SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25456 papers
This study examines catalysts for the acetylation of carbazole with acetic anhydride to form 9-acetylcarbazole, seeking safer and more accessible alternatives to perchloric acid. The authors compare sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, anhydrous aluminum chloride, anhydrous zinc chloride, and aqueous zin…
This study examines azo derivatives of barbituric and thiobarbituric acids as a means of relating chemical structure to hypnotic and anticonvulsant activity. A series of compounds was prepared by coupling diazotized aromatic amines, aminocarboxylic acids, and aminosulfonic acids with barbituric or t…
This study examines esters of diphenic acid as potential plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride, motivated by the practical use of related dibasic acid esters. Diisoamyl diphenate, di-2-ethylhexyl diphenate, and a mixture of heptyl, octyl, and nonyl diphenates were synthesized by esterification of diph…
The study examines ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra of 4(5)-nitroimidazole-5(4)-carboxylic acid, selected nitro esters, and a series of esters of 4(5)-aminoimidazole-5(4)-carboxylic acid in base, hydrochloride, picrate, and benzoylated forms. Spectra were recorded with a quartz spectrophot…
This study examines how different forms of oxygen chemisorbed on germanium affect the lifetime of minority current carriers. Using the photogalvanomagnetic method on n-type germanium, the authors measured lifetime changes after oxygen exposure at varying pressures and temperatures, and after anneali…
This study examines the low-temperature hydrothermal formation of crystalline sodium aluminosilicates from strongly alkaline gels with sodium oxide to alumina ratios of 4 to 6 and varying silica contents. More than 170 products synthesized at 70 to 200°C were characterized by X-ray diffraction, chem…
This paper describes the synthesis of mixed-function derivatives of 2,2′-diphenic acid, specifically ethyl and phenyl esters of substituted monoamides, motivated by prior indications of herbicidal activity among related diphenic acid amides and the known selectivity of aromatic carboxylic esters. Th…
This study addresses the preparation of diphenic acid derivatives as potential products of phenanthrene oxidation chemistry and as candidate herbicidal agents. A series of substituted monoamides was synthesized from diphenic anhydride and amines, while substituted diamides and imides were prepared f…
The study examines the kinetics of nitration of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, and iodobenzene by absolute nitric acid in homogeneous nitrobenzene solution at 20°C. Using mixtures with a 1:2:1 molar ratio of aromatic compound, nitrobenzene, and nitric acid, reaction progress was foll…
This study examines why nitrobenzene is nitrated much more slowly than benzene in absolute nitric acid, with particular attention to possible complex formation between nitrobenzene and the nitrating reagent. The authors measured nitration kinetics at 0, 10, and 20°C for several nitrobenzene to nitri…
This study examines complex formation between ortho-, meta-, and para-aminobenzoic acids, their sodium salts, and the three isomeric dinitrobenzenes in acetone solution. Using photoelectric colorimetry, the authors compare color deepening and optical-density maxima across 18 systems to infer the com…
This note studies a complex analogue of the Chebyshev problem for best uniform approximation of continuous functions on a compact set by generalized polynomials whose complex coefficients satisfy linear equality constraints and convex-domain inequality constraints. Under a regularity condition ensur…
This note studies the stability and convergence of line and finite-difference approximations for first boundary-value problems for one-dimensional quasilinear parabolic equations with variable coefficients. Using energy inequalities, difference analogues of Gronwall-type estimates, the Schauder prin…
This study investigates the catalytic dehydrogenation of alkylphenols, a reaction for which the authors note little prior literature, with attention to producing phenols bearing unsaturated side chains. Butylphenol and isopropylphenol were passed at atmospheric pressure over copper chromium catalyst…
This paper examines vapor phase catalytic hydrogenation of 2-alkyl-5-acylfurans over platinum on carbon, focusing on reaction conditions that divert the process from phenol or cyclohexanone formation toward tetrahydropyran derivatives. The authors argue that initial hydrogenolysis of the furan ring …
This paper examines acoustic instability in the combustion of condensed systems in a one-dimensional tube, motivated by the difficulty of directly measuring the acoustic impedance of a burning surface and by ambiguities in more complex combustion geometries. The authors formulate the linear stabilit…
This paper examines how cation type and reagent composition influence the formation, structure, stability, reduction, hydrolysis, and hydration of uranates. Drawing on chemical reactions of uranium oxides and uranyl salts with alkali and divalent metal compounds, together with X-ray diffraction, pot…
This study examines whether hydrogen peroxide evolved during atmospheric corrosion can serve as a quantitative indicator of oxide formation on magnesium and aluminum. Oxide-film growth was measured by optical polarization, while hydrogen peroxide evolution was measured photographically through calib…
This paper examines vibrational energy transfer in collisions between chemically active molecules, where conventional spherically symmetric interaction models give too small excitation cross sections. Using a model collision between a diatomic molecule and an atom capable of exchange reaction, it ar…
This paper formulates a linearized treatment of steady circulation in a deep baroclinic ocean under the combined action of wind stress and thermohaline forcing. The analysis separates the surface Ekman layer from the deep geostrophic convective layer, uses a vertical turbulent diffusion equation for…
This paper reports image-converter camera observations of the early stages of spark development in strongly nonuniform electric fields, especially positive sphere or rod to plane gaps. The experiments resolve the structure and motion of pulse-corona branches, showing a rapid initial stage followed b…
This paper studies pairs of cones in a real Banach space, with a narrower cone ordered by a wider cone, and analyzes the notions of K-regularity, complete K-regularity, and K-normality introduced in connection with monotone convergence problems. It establishes relations among these properties, inclu…
This paper examines how selected sections and projections can simplify the study of phase equilibria in multicomponent nickel systems, focusing on nickel-rich alloys within the Ni, Cr, W, Mo, Nb, Ti, Al system. The investigation reduces the seven-component system to a quasi-quaternary system consist…
The study investigates reactions of ketene with mercury compounds as a route to esters of mercurated acetic acids. It shows that ketene reacts with mercury alcoholates, with mercuric acetate in alcohols, and most conveniently with mercuric oxide in alcohol in the presence of mercuric acetate, formin…
This paper develops a thermal theory for the initiation of explosive decomposition under impact, emphasizing the formation of high-temperature sites by plastic deformation rather than by adiabatic compression or subcritical chemical heat release. Using elastoplastic compression of a thin disk betwee…
The paper studies the solution of fixed point functional equations with nonlinear monotone operators in semi-ordered Banach spaces by a modified successive approximation scheme using a scalar relaxation parameter. It formulates conditions under which uniqueness and bounding of the solution follow fr…
This study examines the reactions of ethylene with silicon hydrides in the presence of titanium tetrachloride under pressure and heating, focusing on telomerization with silicochloroform and methyldichlorosilane and polymerization with triethylsilane. Telomerization of ethylene with silicochloroform…
This paper examines how different hardness measures of gray cast iron relate to cutting behavior, tool wear, chip formation, and built-up-edge formation. Using metallographic analysis, microhardness testing of pearlite, ferrite, ledeburite, chips, accretions, and built-up edges, together with turnin…
This paper analyzes how misalignment between a body’s central inertia axis and the symmetry axis of a bifilar suspension affects experimental determination of mass moment of inertia. It derives correction formulas and relative error expressions for three cases: parallel linear displacement of the ce…
This paper examines how the spatial position of the rotation axis affects the performance characteristics of a hydrodynamic fluid coupling, a question relevant to applications such as suspended conveyor drives. A special test stand was built to compare the same coupling under horizontal and vertical…
This paper addresses the measurement of slip in hydraulic, electromagnetic, and similar clutches where the driving and driven members rotate at different speeds and no standard measurement method is assumed. It describes two devices developed and used in hydraulic clutch tests: a mechanical differen…
The paper analyzes how wear changes the geometry of involute gear tooth profiles, using profiles from tested real transmissions as evidence. It argues that specific friction work and specific sliding can explain observed wear, including near the pitch zone, if their redistribution during the changin…
This paper analyzes how wear changes the meshing geometry and operating parameters of spur gears, using experimental gear wheels from ER-5 mining electric drill reducers. It relates deviations of worn tooth profiles from the involute form to changes in pressure angle, line of action, specific slidin…
This paper examines the assembly conditions for coaxial multi-planet gear mechanisms, focusing on discrepancies among previously published equations and their limited usefulness for design calculations. It derives a general assembly equation for interchangeable and noninterchangeable planet gears, i…
The paper addresses the calculation of pneumodynamic speed regulators for carburetor engines when experimental partial engine characteristics and throttle moment curves are unavailable. It proposes a method for constructing the required regulator characteristic by approximating operation along the r…
This paper examines how load affects the efficiency of the theoretical open cycle of a carburetor engine under quantitative regulation by throttling. Using the Grinevetskii, Mazing calculation method and Lenin’s formulation of the open cycle, it evaluates cycle parameters for gasoline, several exces…
This paper reports experimental measurements of combustion under throttled operation in a small-displacement two-cylinder carburetor engine at constant speed. Using indicator diagrams from pneumatic-electric and piezoelectric measurements, it compares operation with variable optimal ignition advance…
This paper examines how load variation by throttling affects the thermal efficiency of an ideal carburetor engine cycle with heat supplied at constant volume. Using thermodynamic cycle calculations by the Grinevetskii, Mazing heat calculation method, the study compares cases with constant heat capac…
This paper develops a graphical and analytical method for evaluating the balance of single-shaft, multi-cylinder, multi-row piston engines, including engines with articulated connecting rods under specified geometric conditions. It represents first- and second-order inertia forces of reciprocating m…
This article reports practical experience with an electrotorsiograph using an inductive sensor for measuring torsional vibrations of shafts in piston-engine power installations. It describes the sensor, integrating and amplifying circuits, cathode-ray and magnetoelectric recording arrangements, sync…
This article reviews the discovery and interpretation of the critical points of steel, emphasizing D. K. Chernov’s identification of points a and b as foundational for the science of steel heat treatment. It traces subsequent work by Osmond and others on critical temperatures in the iron-carbon syst…
This study examines how the shape and dimensions of steel specimens influence diffusion layer depth during thermochemical treatment, a factor often omitted when selecting treatment regimes. Experiments on Armco iron cylinders, hollow cylinders, sectioned hollow specimens, and flat or cubic specimens…
This paper examines the use of cast sormite-type alloys as materials for dies, where deposited hard alloys had already shown improved wear resistance but were difficult or impossible to apply in some tool geometries. Five chromium, carbon, nickel, silicon, and manganese iron alloys were prepared by …
This study examines how cobalt affects tempering transformations and red hardness in chill-cast high-speed steel intended for cast cutting tools. Experimental steels with cobalt contents from 0 to 31.5 percent were melted, cast in metal molds, and tested by repeated and successive tempering over a r…
This paper investigates cast high-tungsten high-speed steel containing about 24 percent tungsten, alloyed with cobalt up to about 21 percent, as a possible tool material not limited by the forgeability requirements of conventional high-speed steels. Experimental heats were induction melted, chill ca…
This paper examines whether bainitic heat treatment can improve the low strength and toughness of high-speed steel cast in metal molds, where residual stresses, work hardening, and microcracking accompany rapid cooling and martensitic transformation. Cast R18 high-speed steel specimens produced by c…
This study examines how small boron additions affect the structure and mechanical properties of cast R18 high-speed steel tools produced by centrifugal casting in metal molds. Experimental heats containing 0 to 0.1 percent boron were cast, tempered, and evaluated through hardness, bending, impact to…
This study investigates low-alloy cast high-speed steels for cutting tools as a less expensive alternative to conventional cast steels of the R18 and R9 types. Thirty-two experimental heats with varied carbon, tungsten, chromium, and vanadium contents were cast in metal molds, examined metallographi…
This paper examines the use of steel cylindrical specimens compressed in the radial direction as crush gauges for determining large forces. Experiments on mild steel St. 3 specimens of varying dimensions measured the imprint area after staged loading and unloading, showing that load and imprint area…
This paper investigates elastic recovery at the contact surface of solid bodies after small tangential displacements, focusing on how the reverse motion depends on shear force, normal pressure, surface condition, and material. Experiments on pairs including hardened steel, zinc, cast iron, bronze, a…
