SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 402 papers in Materials Science
This paper examines how crystalline inclusions in amorphous selenium affect the predominant sign of dark and photoinduced charge carriers, a question relevant to electrophotography and photoconductive targets. Using controlled ionic surface charging and measurements of dark and light potential relax…
This study examines how polymorphic phase transitions under hydrostatic pressure affect the strength and plastic deformation of ionic crystalline materials. Rubidium chloride, silver nitrate, and lithographic limestone were subjected to axial compression at controlled high pressures, and reduced str…
This paper reports an optical forming procedure for producing effective rectifying and photosensitive behavior in film heterojunctions of cuprous oxide and indium-doped cadmium sulfide. Samples initially showed nearly ohmic current-voltage characteristics and only weak photovoltaic response, but per…
This study examines the use of nuclear magnetic resonance to distinguish types of polyvinyl chloride plasticization and to assess polymer, plasticizer interactions. Proton spin, spin relaxation times and NMR spectra were measured for PVC containing intramicellar plasticizers, dimethyl phthalate, dib…
This study examines polydimethylsiloxanes of varying molecular weight as model organosilicon polymers, focusing on monolayer behavior, adsorption on white carbon black, filler dispersion, and the rheology of filled pastes. Measurements of surface pressure on water, adsorption from hexane, electron m…
This paper reports the formation of glass-like states in ternary semiconductor compounds of the type AII BIV C2V, a class structurally related to diamond-like semiconductors in which vitrification was not previously characteristic. The authors describe observations on quenched melts, especially CdGe…
The study examines the dynamic viscoelastic properties of several amorphous and crystalline polymers in the viscous flow state at sound frequencies, using a frequency rheometer to measure complex shear modulus, dynamic viscosity, and mechanical loss. Measurements on polyisobutylene, high and low pre…
This paper investigates the thermal stability and crystallinity of graft copolymers of styrene with epsilon-caprolactam as functions of copolymer composition. Differential thermal analysis with simultaneous weight-loss recording was used to determine melting behavior, decomposition onset, and heats …
This study examines the melting behavior of polyethylene under pressure using thermographic analysis, with attention to how molecular order, branching, crystallization conditions, and deformation affect melting kinetics and temperature intervals. Three polyethylene samples of differing branching and…
This paper presents an electron-microscopic specimen preparation method for studying the supramolecular structure of polymers directly in solution while avoiding solvent evaporation, concentration changes, and surface-tension effects. The method uses low-critical-temperature solvents such as propane…
This study examines how fillers affect the aging of polydimethylsiloxane rubber, focusing chiefly on silica filler under oxidative heating and vacuum heating conditions. Using filled and unfilled rubber samples, the authors compare methyl group cleavage, evolution of low molecular organosilicon comp…
This paper examines changes in electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility during melting for semiconductor compounds with ZnS, NaCl, and anti-CaF2 type structures. Comparing series with cationic substitution, anionic substitution, and isoelectronic composition, the authors show that some co…
This study investigates the proposed adsorption mechanism by which thin films of surface-active metallic melts reduce the strength and plasticity of more refractory metals, focusing on direct measurement of surface tension changes in solid zinc. Using the zero creep method near the melting temperatu…
This study examines how very high cooling rates during crystallization affect segregational microinhomogeneity and solid solution composition in aluminum magnesium alloys across a wide range of magnesium contents. Alloys were solidified using chill casting and rapid film formation on a rotating bras…
This paper investigates whether tin arsenide, Sn3As2, is a semiconductor and how its electrical behavior depends on the method of preparation. The authors synthesized the compound both by direct fusion of tin and arsenic in evacuated ampoules and by chemical precipitation from alcoholic stannous chl…
This paper investigates phase equilibrium in the ternary titanium, aluminum, oxygen system, motivated by the high temperature behavior of titanium alloys simultaneously alloyed with aluminum and oxygen. Alloys of 120 compositions were prepared by arc melting, with aluminum and oxygen most effectivel…
This study examines the phase composition of thin amorphous films formed by vacuum condensation of vapors produced from a heated mixture of silicon dioxide and silicon, materials commonly identified as silicon monoxide from their diffuse electron diffraction halo. Films 300 to 700 Å thick were prepa…
Filamentous single crystals of beryllium oxide were produced by high-temperature oxidation of metallic beryllium in argon and examined with a 400 kV ultra-high-voltage electron microscope. Electron diffraction confirmed BeO unit-cell parameters and showed that crystal diameters ranged from hundredth…
This study examines resite type condensation products of o-dihydroxybenzene with formaldehyde, focusing on how heat treatment affects their magnetic, infrared, elemental, and electrical properties. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements showed Lorentzian singlet signals with free-electron g fa…
The study examines relaxation behavior in amorphized crystallizing polymers during thermomechanical testing, focusing on polyethylene terephthalate, isotactic polystyrene, and polycarbonate. Using periodic compressive deformation over a range of temperatures and force frequencies, combined with X-ra…
This paper examines the use of liquid electrophotographic developers to reveal and study reverse-biased silicon p-n junctions, focusing on the space-charge region in lithium-diffused p-type silicon. Starting from the depleted-junction approximation, the authors derive relations connecting the moveme…
This paper examines the use of salts of organic acids, especially heavy metal salts with melting points above those of the polymers studied, as artificial crystallization nuclei for crystallizing polymers. The authors introduced small amounts of these salts into polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly…
This study compares the electrical and thermal properties of electronic-conducting lead sulfide in single-crystal and pressed polycrystalline forms at room temperature. Single crystals were grown from the melt, pressed specimens were prepared from ground crystals and annealed, and electrical conduct…
This paper investigates electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of manganese impurities in As, Se, Ge chalcogenide glasses with relatively high germanium contents. Glasses containing 1 at.% Mn were synthesized and measured at 293 and 77 K, with additional temperature dependent observations, to relat…
This paper systematizes available data on binary phase diagrams of aluminum with other elements in order to characterize primary aluminum-based solid solutions, eutectics, peritectics, and monotectics from a unified periodic perspective. Using reference phase-diagram data, the author compares solubi…
This study examines how the molecular weight of homologous hydrocarbons affects their diffusion in polymers over a range extending from small molecules to low molecular weight polyethylene fractions. Using an interferometric micromethod, the authors measured interdiffusion coefficients for hydrocarb…
This paper examines how crystallization in linear polyconjugated polymers may disrupt coplanarity of macromolecular segments and thereby weaken conjugation. Comparing polyazines and poly-Schiff bases with differing X-ray crystallinity, the authors relate amorphous structure to stronger manifestation…
This paper presents a direct electron microscopic method for investigating the electrical microrelief of crystalline surfaces by decorating charged surface regions with charged colloidal particles. Using lead selenide colloidal particles adsorbed on silicon crystals and epitaxial silicon layers, the…
This paper examines how crystallization and supramolecular morphology affect the elastic properties of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers with varying vinyl acetate content. Using electron microscopy, X-ray data, and mechanical testing, the authors trace the transition from polyethylene-like spheruli…
This study examines crystallization and glass transition behavior in model polyether-urethane block copolymers containing aliphatic polyester blocks and arylene-containing polyester blocks. Thermomechanical measurements were used to determine glass-transition temperatures across several copolymer se…
This study examines the phase composition and structure of alloys in the molybdenum, nickel, boron ternary system containing up to 50 atomic percent boron. Cast and, for molybdenum and boron rich compositions, sintered alloys were annealed at 1000°C and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, microscopy, ele…
This study investigates the mechanism of polymer fracture by detecting free radicals formed during uniaxial tensile loading of highly oriented polycaprolactam fibers using electron paramagnetic resonance. Experiments on unstabilized fibers and fibers containing di-beta-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine sh…
This paper refines earlier structural data for synthetic sodium zeolite Zh by excluding weak X-ray lines attributed to crystalline impurities and recalculating the cubic lattice parameters. The revised Debyegram analysis gives a lattice constant of 8.88 ± 0.04 Å and indicates a sodalite-type framewo…
This study examines how macromolecular rigidity influences transition temperatures and crystalline morphology in triethylcellulose, a rigid-chain cellulose ether. Using thermomechanical testing, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and optical microscopy, the authors distinguish two reproducible …
This paper examines how axial dislocations bend and twist thin ribbon-like crystals and how these deformations can be measured by diffraction electron microscopy. Using distortions and displacements of extinction contours, the authors derive procedures for determining local surface-normal orientatio…
This paper addresses the determination of polymer transition temperatures when materials are available as powders, for which conventional thermomechanical testing usually requires conversion to monolithic specimens and may introduce irreversible changes. The authors propose measuring deformation dir…
This study examines the physical properties of titanium carbide across its homogeneity range, focusing on discrepancies in reported temperature dependences of electrical resistivity. Titanium carbide specimens with varying carbon deficiency were prepared by reaction with titanium and hot pressing, t…
This paper examines how changing solvent power with a nonsolvent affects the physico-mechanical properties of concentrated polymer solutions. Using a copolymer of acrylonitrile with methyl acrylate in propylene carbonate mixed with varying amounts of dibutyl phthalate, the study measures glass-trans…
This paper examines the electrical properties of limited solid solutions of CdTe in InSb, a semiconductor system with solubility restricted to about 5.5 percent CdTe. Polycrystalline samples containing 1 to 5 percent CdTe were prepared from purified components, and conductivity, Hall coefficient, th…
This paper examines whether the dependence of effective viscosity on deformation rate in condensed linear polymers can be expressed by a universal reduced relationship. Using reduced viscosity and reduced deformation rate, the authors compare 51 flow curves for various polymer melts and concentrated…
This study examines phase transformations during catalytic crystallization of cordierite-composition glass in the SiO2, Al2O3, MgO system containing 10 mol.% TiO2. Glass samples were crystallized between 800 and 1200°C and analyzed by X-ray phase analysis and differential thermal analysis to determi…
This study examines the sintering behavior of high purity active magnesium oxide prepared by calcining spectrally pure magnesium hydroxide or carbonate, with attention to precursor choice, calcination temperature, firing temperature, and sintering kinetics. Experiments on pressed specimens showed th…
This paper examines the kinetics of diffusionless polymorphic transformations in zirconium dioxide during cooling, focusing on the relation between isothermal and athermal martensitic behavior. Using X-ray observations of high-purity zirconia and metastable tetragonal zirconia obtained from zirconiu…
The study determines the phase equilibrium diagram of the chromium, osmium system, for which previous work had established two intermetallic compounds and substantial mutual solubility. Alloys of selected compositions were prepared by arc melting, homogenized and annealed at several temperatures, th…
This paper discusses the use of geometrical methods for constructing phase diagrams of multicomponent metallic systems, where experimental determination of all sections can be laborious. The method is illustrated for an isothermal three-dimensional section of the seven-component Ni, Cr, W, Mo, Nb, T…
This paper investigates the sectorial distribution of nitrogen, boron, and aluminum impurities in cubic beta-SiC crystals grown from the gas phase by thermal decomposition of methyltrichlorosilane in hydrogen. Using natural faceting, etching behavior, transmitted-light observations, resistivity meas…
This study examines strength-related characteristics of chemical bonding in titanium-oxygen alloys in the alpha-titanium solid-solution range, with particular attention to the compounds Ti6O and Ti3O formed during prolonged annealing. Alloys containing 0 to 32 atomic percent oxygen were prepared, an…
Single crystals of the ternary chalcopyrite compounds ZnSiP2, CdSiP2, and ZnSiAs2 were investigated as little studied wide band-gap semiconductors expected to show high carrier mobility. X-ray diffraction, optical, etching, microstructural, microhardness, and electrical measurements were used to det…
This study examines the molecular-sieve behavior of carbon adsorbents, focusing on the accessibility of micropores to molecules of different sizes. Adsorption isotherms for water, benzene, oxygen, and nitrogen, together with mercury porosimetry, were used to characterize a heat-treated wood-based ca…
The paper examines anodic protection and overprotection of VT-1 titanium in 20 percent hydrochloric acid at 20 and 80 degrees C, with emphasis on defining potential ranges that maintain stable passivity while limiting corrosion and energy losses. Using potentiostatic measurements with a rotating dis…
