SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 680 papers in Earth & Space Sciences
This paper analyzes deep seismic sounding data from a 214 km profile in Kazakhstan to evaluate how deterministic and random heterogeneities in the Earth’s crust affect first-arrival amplitudes and travel times. The authors formulate a statistical crustal model in which longitudinal-wave velocity is …
This paper examines whether the 14 month oscillation of mean sea level known as the pole tide is a real oceanic phenomenon rather than an artifact of weak spectral or harmonic signals near the noise level. It derives the expected tide from the variation of the centrifugal-force potential associated …
This paper reports measurements of Earth and atmospheric thermal radio emission from the Kosmos-243 satellite at wavelengths of 8.5, 3.4, 1.35, and 0.8 cm, aimed at developing microwave methods for geophysical remote sensing. Using radiometric brightness temperatures and atmospheric absorption relat…
This paper develops a numerical method for linearized baroclinic ocean circulation problems in a cylindrical basin of constant depth, using orthogonal vertical expansions to reduce the governing equations to two-dimensional modal problems. A time-discrete formulation leads, after elimination of velo…
This paper evaluates whether large lunar craters and round maria can be explained by meteoritic explosions using experimental scaling relations for large ejection explosions rather than simple extrapolations from terrestrial craters and smaller explosions. It calculates meteorite penetration depths …
This note derives asymptotic formulas for the plane and spherical albedo of a planet with an atmosphere of infinite optical thickness, allowing an arbitrary scattering indicatrix and assuming the single-scattering parameter is close to unity. Using relations between the atmospheric reflection coeffi…
The paper examines direct methods for determining the chemical composition of the lunar surface as a basis for comparing lunar material with terrestrial rock types and stony meteorites. Using published lunar measurements and average elemental abundances in major terrestrial rocks and chondrites, it …
This paper examines similarity in natural river channels formed in noncohesive deposits, arguing that dynamically similar flows should have geometrically similar channels. Using width to depth ratio, curvature, sediment scale, Froude number, and suspended sediment content as similarity criteria, it …
This paper examines the global modulation of sustained geomagnetic Pc 2 to Pc 4 oscillations and its relationship to the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field in the ecliptic plane. Using IMP I measurements from December 1 to 14, 1963, compared with continuous ground records of Pc activit…
This paper examines whether developing cumulus clouds can be disrupted by artificially initiated downdrafts, using a theoretical model of spontaneous ascending and descending jets in an unstable atmospheric layer. Treating cumulus clouds as unstable layers with conical jets, the authors compare calc…
This paper reports results from the deployment of thirteen “Zemlya” seismic recording stations in Tashkent from June to December 1966, organized to investigate crustal structure and the causes of the April 1966 Tashkent earthquake. Using records of distant, nearby, and local earthquakes, together wi…
This paper formulates a nonstationary hydrodynamic model for an inhomogeneous ocean, extending an earlier stationary treatment to include time-dependent adjustment of level, velocity, temperature, salinity, and density under wind stress, atmospheric pressure gradients, and surface heat and salt flux…
This paper reports preliminary direct measurements of the chemical composition of the atmosphere of Venus obtained during the Venera 4 descent. Using physicochemical gas analyzers operated at two atmospheric levels, the study estimates an atmosphere dominated by carbon dioxide, about 90 percent with…
This paper reports measurements of the temperature, pressure, and density of the Venusian atmosphere obtained during the descent of the Venera-4 automatic interplanetary station on 18 October 1967. Using resistance thermometers, an aneroid manometer, and an ionization-chamber densitometer, the autho…
This paper reexamines the total transport method associated with Stommel, Sverdrup, and Munk for steady ocean currents in a closed basin. Starting from the momentum, continuity, density transport, and boundary condition equations, it argues that a frictionless bottom condition leads to an inadequate…
This paper develops a two-layer ageostrophic model of baroclinic instability for atmospheric and oceanic flows, aiming to reconcile quasi-geostrophic results such as Phillips’ model with Kochin’s ageostrophic theory. Starting from linearized momentum, continuity, and pressure-interface conditions on…
This paper examines neutrino and antineutrino energy emission in very hot stellar matter when the Pauli exclusion principle makes occupation of final neutrino states non-negligible, especially during relativistic collapse. Using a simplified homogeneous and isotropic model of an emitting stellar reg…
The paper studies Hill stability in the unrestricted Newtonian three-body problem for negative energy and nonzero angular momentum. Using an inequality related to Sundman’s inequality, it introduces a dimensionless stability index and reduces the question to the geometry of level curves of a functio…
This paper examines how moisture affects elastic wave velocities in crystalline rocks, with implications for interpreting seismic velocity sections of the Earth’s crust. Longitudinal wave velocities were measured in dry, air-dry, water-saturated, and oil-saturated samples from the Baltic Shield and …
This paper examines the composition and elastic properties of candidate upper mantle rocks and minerals using measured longitudinal and transverse wave velocities for ultrabasic rocks from the Monchegorsk pluton, supplemented by shock-compression data and published mineral data. Density, bulk modulu…
This paper examines the use of transverse and converted waves in deep seismic sounding of the Earth’s crust, based on recordings of industrial explosions in the Urals by “Zemlya” seismic stations. The authors compare longitudinal and transverse wave fields under low-frequency filtering and identify …
The paper proposes a mechanism for the rotation and orientation of nonspherical cosmic dust grains based on statistical fluctuations in impacts from directed particle or photon fluxes, a factor neglected in earlier models of grain alignment. Using Poisson estimates for unequal impacts on opposite si…
This paper addresses the apparent absence of a significant lunar atmosphere despite evidence that volcanic activity, meteorite impacts, and radioactive decay could release gases from the Moon. It argues that thermal escape alone cannot account for the loss of heavier atmospheric constituents, and th…
This paper addresses biases in conventional determinations of the stellar luminosity function and local stellar density, especially the underestimation of low-luminosity stars and the unjustified linear extrapolation of apparent density to zero distance. It proposes a method based on assuming a Pois…
This paper presents a computational model for estimating deposition on the underlying surface of a heavy polydisperse atmospheric impurity released from an instantaneous volume source in a wind field whose velocity varies arbitrarily with height but is constant in time. The model neglects vertical t…
This paper examines whether ground-based observations of Pc 2 to 4 geomagnetic micropulsations can be used to estimate the size and displacement of the subsolar magnetosphere. The authors relate micropulsation periods to magnetospheric radius through a power law and determine the exponent by compari…
This paper synthesizes laboratory measurements of the high-temperature electrical conductivity of igneous rocks for use in interpreting thermodynamic conditions in the Earth’s crust and upper mantle. Based on about 200 rock samples, mainly from the Kola Peninsula with additional basalt and comparati…
This paper develops a perturbation theory for the Earth’s spheroidal normal oscillations, extending earlier treatments of torsional and radial modes to the more complicated sixth-order system governing coupled displacement and gravitational-potential perturbations. The authors formulate the spheroid…
This paper discusses geological conditions associated with the occurrence of rhombohedral 3R molybdenite in the Yellowknife district of Canada, in comparison with previously reported Soviet examples. It distinguishes three molybdenite settings, pegmatites, quartz veins, and quartz-feldspar porphyry,…
This paper reports 86 MHz observations of 560 radio sources from the 3C and 3CR catalogs made between 1965 and 1967 with the East West array of the DKR-1000 radio telescope. The authors describe the determination of right ascensions and relative flux densities, using primary and secondary calibratio…
This paper examines Pi1 micropulsation bursts observed at the magnetically conjugate stations Cogra and Kerguelen, with attention to their occurrence, spectral structure, and relation to other geomagnetic disturbances. Using magnetogram comparisons, sonographic analysis, and autocorrelation function…
This paper reports a limited laboratory simulation of the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetic field, with experimental parameters chosen to preserve the relevant dimensionless conditions for magnetic Reynolds number, Mach number, Alfvén Mach number, collisionless dissipation,…
This paper investigates the time development of western intensification in wind-driven ocean currents, using a linear homogeneous ocean model with vertical turbulent viscosity, variable Coriolis parameter, and a closed rectangular basin outside the equator. A numerical experiment is performed for an…
This paper examines geothermal conditions in a permafrost area of the Yenisei sector of the Arctic, based on temperature logging in 96 abandoned boreholes to depths of up to 500 m in the upper Pyasina River basin. The study documents strong spatial variability in rock temperatures, geothermal gradie…
This paper examines the character of the geomagnetic field during polarity reversals using paleomagnetic data from terrigenous red beds of the Evenki suite exposed near Krasnyi Yar on the middle Angara River. The study evaluates the origin and stability of natural remanent magnetization through mine…
This paper examines whether discrepancies between observed and theoretical dynamic characteristics of seismic waves reflected from the mantle, core boundary can be explained by a thin-layer transition region rather than by a simple boundary between two half-spaces. Using published observations of Pc…
This paper reports a second rocket experiment designed to estimate the relative rate constants of the ionospheric ion molecule reactions of O+ with N2 and O2 directly in the upper atmosphere. During a 1967 daytime midlatitude flight, air was released near a radio frequency mass spectrometer at about…
Measurements of the spectra of 55 discrete cosmic radio sources were made in the decameter range from 25 to 12.6 MHz, using a broadband radio telescope with electrical beam steering, with reliable tabulated flux densities for 38 sources. The results show that many low-frequency spectra deviate subst…
This paper extends astronomical calculations of climatic insolation variations caused by secular changes in the Earth’s orbital eccentricity, longitude of perihelion, and obliquity. Building on Milanković’s formulation and later recalculations, the authors revise trigonometric precession formulas, d…
Continuous reflected-wave seismic profiling was used to examine the sedimentary sequence of the Sea of Japan along four profiles totaling about 300 km, extending across the deep-water basin and toward adjacent continental slopes. The records distinguish a deep-basin sedimentary cover divided into an…
This paper examines the role of electrical properties in precipitation formation in warm cumulus and stratocumulus clouds. Aircraft measurements of droplet charge, size distribution, and electric-field potential gradient are combined with calculations of collision efficiency for charged droplets mov…
This paper examines horizontal temperature variability in the ocean surface layer as a physical process relevant to air sea interaction, convective mixing, and turbulence generation. Continuous electrothermograph measurements from the first cruise of the research vessel Akademik Kurchatov in the Atl…
This paper reports measurements and interpretation of near-bottom currents at great depths in the Black Sea, based on more than 30 velocity profiles obtained with autonomous instruments recording current speed and direction at multiple horizons. The observations show pronounced velocity maxima in th…
This paper examines the stability of rotating self-gravitating bodies of revolution under radial perturbations, including perturbations that cause crossing of mass layers. Using an energy method for systems of spherical and cylindrical layers with conserved angular momenta, the authors show that rad…
This paper studies the stability of inverse problems in geometrical seismology for a spherically symmetric Earth, where seismic velocity is to be inferred from hodographs. It treats separately the cases of a surface source and a deep source, formulating the corresponding integral equations and using…
This paper examines whether the westward drift of the geomagnetic field is a real geophysical phenomenon and what its existence implies for interpretations of dipole and non-dipole components of the main field. Using archaeomagnetic secular variation curves, especially inclination data from regions …
This paper treats a nonlinear nonstationary problem for planetary scale atmospheric motions using a baroclinic two level model on the sphere. The stream functions at 300 and 700 mb are represented by a small set of spherical harmonic modes, and a Galerkin procedure reduces the governing equations to…
This paper reports radio astronomical measurements of small scale inhomogeneities in the interplanetary plasma using simultaneous observations of scintillations from compact radio sources at three stations separated by about 220 km. Applying a similarity method to daily observations of 3C-48 in 1967…
This paper examines whether the sizes and masses of icy cometary nuclei can be inferred from the production of observed radicals such as CN and C2 through photodissociation of short lived parent molecules. Using photon fluxes, assumed dissociation energies, emission coefficients, and simple conserva…
