs, motivated by the difficulty of identifying paths, loops, and non-touching loop combinations in complex circuit graphs. It reformulates the graph equations through a signed transpo…
This paper analyzes transient processes in a flip-flop transistor switch intended to generate rectangular reference voltages with short edges, flat tops, and minimal overshoot. Using the state-variable method and circuit topology, the authors formulate a nonlinear dynamic model based on a modified E…
This paper examines structural, two-channel methods for improving the accuracy of measurement amplifiers beyond the limits attainable with deep negative feedback alone. It develops comparative error criteria for single-channel and invariant multichannel amplifier structures, analyzing systems with e…
This paper examines the stability of signal suppression in active notch filters built with follower stages and passive RC null networks. It proposes and analyzes a circuit in which a damping pole is formed with minimal adjustment, reducing the dependence of the rejection level on the follower output…
This paper describes an amplitude-stable sine-wave voltage generator intended to combine low nonlinear distortion with stable self-oscillation amplitude. The authors analyze a selective amplifier using an active rejector filter, negative feedback, and an additional subtraction path, showing that a h…
The article describes the G-4 high-stability measuring generator, a sinusoidal voltage source intended to provide low harmonic distortion, stable output voltage, and relatively high output power over a 20 Hz to 50 kHz frequency range. Its design combines a Wien-bridge master oscillator, a cascade po…
The paper describes the development of the GK-11 broadband generator-calibrator, intended to extend rms-voltage calibration and testing equipment from the GK-10 frequency range to 1 MHz while preserving high metrological performance. It presents the functional division into low-frequency and high-fr…
The article describes the GK-12 generator-calibrator, a domestic multivalued AC voltage standard designed for high long-term stability and improved metrological and operational performance without manual adjustments. It explains the instrument’s architecture, including two cascaded automatic voltage…
This paper describes the GK-10 calibrated voltage source, developed as reference equipment for the calibration and verification of digital voltmeters in production and operating conditions. The instrument uses a fully transistorized sinusoidal generator with combined stabilization and calibration, i…
This paper examines design methods for broadband inductive voltage dividers, focusing on reducing frequency error caused by unequal equivalent winding capacitances, parasitic capacitances, and capacitive loading. It proposes a ladder winding arrangement using twisted wire harness sections, which equ…
This paper examines the time stability of photovoltaic converters used in regulated voltage generator calibrators for checking high-accuracy digital voltmeters. The authors analyze instability sources in incandescent lamp and photoresistor elements, compare several lamp and photosensitive device typ…
This paper analyzes the high-frequency comparison error of a photoelectric comparator used to measure alternating voltages exceeding the rated voltage of an incandescent lamp, where a series resistance is introduced. The input circuit is modeled as sections of a lossless transmission line and then r…
This paper examines precision rms ac voltage comparators intended for automatic control systems, with emphasis on improving long-term stability when comparing an unknown ac voltage with a reference voltage. It analyzes limitations of periodic-conversion comparators, including stringent switching req…
This paper examines the design of multivalued measures for variable voltages intended to provide accurately specified voltage series over wide frequency and amplitude ranges for verification, research, and automated measurement systems. It analyzes the coupled problems of amplitude stability, nonlin…
This paper addresses voltage regulation for alternating current generators operating with nonsinusoidal output waveforms, where stabilization of the effective value is required over variations in load and speed. It proposes a semiconductor regulator using an optoelectronic rms sensing element, an in…
This paper examines how to select an economical operating mode for a variable-frequency induction motor when both losses and reactive-power compensation are considered. Using an equivalent analytical model for a motor with a linear magnetic circuit, the authors derive slip-control laws corresponding…
This paper analyzes how reactive power varies in an induction motor under frequency control, with the aim of identifying operating conditions that minimize the reserve of reactive energy while supporting economical operation. Using a linear T shaped equivalent circuit with constant parameters, the a…
The paper develops a calculation method for the external characteristic of a small self-excited electrostatic generator with self-starting, intended for autonomous and compact high-voltage direct-current applications. Treating the device as a coupled pair of main and auxiliary electrostatic generato…
This paper analyzes the excitation conditions of an electromagnetic parametric generator supplied from a DC source through a controlled switch, a circuit that can produce an approximately sinusoidal AC voltage with a single switching element. The authors apply the criterion of the square of the mean…
This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of a low-frequency inductive parametron without DC bias magnetization, intended as a simpler and less costly alternative to high-frequency parametrons for automation, telemechanics, and relay-protection applications. The authors derive nonline…
The paper addresses the practical problem of monitoring contracted electrical demand under a two-rate industrial electricity tariff, noting limitations of special maximum-demand meters then in use. It describes a device that attaches to existing billing or technical electricity meters, uses a photor…
This paper examines conversion of direct current into alternating voltage using an electromagnetic parametric frequency divider supplied through a controlled interrupter. It describes transistor and thyristor inverter circuits, including measures for limiting switch overvoltage and returning stored …
This paper examines an electromechanical equivalent for autonomous energy sources used in power supply systems where direct laboratory testing is difficult, such as underwater, space, thermal, or radiation environments. It describes a feedback controlled system in which a functional converter forms …
The article examines how the nominal power of a transformer depends on its short-circuit impedance, a parameter that affects voltage regulation, reactive losses, system stability, and short-circuit current levels. Using standard design relations for transformer limb power and leakage reactance, the …
This paper evaluates the economic efficiency of alternative individual AC drives for roller conveyor rollers in rolling mill equipment. Using plant reporting data, price lists, design materials, and calculated operating expenses, it compares geared 50 Hz drives, drives with frequency converters and …
This paper examines how finite, nonlinear core parameters affect transformer transients when a sinusoidal primary voltage supplies a load conducting for only a small fraction of the period, as in accelerator power supplies. An equivalent circuit including winding resistances, leakage inductances, se…
This paper investigates whether herringbone skewing of armature teeth reduces vibration in DC motors by improving the symmetry of magnetic pull forces in the air gap. Experimental armatures with active lengths of 63 mm and 138 mm were tested, and vibration amplitudes and frequencies were measured at…
This paper investigates variable magnetic fields in the air gap of a DC machine as a source of magnetic vibration caused by the rotation of a toothed armature. Using a P-40 DC motor with interchangeable armatures, the authors measured sensor electromotive force on armature teeth with straight slots,…
This paper analyzes commutation in direct current motors with valve-mechanical commutation under transient operating conditions, including speed regulation, direct starting, dynamic braking, and load application. Using a P32M-based motor as an example, it compares the commutating emf with the sparkl…
This paper presents a pulsed power supply circuit for electromechanical energy converters that permits thyristor turnoff during partial discharge of a storage capacitor without additional controlled commutating devices. The authors describe the circuit operation, in which an auxiliary inductance, co…
This paper describes the design and testing of a pulsed induction-dynamic impact device intended to generate large adjustable loads for determining the vibration characteristics of soil specimens. The authors present the impact unit, its armature, inductor, return spring, and capacitor-thyristor pow…
This paper assesses the reliability and durability of P series direct current machines in frame sizes 1 to 6 using long term life test data from machines with PETV, PSDKT, and PETKSO armature winding wires. Because the sample was small and some machines had censored operating times, the authors prop…
This paper examines whether manufacturing operations for random-wound windings damage the fibrous insulation of PSDKT winding wire and how such damage affects turn-to-turn breakdown voltage. The authors test batches of wire specimens with artificial scratches and cuts, with and without varnish impre…
This paper proposes a mathematical model for predicting wear and service life of insulation in electrical machine windings under multiple operating factors, including temperature, mechanical stress, humidity, electrical effects, and aggressive environments. Drawing on physicochemical laws of thermal…
This study examines technological factors affecting the reliability of turn insulation in armature windings of direct current machines, motivated by early service failures attributed to hidden insulation defects. Using a complete factorial experiment on P32 machines with enamel and fibrous insulated…
This paper examines how impregnation and drying conditions affect the solidity and reliability of random-wound machine windings impregnated with ML-92 varnish. Using mock-up stator slots wound with PETV conductors, the authors apply a multifactor experimental design and evaluate cementation quality …
This paper addresses the accuracy of small and medium DC machines by treating design and material quantities as variable input parameters rather than fixed calculated values. It develops error equations and influence coefficients linking variations in input parameters to armature current, rotational…
This paper examines how restacking, or radial displacement of stator-core laminations during manufacture, changes the effective air gap and output characteristics of AO2-series induction motors of the third and fourth frame sizes. Using an analytical expression for the air-gap increase and tolerance…
This article examines the optimization of varnishing electrical steel sheets for the active iron of large electrical machines, a process affecting both intersheet insulation quality and production efficiency. Using active experimental design, specifically a fractional factorial plan and Box Wilson s…
This paper addresses the forecasting of asynchronous motor parameters whose values depend on power, speed, and time, making separate one-factor regression curves impractical for large information arrays. It proposes using statistical experimental design, specifically a second-order composite rotatab…
This paper addresses discrepancies between calculated and experimentally determined dynamic constants of roller table induction motors operating under frequent starting and braking. It derives an indirect method for estimating an equivalent heat transfer coefficient from type test data, treating the…
This paper develops a mathematical model for electromechanical transients in a self-braking induction motor with an electromagnetic insert, a design in which the motor’s own magnetic flux controls brake release and application. The authors formulate voltage-balance equations in rotating coordinates …
The paper addresses the calculation of traction force in self-braking asynchronous motors with electromagnetic inserts, a parameter that governs braking torque, starting and stopping behavior, and motor weight and energy characteristics. It formulates the force using Maxwell’s expression and decompo…
This paper examines design constraints for electric motors equipped with built-in DC brake electromagnets, focusing on how electromagnet pickup time affects motor starting, brake lining wear, thermal conditions, and service life. It develops analytical relations linking pickup time to electromagnet …
This paper describes the design and experimental investigation of a model synchronous generator whose armature winding is placed in the air gap rather than in stator slots. It outlines the expected advantages of a smooth armature, including reduced stator steel and insulation, lower tooth-pulsation …
This paper experimentally investigates the electromagnetic field in the stator end-winding region of a two-pole pulsed generator and the influence of nonmagnetic conductive shields on field distribution. A static physical model with a single-phase concentric winding was tested under steady-state sho…
This paper analyzes electromechanical conversion in a synchronous shock generator used to deliver short, high-power electrical pulses from stored rotor kinetic energy. The authors formulate the transient process with circuit equations for a single-phase synchronous machine and a rotor motion equatio…
