SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper examines the accuracy and stability of an aircraft roll stabilization system subject to stationary random disturbances when real system elements include nonlinearities such as saturation or dead zones. Using frequency methods with statistical linearization, supplemented by harmonic linear…
This paper examines the onset of subharmonic oscillations in a damped nonlinear mechanical system consisting of an elastic link, a mass, and a rigid limiter under harmonic excitation. Using the first approximation of Galerkin’s method, it formulates an approximate solution containing the forced comp…
This paper analyzes forced oscillations in a tracking system whose mechanical transmission contains backlash, a nonlinearity that can significantly affect accuracy when driving displacements are comparable to the clearance. Using harmonic linearization, the clearance characteristic and the amplitude…
This paper examines how the density of a homogeneous rotor material affects the accuracy of a small gimbal-suspended gyroscope when rotor shapes are not constrained to be geometrically similar. Using drift-rate expressions that include friction in current leads and the weights of gimbal frames, it d…
This paper examines methodological errors in precision inertial navigation that arise when the Earth’s nonsphericity is neglected in onboard algorithms for constructing the inertial vertical. Modeling the Earth as a slightly flattened ellipsoid, the authors derive coordinate transformations between …
This paper develops a unified engineering calculation method for single-turn Bourdon pressure-gauge springs with constant wall thickness and plano-oval, oval, or figure-eight-shaped cross sections. It shows that these practically important profiles can be described by common geometric parameters, en…
This paper presents a numerical method for determining the zeros and poles of a minimum-phase transfer function by constructing moment sequences associated with its weighting function. Recurrence formulas are derived for real sequences whose asymptotic behavior identifies roots of smallest and large…
This paper examines flow characteristics of servo spool valve metering ports at small axial openings and overlaps, where radial clearance and edge geometry can make the actual flow area differ markedly from the conventional thin-orifice approximation. Using previously published empirical data and gr…
This paper examines how undissolved air affects the bulk modulus and dynamic behavior of working fluids in volumetric hydraulic drives. It develops analytical expressions for the tangent bulk modulus of a gas-liquid mixture under two deformation schemes: a closed cavity with a fixed initial air-to-l…
This paper addresses the selection of principal magnetic circuit dimensions for integrating asynchronous tachogenerators with hollow rotors, where high accuracy, compact size, material utilization, unification, and manufacturability impose competing design constraints. Adapting a method previously u…
A method is presented for determining the error of measuring devices when variations in structural parameters are too large for a simple linear differential approximation to be adequate. Starting from a transfer function expressed as a ratio of adjoints, the paper derives a relative error formula th…
This paper examines how the waveform of an alternating voltage affects the readings of electronic voltmeters calibrated in rms values for sinusoidal signals. It analyzes errors associated with amplitude, average-rectified, and rms converters through the crest factor and form factor, comparing sinuso…
This paper examines square-wave voltage pulse generators intended for calibration and verification applications, with emphasis on circuits using bipolar switching of the load resistor. It analyzes bridge and trigger-key generator arrangements, derives expressions for the stabilization coefficient of…
This paper examines how a metrological complex can be rationally divided into separate laboratories using formal optimality criteria. It defines partial criteria for minimizing duplication of reference measuring instruments and balancing the number of instruments, verified parameters, verification t…
The paper addresses the organization of metrological support for verifying working measuring instruments and the rational partitioning of this support into metrology laboratories. It represents the relations between working and reference measuring instruments as a König graph, then formulates labora…
The paper analyzes normative and technical documentation for the State System for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements and argues that its prevailing instrument-based structure creates verification gaps, frequent revisions, and unnecessary duplication as new measuring instruments appear. It propo…
This paper analyzes two modifications of the double T-shaped RC null bridge that permit frequency tuning by changing a single element, a two-input bridge and a bridge with separated circuits. Using transfer-function expressions, it compares their amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristi…
This paper examines ways to improve the resolving power and stability of differential indicators for precision comparison and measurement of alternating voltages. It compares single-channel, non-simultaneous comparison systems with simultaneous-comparison designs, analyzing limitations related to co…
This paper describes the GK-12A generator-calibrator, a modernized calibrated voltage source developed to improve the metrological performance and functional simplicity of the earlier GK-12. The authors identify limitations of the previous design, including low-frequency nonlinear distortion, freque…
The paper describes the GK-8A precision AC voltage generator-calibrator, intended for verifying AC voltmeters and AC-to-DC converters by providing calibrated and stable output voltages. Its design is based on two measuring transducers: a diode rectifier with thermal compensation for short-term stabi…
This paper examines the design of precision voltage stabilizers for low and infralow frequencies, focusing on the conflict between high stabilization coefficient, low nonlinear distortion, and fast response. It analyzes closed-loop and open-loop stabilizer structures with rms, average-value, and amp…
This paper examines control devices for automatic regulation of calibrated alternating-voltage sources, focusing on reducing nonlinear distortion while preserving useful regulating characteristics. It analyzes circuits based on electron beam-deflection tubes with feedback or compensation arrangement…
This paper examines the design of a high-speed converter from alternating voltage to direct voltage proportional to rms value, with emphasis on improving response at low frequencies. It analyzes the role of the averaging filter in an rms converter with feedback, deriving relations between filter tim…
This paper examines measuring elements for stabilizing the rms value of precision alternating voltage sources, with emphasis on quasi-rms transducers based on piecewise-linear approximation of a quadratic current-voltage characteristic. It proposes a least-squares approximation algorithm for quasi-s…
This paper examines error mechanisms in rms value comparators using periodic substitution, with emphasis on post-commutation transients that arise when comparing alternating and direct voltages. The authors model a photoelectric measuring converter with an incandescent lamp and photoresistor as a qu…
This paper analyzes low-frequency amplitude-stable oscillators with nonlinear regulating elements, focusing on the coupled effects of nonlinear distortion, amplitude stabilization coefficient, stability, and transient duration. Using a block representation of self-oscillators, harmonic-balance relat…
This article examines the All-Union Committee for Higher Technical Education, established in 1932 as the first all-Union state body coordinating Soviet higher technical education. It situates the Committee within the demands of industrialization and the Second Five-Year Plan, describing its role in …
This article examines losses of working time due to temporary incapacity for work as a significant reserve for increasing labor productivity, with particular attention to sanitary and hygienic working conditions. Using data from the TEMZ plant in 1966 to 1970, it links morbidity, especially colds, b…
The article examines methodological disagreements in Soviet discussions of the professional division of labor, especially whether it should be treated as an enduring form of the social division of labor or as a transient phenomenon overcome by technical progress and the all-round development of the …
The article examines how industrial enterprises can improve workforce structure by refining the division and cooperation of labor. Drawing on working day observations, worker surveys, and examples from machine-building plants, it argues for combining trades and functions, expanding multi-machine ser…
This paper examines the economic relationship between technological progress and the quality, reliability, and durability of machinery, with particular attention to logging equipment. It argues that improvements in machine quality are justified when the resulting savings of social labor and operatin…
This article examines material incentives for accelerating scientific and technological progress at socialist enterprises, focusing on the role of bonuses in aligning individual, collective, and national economic interests. It argues that ordinary wage systems cannot adequately reflect variable fact…
This article examines the managerial decision as a central function in the management of the socialist economy under conditions of increasing production complexity associated with the scientific and technological revolution. It situates management within Marxist-Leninist theory, contrasts capitalist…
This article develops a theoretical account of “excess surplus product” as a category of socialist political economy and as one form through which scientific and technological advances are realized in production. It argues that socialist production cannot be analyzed by direct analogy with capitalis…
This article examines the theoretical content and practical scope of economic accountability in Soviet scientific institutions. It reviews competing interpretations of economic accountability as accounting, profit-based, functional, interest-based, or commodity-money relations, and argues instead th…
This article examines the theoretical and organizational basis for extending cost accounting to applied research institutes within the socialist economy. It argues that because scientific and design organizations participate in the social division of labor, produce results with use value and value, …
The article examines how the scale of scientific activity should be determined in a socialist society, criticizing approaches that extrapolate exponential growth or correlate aggregate science indicators with national income, labor productivity, or production functions. It argues that such methods t…
This article examines material incentive mechanisms for employees of socialist research institutes, focusing on how bonus funds are formed and distributed in light of the distinctive features of scientific labor. It argues that systems based mainly on wage funds and planned estimates are weakly conn…
This article examines the economic meaning of the efficiency of scientific research and the productivity of scientific labor within Soviet debates on planning, investment, and scientific and technological progress. It criticizes narrow definitions based on cost to result ratios, profitability, or fo…
This article examines how scientific and technological progress affects the rational use of non-working time, with particular attention to working women and the persistence of a “second working day” in domestic labor. Drawing on Marxist-Leninist concepts of the economy of time and on Soviet time-bud…
This article examines the content and distinctive features of research and teaching work in higher education, relating the quality of specialist training to the qualifications of scientific and pedagogical personnel. It analyzes scientific labor and pedagogical labor as separate processes, comparing…
This article analyzes engineering and technical labor as a distinct form of labor within the social division of labor, addressing ambiguities in the concepts of engineer and engineering and technical workers. Drawing on Marxist-Leninist theory, it traces the historical emergence of such labor from t…
This article examines Marx’s characterization of science as a fundamental form of social wealth, distinguishing between general methodological and historically specific meanings of wealth, productive forces, and science. It argues that science is both ideal wealth, as accumulated social knowledge, a…
This article traces the theoretical preconditions for the emergence of sociological research on the newspaper, situating them in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century development of sociology, social psychology, and public opinion studies. It examines the roles attributed to Tarde, Durkhei…
The article argues for sociological study of how Soviet youth perceive mass information in the press as part of the broader problem of forming a Marxist-Leninist worldview. It situates this topic at the intersection of research on mass media and propaganda, youth, and personality, and contends that …
This article examines the critique of Marxism-Leninism advanced by representatives of “neo-Christianity,” especially Nikolai Berdyaev, Sergei Bulgakov, and Semen Frank. It argues that these thinkers recast Marxism as a form of religion in order to challenge dialectical materialism, Marxist atheism, …
This article examines whether literary theory can attain completeness, adapting philosophical discussions of complete physical theory to the specific object and methods of literary studies. It argues that, unlike physical reality, the literary object is finite in the volume and content of works avai…
This article examines persuasion as a component of worldview formation, arguing that it cannot be understood only as knowledge but must also include the subject’s emotional, evaluative, and practical relation to what is known. Focusing on the psychological state termed faith or belief, the author re…
This article examines the effects of the scientific and technological revolution on the spiritual life of society from a Marxist-Leninist perspective. It defines the revolution as both a transformation within the science and technology system and a wider force acting on social, political, moral, ide…
