SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 402 papers in Materials Science
This study examines the catalyzed crystallization of lithium aluminosilicate glass close to spodumene composition with titanium dioxide additions of 1 to 10 wt.%. Using electron microscopy of etched fracture replicas after 24 hour gradient furnace treatments from 500 to 1400 °C, the authors compare …
This study examines how the physical state of polymethyl methacrylate and polybutyl methacrylate affects diffusion permeability during radiation degradation. Using the Daynes method, the authors measured carbon dioxide diffusion, permeability, and solubility in unirradiated films and in films irradi…
This study examines how molybdenum, vanadium, and niobium affect the elastic properties and phase behavior of multicomponent titanium alloys in Ti-Mo-V, Ti-Mo-Nb, Ti-V-Nb, and Ti-Mo-V-Nb systems. Alloys with fixed ratios of alloying elements were arc-melted, annealed or quenched, and compared throug…
This study examines catalyzed crystallization in Li2O, Al2O3, SiO2 glasses containing TiO2 and small additions of other oxides, with heat treatments from 600 to 1000°C. Electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and optical absorption measurements are used to characterize structural and phase changes d…
This paper examines the time-dependent dissolution of phases in a nickel gold alloy containing 24.5 wt.% gold during isothermal annealing at 500°C. Using X-ray diffraction after holding times from seconds to one hour, the authors track changes in the initial two-phase state and identify the transien…
This paper investigates whether condensed polymers in the visco-fluid state exhibit thixotropy associated with changes in supramolecular structure during deformation. Using polyisobutylene studied on a rotational elastoviscosimeter, the authors measured stress as a function of deformation at differe…
This paper examines whether austenite formation in carbon steels during rapid heating follows a diffusional mechanism consistent with the Fe, Fe3C equilibrium diagram or a proposed diffusionless metastable transformation. The authors developed a special X-ray apparatus to record alpha and gamma phas…
This study examines how grafting polystyrene onto capron fibers affects their surface properties, especially wettability by polyester and epoxy resins and adhesion after resin curing. Polystyrene was grafted from styrene vapor onto gamma-irradiated fibers, with radical decay monitored by EPR and wei…
The paper examines how the internal structure of porous powder compacts affects specific surface area values obtained by gas permeability methods. It analyzes the molecular and viscous components of gas flow, critiques calculations that neglect structural parameters or assume a constant permeability…
This study examines the pH-dependent structure of a complex-forming copolymer of the diethyl ester of vinylphosphinic acid and acrylic acid, motivated by the markedly different rates of copper ion sorption and desorption in cross-linked films of this material. Electron microscopy and electron diffra…
This paper examines the free energy of the (001) cleavage plane of mica crystals, addressing earlier measurement difficulties caused by surface electrification during splitting and capillary condensation in humid air. Using a dipole model of the mica structure, the authors estimate the surface free …
This paper presents a specimen preparation method intended to permit direct electron-microscopic observation of supramolecular structure in polymer solutions without removing the solvent. The method uses a readily vitrifying solvent with a glass-transition temperature above room temperature, so that…
This paper examines how artificial crystallization nuclei affect crystallization kinetics and mechanical behavior in isotactic polystyrene, a polymer whose melt crystallizes slowly because of limited nucleation and growth rates. Films were prepared from melts at elevated temperatures and crystallize…
This paper addresses the preparation of mechanically strong organic semiconducting materials by forming composite fibers in which a glass fiber substrate provides strength and a grafted polymer component provides electrical functionality. The authors apply radiation gas-phase graft polymerization of…
This study examines how small additions of surface-active substances affect the crystallization structure and mechanical properties of crystalline polyhexamethylene adipamide, using several anthraquinone-based dyes introduced from the melt or solution. Optical microscopy, electron microscopy, dynamo…
This paper examines low-temperature crystallization in natural rubber using differential thermal analysis, with the aim of identifying crystalline phases on thermograms and following their formation over time. Thermograms of smoked-sheet natural rubber show distinct endothermic effects attributed to…
This study examines the hypereutectic region of the iron carbon system from 2.88 to 26.5 wt.% carbon, where earlier data on phases and equilibria beyond cementite were uncertain. High purity iron and graphite alloys were prepared, quenched or slowly cooled, and analyzed by microscopy, microhardness …
This paper examines why transition metals differ in their ability to refine the grain of aluminum, criticizing explanations based solely on carbide or aluminide nuclei, peritectic reactions, or lattice matching. Experiments on AB000 aluminum with fourteen transition metals from periods 4, 5, and 6 m…
This paper examines how the thermoelectric figure of merit of refractory transition-metal monocarbides and mononitrides relates to atomic characteristics of their metallic components. Using reported room-temperature values of thermoelectric emf, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity, the …
This study examines whether the increased electrical conductivity and reduced activation energy observed in polymer pyrolysis products can be attributed to the formation of conjugated double bonds, using polyvinyl alcohol as a test case. Polyvinyl alcohol powders were pyrolyzed in air and inert atmo…
This paper investigates the brittleness of amorphous polyarylate F-1 and relates it to the polymer’s supramolecular organization rather than solely to macromolecular chemical structure. Electron microscopy showed that material synthesized in ditolylmethane, a nonsolvent for the polymer, forms globul…
This study examines the atmospheric corrosion of Mg, Zn, and Mg-Zn alloys across the full composition range using vacuum condensates of variable composition combined with a photographic method based on hydrogen peroxide evolution during oxidation. Corrosion diagrams were constructed and compared wit…
This paper examines how rapid diffusion of point defects along dislocation lines can influence plastic deformation, using transmission electron microscopy observations of single-crystal zinc foils. The authors describe interactions between moving dislocations in pyramidal slip planes and prismatic v…
This paper investigates the chromium, molybdenum binary system, for which earlier studies gave conflicting conclusions about solid-state solubility. Fifteen alloys prepared from high-purity components were examined after extensive annealing by differential thermal analysis, X-ray structural analysis…
This paper examines how hydrostatic pressure affects the deformation resistance and strength of several polymer materials, including vinyl plastic, Plexiglas, aminoplast, and ebonite. Tensile and compression tests were carried out in a high-pressure chamber at atmospheric pressure and at 2000 kg/cm²…
This study examines how cold plastic deformation affects the fine substructure of high-purity molybdenum single crystals produced by electron-beam zone melting. Using Laue orientation, electropolishing, electrolytic etching, microhardness measurements, and staged room-temperature rolling, the author…
This paper examines the use of ultrathin sections for direct electron microscopic study of glass crystallization, especially the poorly characterized precrystallization stage. Lithium silicate, magnesia aluminosilicate, and platinum-containing lithium magnesium silicate glasses were quenched, heat t…
This study examines how temperature affects the long-term adhesive strength and failure kinetics of low-density polyethylene bonded to steel. Using a thermostated apparatus that tested multiple specimens under different loads and temperatures, the authors measured time to adhesive failure for stabil…
This paper examines the frequent asymmetry of mutual limiting solubility in binary metallic systems, especially those involving transition metals and more electronegative elements such as aluminum, tin, beryllium, and metalloids. Using published phase diagram data, it compares solubilities at the so…
This paper examines whether the supramolecular structure of crystallizing polymers can be regulated by introducing artificial crystallization nuclei. Using polypropylene as the main example, small amounts of high melting, insoluble organic substances or crystalline polymers were dispersed in the pol…
This study examines the autohesion of two polyethylenes with different degrees of branching and molecular order under pressures up to 6000 kg/cm2 and temperatures up to 240 C. Paired specimens were pressed, cooled, and torn apart perpendicular to the contact surface, with tear-off stress used as a m…
This study examines the transition of polymer melts from highly elastic deformation to steady viscous flow, with particular attention to shear strength and possible structural changes during deformation. Using a rotational cone and plate elastoviscometer under vacuum, the authors measured shear stre…
This paper investigates the occurrence and behavior of polyatomic silicon ions, Si2 to Si7 and occasionally Si8, in heavily doped single-crystal silicon analyzed by spark-source mass spectrography. By comparing silicon, silicon carbide, alloys, and dissolved salts, and by measuring arsenic- and boro…
This paper investigates the germanium sulfur system, for which no phase diagram data were reported, using differential thermal analysis and powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The authors prepare alloys across the composition range and establish a phase diagram showing liquid immiscibility …
The study examines phase relations and thermoelectric properties in the Tl2Te3 to Bi2Te3 system, motivated by the poor conductivity and high thermal conductivity of Tl2Te3 despite its large thermoelectric power. Alloys prepared from high purity elements were melted, annealed for extended periods, an…
This study investigates the unresolved crystal structure of the ferroelectric antiferromagnet BiFeO3, for which earlier powder data suggested a centrosymmetric perovskite structure inconsistent with reported ferroelectric behavior. Electron diffraction was applied to microcrystalline plates obtained…
This paper investigates the electrophysical properties of lanthanum and cerium sesquisulfides, compounds whose bonding and defective crystal structure suggest semiconductor behavior. Polycrystalline stoichiometric samples were prepared by sintering in hydrogen sulfide, and their electrical resistivi…
This study examines structural changes during glass-ceramic formation in lithium aluminosilicate glasses containing titanium oxide or zirconium oxide crystallization additives. Using electron microscopy of replicas after isothermal heat treatment, the authors compare microstructural evolution with p…
This paper examines changes in the sign of birefringence in glassy polymers under deformation, focusing on pure and copolymer systems of methyl methacrylate, styrene, and benzyl methacrylate. The authors investigate how the optical coefficient depends on time, applied stress, temperature, and copoly…
This paper examines how crystalline morphology affects the mechanical behavior of isotactic polypropylene films. Films with different spherulitic and elongated intergrowth structures were produced by controlled cooling from the melt, then tested in tension and examined optically after deformation. S…
This paper investigates the preparation of single-crystal lead selenide films by vacuum sublimation and epitaxial growth, with attention to how substrate material and temperature affect structure and electrical properties. PbSe was evaporated onto NaCl, LiF, and glass substrates, and the resulting f…
This study examines how crystallization affects the elastic, plastic, and strength properties of photosensitive glass systems that form glass-crystalline materials. Using deformation-temperature measurements, thermograms, quenching experiments, microstructural analysis, high-temperature microscopy, …
This study measures the stress required to initiate motion of screw dislocations on the second-order pyramidal slip system in high-purity zinc single crystals. Oriented specimens were subjected to pure bending, and dislocation motion was detected by selective etching of basal planes, allowing the re…
This study examines the equilibrium reduction of the mixed ferrite Mg0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 by hydrogen at 800, 900, and 1000 degrees C. Using a circulating H2 and H2O gas mixture, equilibrium oxygen pressures were calculated from gas composition, while reduction degree and the solid products were characteri…
This paper describes a method for decorating the freshly grown surface of epitaxial germanium during vapor phase crystallization involving the chemical decomposition of GeCl4 in hydrogen. By sharply reducing the concentration of the decomposed compound, the authors obtain selective deposition of ger…
This paper examines whether the compensation effect, previously observed in conducting polymers with conjugated bonds, also appears in typical crystalline polymer dielectrics presumed to have ionic electrical conductivity. Polyethylene terephthalate, polytrifluorochloroethylene, and pentaplast sampl…
This study examines how periodically applied mechanical forces affect crystallization and related thermomechanical properties in isotactic polystyrene. Amorphous pressed specimens were subjected either to thermal treatment or to sinusoidal vibrational compression at 100, 120, and 140°C, then analyze…
This paper reports systematic room-temperature measurements of the thermal conductivity of alkaline-earth and rare-earth metal hexaborides, motivated by the lack of data for these compounds and their practical relevance as thermionic emitter materials. Using a steady-state method on near-stoichiomet…
The study examines how prolonged beta, alpha, and gamma irradiation affects the mechanical properties of mercury-coated zinc single crystals. Amalgamated specimens were irradiated for varying durations and then tensile-tested at 20 °C and minus 196 °C without irradiation during deformation. Short be…
This study investigates solid solutions in the calcium orthosilicate, calcium orthogermanate system, motivated by the crystal chemical analogy between calcium silicates and germanates and their relevance to silicate materials. Twenty three compositions were synthesized and examined by microscopy, X-…
