SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
The paper examines flotation treatment of coke plant wastewater containing oils, resins, phenols, pyridine bases, and other impurities that hinder conventional oil removal because part of the oil is present in dissolved rather than emulsified form. It proposes using quartz particles pretreated with …
A procedure is presented for determining trace manganese in high-purity iron by extraction-photometric measurement of the reddish-brown manganese formaldoxime complex. The method removes the main iron matrix by extraction from hydrochloric acid with diethyl ether, precipitates residual iron as hydro…
A photometric procedure is presented for determining trace vanadium in especially high-purity iron using diphenylcarbazone, a sensitive reagent whose application is limited by interference from iron and several accompanying elements. The method combines extraction of most iron and molybdenum from 6 …
This study examines the preparation of vanadium dioxide by reducing powdered vanadium anhydride with a constant flow of ammonia, seeking a faster alternative to previously used oxidation, solid-state heating, and vanadyl oxalate decomposition methods. The reduction was carried out for 30 minutes ove…
This paper addresses the quantitative determination of selenium and tellurium in technical alloys containing lead and antimony, where earlier alkaline reduction procedures are hindered by lead precipitation or incomplete reduction. It evaluates reducing agents for acidic conditions and proposes pyro…
A procedure is described for the sequential isolation and quantitative determination of selenium and tellurium from mixed salt solutions. The method exploits the selective reduction of tellurium(IV) by galactose in hot alkaline medium, with sodium sulfite suppressing selenium coprecipitation, follow…
This paper develops an anodic stripping polarographic procedure for determining trace bismuth, cadmium, and zinc in pure iron, extending an earlier approach limited by copper interference and possible intermetallic formation. The method dissolves the iron sample, extracts iron with a diethyl and dii…
This study compares a conventional sulfuric acid zinc-plating electrolyte with a sulfate-chloride-ammonium electrolyte for improving productivity and coating quality, especially on parts of complex configuration. The authors experimentally measured permissible cathodic current densities, zinc curren…
This paper describes an automatic device for classifying and marking cast iron pipes during production according to their minimum wall thickness, as required by standards that distinguish reject, LA, A, B, and thick walled classes. The system uses a radioisotope thickness meter based on backscattere…
The paper describes an automatic device for counting cast iron pipes in a production flow while identifying the manufacturer address, machine number, shift, and pipe class for transmission to a plant control panel. The proposed system reads a binary mechanical code cast into the pipe end face as pro…
This paper examines the choice and implementation of a drive for the magnetic-memory unit of a six-channel scintillation radiation flaw detector using statistical summation. It describes an automatic control system that synchronizes magnetic tape speed with the motion of the inspected object, using …
This paper addresses the calculation of gamma radiation reflected from a two-layer absorber, a problem relevant to radiation defectoscopy. Starting from a previously derived general expression for reflection from a finite first layer backed by a semi-infinite second layer, the authors improve the ap…
This paper examines gamma-ray nondestructive testing as a means of detecting hidden defects in round timber during continuous industrial processing, with the aim of supporting automated sorting and optimal bucking. It proposes an irradiation geometry in which a rotating gamma source and stationary d…
This paper examines how defect type and size affect the fundamental and second harmonic components of secondary EMF during two-frequency nondestructive testing of ferromagnetic materials. Experiments used through-type and surface-mounted sensors, with a 50 Hz low-frequency magnetic field and high-fr…
This article reviews the higher harmonics method for electromagnetic control and measurement of ferromagnetic materials and products with nonlinear remagnetization characteristics. It explains the method’s basis in harmonic analysis of sensor electromotive force or magnetizing current, including the…
This paper analyzes the sensitivity of a parallel oscillatory circuit containing a through-type eddy-current transducer to parameters of a cylindrical object, chiefly electrical conductivity and radius for nonferromagnetic cylinders. Analytical expressions are derived for the sensitivities of the ac…
This paper examines an electromagnetic flaw detector circuit in which a parametric eddy-current sensor is incorporated into the oscillatory circuit of a generator, intended for high-speed inspection of elongated nonmagnetic products. The authors describe a frequency-modulation approach in which defe…
This paper addresses noise immunity in automatic feed-through eddy-current flaw detectors, where mechanical shocks, vibration, mains pickup, fluctuation noise, and supply-voltage surges can cause false rejection of acceptable products. It describes a two-channel detector using two self-balancing fee…
This paper describes the development and use of mobile betatron laboratories for radiographic nondestructive testing of large parts, structural units, and reinforced concrete elements under field, shop, and assembly-site conditions. It outlines general technical requirements for such laboratories an…
The paper discusses the need for automatic decoding of radiographic images in nondestructive testing, emphasizing gains in speed, reliability, and potential feedback control of manufacturing processes. It outlines a proposed device that scans X-ray film, quantizes optical-density signals, detects de…
This paper addresses redundancy reduction in automatic interpretation of defectogram images, focusing on economical description through detection, filtering, and contour extraction. It formulates a Walsh-function-based filtering approach, defining amplitude attenuation coefficients through Walsh exp…
This paper addresses the automation of decoding radiographic defectograms, motivated by the high information volume of film images and the impracticality of direct full-resolution input into electronic computers. The authors argue for an intermediate, non-machine preprocessing stage that filters and…
This paper assesses the sensitivity of scintillation electron introscopy using fast monoenergetic electrons for detecting inhomogeneities and internal defects in relatively thin materials. The authors analyze the absorbed energy distribution behind a sample, focusing on thicknesses near the extrapol…
This paper formulates requirements for fast electron sources used in electron defectoscopy and introscopy, including adjustable and stable energy, narrow energy spread, sufficient beam intensity, low divergence, and uniform density. It relates the required electron energy to inspected material thick…
This paper analyzes the sensitivity of scintillation flaw detection using a monoenergetic fast electron beam, with emphasis on products of about 2 to 3 g/cm2 and layered structures in which low atomic number material is shielded by high atomic number layers. Using approximate relations for electron …
This paper compares the calculated sensitivity of idealized X-ray vidicon introscope systems using selenium and lead oxide targets under monoenergetic radiation from 20 to 200 keV. The authors model the first conversion stage, from incident radiation to absorbed target energy, and derive signal-to-n…
This paper evaluates how several 0.5 cm single-crystal scintillation screens degrade signal-to-noise ratio in radiation introscopes, supplementing earlier comparisons based on energy efficiency alone. The authors define a signal-to-noise degradation measure from the mean absorbed energy and its vari…
This paper examines the use of a fast neutron flaw detector for nondestructive inspection of reinforced concrete structures, especially where gamma radiography is limited by reinforcement and large section thicknesses. The authors compare gamma-ray and neutron attenuation in concrete and steel, then…
This paper examines automatic moisture measurement by fast neutrons for materials in which slow-neutron methods are affected by elements with high neutron absorption cross sections. It argues that a scintillation fast-neutron detector, used without preliminary moderation, can reduce neutron losses, …
This paper examines heat-transfer intensity during the nonequilibrium discharge of boiling water through cylindrical nozzles, a process relevant to transient thermal-power equipment behavior but difficult to study directly in moving flows. Using prior experimental and theoretical discharge data, the…
The paper addresses calculation of heating during vulcanization of single-core cables with rubber insulation, where the temperature at the lower boundary of the sheath is needed but the composite structure complicates analytical treatment. It formulates a finite-difference numerical scheme, based on…
This paper develops continued fraction methods for computing the gamma function by generalizing power series representations for the psi function and the logarithm of the gamma function. Starting from expansions involving the generalized Riemann zeta function, it derives formulas for \(\ln \Gamma(1+…
The paper examines the use of continued fractions for computing the Riemann zeta function, the generalized zeta function, and related series involving zeta values. Using positivity properties of certain Hankel determinants formed from the terms of these series, it derives continued fraction represen…
This paper studies the computation of selected hypergeometric functions of two variables by representing their power series expansions through suitable continued fractions. Using positivity of associated Hankel determinants for the series coefficients, the argument establishes that the functions con…
The paper studies the computation of incomplete Gauss and Kummer functions, defined by replacing a constant integration limit in the standard integral representations with a variable limit. It derives series representations for the resulting component integrals and uses positivity of associated Hank…
This paper derives location and modulus bounds for the zeros of two families of denominator polynomials arising from convergents to a continued fraction expansion of the confluent hypergeometric series. Using positivity properties of explicit formulas for the squared modulus in a half-plane, the aut…
This paper derives several transformation formulas for special hypergeometric series and discusses their computational use. It first transforms a finite polynomial in powers of z into a sum involving powers of 1 minus z and ratios of 1 minus z to z, yielding particular summation identities. It then …
The paper addresses calculation of the static operating throughput characteristic of an ANV extrusion press used to apply a rubber sheath to moving cable products, a relation needed for automatic diameter control and selection of technological regimes. It adapts screw press flow equations to the cab…
This paper examines adiabatic water outflow with vapor formation in nozzles, focusing on why short nozzles show strong departures from isentropic equilibrium while longer nozzles more closely approach equilibrium final states. It questions explanations based mainly on the ratio of residence time to …
This paper examines optimization of the theoretical cycle of steam turbine plants with adiabatic phase formation, focusing on the separator pressure and temperature that maximize cycle efficiency under fixed initial water, turbine inlet, and condenser conditions. Using thermodynamic relations, the a…
This paper examines furnace design requirements for boiler units burning coals from the Kansk-Achinsk Basin, focusing on preventing bonded ash deposits on convective heating surfaces. It argues, using prior studies and operating experience with several boiler and furnace types, that reliable operati…
The paper addresses tabular calculation of adiabatic processes for ideal gases with temperature dependent heat capacities when the final gas volume, rather than final pressure or temperature, is specified. It reformulates the entropy relation by introducing a tabulated auxiliary quantity based on th…
This paper investigates how the flow angle of attack affects the readings of a Venturi-type pressure amplifier, a factor noted as insufficiently described for large angles. Experiments in an aerodynamic tube measured the relative change in amplifier readings at Reynolds numbers of 42000, 54000, and …
This paper addresses the laborious iterative calculation of cooling surface requirements for steam condensation in horizontal tube bundles, particularly when tube numbers or operating temperatures vary. It derives explicit relations for heat flux density averaged over each pass and over an entire tw…
The paper examines how to assess the energy efficiency of regenerative feedwater heating schemes in turbine units when extraction drains are discharged partly or fully into the condenser. It argues that the commonly used efficiency expression based only on the regenerative energy coefficient is insu…
The paper formulates and defends a proposed fundamental law of adiabatic phase formation in water and steam systems undergoing isoentropic pressure release. It argues, using thermodynamic balance relations and phase-state considerations, that adiabatic vaporization and adiabatic condensation occur s…
The paper critiques prevailing theoretical and experimental approaches to wet steam expansion and two-phase gas dynamics in steam turbines. It argues that existing condensation, heat-transfer, temperature-difference, and droplet-growth models treat the process as one-sided steam condensation and the…
This paper investigates work hardening of hole surfaces produced by deep drilling with single-lip carbide drills, focusing on whether the plastic deformation caused by guide pads can provide surface properties comparable to heat treatment. Experiments on steel 45 jackhammer-barrel blanks measured mi…
This paper develops friction welding parameters for end tool blanks made of tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel R6M5 joined to structural steel 45 on the MOD MF-327 semiautomatic machine. Experimental trials varied heating pressure, forging pressure, and heating time for blank diameters of 11, 20, …
This paper addresses the development of ceramic fluxes for producing high-hardness, wear-resistant hardfacing layers without subsequent heat treatment. It presents a calculation method for selecting flux composition from structural diagrams and alloy recovery coefficients, including the contribution…
