SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper examines metamorphic zoning and titanium localization in the Shinda-Derba fault zone of the Eastern Sayan, where Proterozoic effusive rocks are strongly dislocated and associated with amphibolites, schists, migmatites, and gabbro-pyroxenite-serpentinite bodies. Using field relationships, …
This study examines how ultrasonic treatment affects crystallization, transcrystallization, primary carbide morphology, and nonmetallic inclusion distribution in R9 high-speed steel castings. Paired castings from each heat were poured into identical molds, with one subjected to ultrasound throughout…
This study examines how aluminum additions from 0.1 to 3.0 percent affect the hardness and red hardness of cast R9 type high speed steel, including variants with increased carbon content. Small heats were centrifugally cast, quenched in the mold, and subjected to repeated tempering at 560 to 650 deg…
This study investigates the face milling machinability of cast heat-resistant steels Kh25SN3D and EI 316, focusing on tool material, cutter geometry, cutting speeds, feeds, and tool-life criteria. Experiments on a horizontal milling machine compared several carbide grades and examined milling with a…
This study examines the turning machinability of high manganese G13L steel, whose strong work hardening complicates machining and can impose high loads on machine tools. Cast, quenched bushings were turned with mechanically clamped carbide inserts, and ten carbide grades were screened, followed by t…
This study examines the cutting dynamics of low-ductility LS-59-1 brass, focusing on how cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, rake angle, and tool wear affect cutting forces. Turning experiments over a wide range of speeds, feeds, and depths used carbide tools with several rake angles and measured for…
This paper reports experimental drilling tests on cast heat-resistant steels EI316 and Kh25SN3D, with and without scale, and hot-rolled 1Kh18N9T using high-speed steel drills. The study compares drill materials, sharpening methods, cutting geometry, helix angle, and selected drill designs under cons…
This study examines cutting forces in milling seven non-ferrous metals, motivated by the need to estimate power requirements for high-speed milling machines. Using horizontal and vertical milling machines equipped with inductive elastoelectric measuring devices, the authors measured spindle torque, …
This paper examines how artificially restricting the chip contact length on a cutting tool affects chip formation and cutting mechanics, with particular attention to errors caused by built-up-edge formation. Experiments in turning 12KhN3 steel used tools with shortened rake faces over several rake a…
This study examines how the mechanical properties of BrB2 beryllium bronze influence chip formation during turning. Specimens of the same alloy were quenched and tempered to obtain different hardness levels while preserving microstructure, then cut under controlled tool geometry, feed, depth of cut,…
This paper examines how cutting tool material affects chip formation under frictional conditions marked by high contact pressure, clean surfaces, and plastic deformation in the chip contact layer. Cutting experiments were conducted primarily on lead, using tools with varied material properties, and …
This paper examines contact phenomena on the rake face of a cutting tool and their role in chip formation, tool wear, cutting forces, and chip shrinkage. Drawing on experiments with 14 work materials, it compares chip shrinkage, cutting temperature, contact length, cutting force, and calculated stre…
This paper examines the strength calculation of the cutting part of a cutter by studying contact stress distributions on the rake and flank faces during orthogonal cutting. Using a polarization optical method with optically sensitive model cutters, lead and other metals, and varied feed, rake angle,…
The paper develops an analytical treatment of forces, deformation, and stresses in metal cutting under the continuous-chip formation model. It relates friction on the rake face to the shear angle, uses kinematic analysis to express dimensionless cutting-force parameters through chip deformation and …
This paper formulates the stress state in a continuous chip during orthogonal cutting as a plane contact problem in elasticity. Treating the cutter as a rigid punch acting on an elastic isotropic region, it uses complex variable methods and conformal mapping of the cutting zone to derive boundary va…
This paper examines how artificially imposed unsteadiness in a gas flow affects the transition and behavior of a granular bed in fluidized-bed apparatuses. It develops simplified gas-dynamic relations for stationary and nonstationary flow through pore channels, arguing that positive unsteady pressur…
This paper examines how wear affects the contact strength and pitting resistance of different sections of spur gear tooth profiles, with particular attention to whether the commonly observed higher endurance of tooth tips remains valid under all operating conditions. Drawing on tests of two-stage re…
This article reports comparative tests on the wear of straight-tooth gear wheels in ER-16 mining electric drill gearboxes operated with liquid lubricants, following earlier tests using solid grease. Gear pairs were run under constant load with autol and automotive-tractor transmission oil, and wear,…
This paper develops an analytical method for determining the acceleration time and speed variation of an electric drive using a safety turbo coupling, with attention to drives powered by squirrel-cage induction motors. The approach represents the induction motor and turbo coupling by simplified stat…
This paper examines how the actual contact area between solid bodies changes when a tangential shear load is applied after normal compression. Motivated by differing theoretical and experimental views, the authors report two experimental series: tests on steel and copper conical asperity models comp…
This paper examines two experimentally observed features of deformation in discrete contacts between solid bodies under compression. The authors analyze the near constancy of the ratio of elastic approach under repeated loading to total elastoplastic approach under first loading, using a model of ro…
This paper investigates the stress and strain state in double shear during the stage of developed plastic deformation preceding fracture. Using hardness measurements and division grids on metal specimens, the authors show that principal strain directions remain essentially fixed at 45 degrees to the…
This paper examines radial compression as an indirect method for determining the tensile strength of gray cast iron, addressing the difficulty and scatter associated with direct tensile testing of brittle materials. Experiments on cast irons with Brinell hardness from 110 to 210 HB relate tensile st…
This paper examines the stress state of cylindrical specimens subjected to radial compression between parallel plates, a problem relevant to transverse forging and rolling. Using strongly work-hardening steel specimens, the authors calibrate hardness against stress and strain intensity under axial c…
This paper reports an experimental study of complex loading in which the principal stress axes are rotated while the stress intensity is kept constant under uniaxial compression. Annealed D16 duralumin specimens, prepared as cubes and plates, were compressed plastically, unloaded, recut at prescribe…
This paper examines mathematical and physical difficulties in applying conventional deformation plasticity theory to bodies and structures exhibiting an ideal plastic yield plateau, particularly the loss of a one-to-one relation between generalized stress and strain and the incompatibility with simp…
The paper reexamines the common assumption in plasticity theory that volumetric deformation remains linearly elastic even in the plastic range. Using relations for simple loading with deformation-dependent elastic-plastic characteristics, it argues that hydrostatic compression experiments determine …
This paper examines whether the length of a Bourdon pressure-gauge spring can be substantially reduced without a proportional loss of sensitivity. Using a geometric model of the spring axis under pressure, the authors derive expressions for the displacement of the spring end as a function of central…
This paper examines how kinetic energy is transferred during impact between the striker and drill rod in drilling and demolition hammers. It compares two wave-theory treatments: one accounting for wave propagation in both striker and rod, following Belyaev, and another deriving a transfer coefficien…
This paper analyzes a circuit for increasing the energy delivered by a shock, or impulse, generator to an inductive load by operating it together with a precharged capacitor bank. The authors derive operational and time-domain expressions for generator current, load current, and capacitor voltage du…
This paper examines the selection of stator winding arrangements for single-phase shock generators intended to produce high-energy magnetic fields, including applications in accelerator power supplies. Using theoretical analysis, experimental harmonic measurements, and Minsk-1 computer calculations,…
This paper examines how to choose the principal dimensions of single-pulse impulse generators built on turbogenerator principles, where maximum delivered electromagnetic energy rather than economic cost or steady thermal limits is the governing design criterion. The authors derive expressions relati…
This paper examines commutation in transverse-field electric-machine amplifiers operating with alternating current, focusing on the effects of transformer coupling among the control, compensation, armature, auxiliary-pole, and commutated winding sections. Using vector analysis and experiments on EMA…
This paper proposes a production-stage method for detecting casting defects in the squirrel cage of unmachined induction motor rotors, a problem that existing factory acceptance tests may miss until after assembly. The method uses a special test installation with an enlarged-gap multiphase stator su…
This paper examines controlled discrete converter motor drives using silicon controlled valves and forced commutation, with emphasis on improving speed regulation, efficiency, and power factor. It develops commutation circuits using either an auxiliary direct current source or resonant capacitor cha…
This paper analyzes pulse-width current regulation in active-inductive loads using semiconductor switching devices and an uncontrolled shunting valve. It derives transient and steady-state current expressions for three practical circuit arrangements: a reversible bridge circuit, a nonreversible swit…
This paper presents a techno-economic method for determining optimal structural dimensions of power transformers by minimizing calculated costs associated with core material, winding material, and losses. The authors formulate transformer design equations with variable copper filling factors and app…
This paper addresses the choice of pole geometry for star-shaped permanent magnets in high-torque stepper motors, where effective use of rotor volume is critical. It develops a method for selecting the pole-arc coefficient from the condition of maximum static synchronizing torque, using the magnetic…
This paper examines how the rotating-field method can be adapted for analyzing induction micromotors with a nonuniform air gap, such as split-pole motors, where a rotating magnetomotive force produces fluxes of varying magnitude depending on direction. It argues that the difficulty can be avoided by…
This paper analyzes the single-step dynamics of a multiphase reactive stepper motor under simplifying assumptions that reduce the electromechanical model to a nonlinear rotor equation with a cubic approximation of motor torque. It derives analytical and semi-analytical expressions for step time and …
This paper analyzes how eddy currents in the conductors of a printed armature affect the main excitation field of a direct current machine. The conductor is idealized as an infinite elliptic cylinder in a uniform alternating magnetic field, and Maxwell’s quasi-stationary equations are solved in elli…
This paper develops a simplified analytical treatment of a single-phase induction motor with an auxiliary winding, using symmetrical components for an equivalent two-phase system. Starting from relations between the direct and quadrature magnetomotive-force components and the transformation coeffici…
The paper addresses the selection of the active conductor width in disk printed armatures for DC motors, where conductor geometry affects both dynamic response and thermal losses. It develops analytical expressions for the relative conductor width that minimizes the electromechanical time constant a…
This paper examines how compensation of armature reaction should be adjusted in a transverse-field electric machine amplifier when it operates with an alternating control signal or in dynamic direct-current conditions. It analyzes the conventional method of shunting an overcompensated compensating w…
This paper develops a structural diagram and electronic analog model for a cross-field electric machine amplifier operating with internal rigid and flexible feedback loops. Starting from differential equations expressed through resultant longitudinal and transverse fluxes, the authors incorporate ef…
This paper proposes a simplified analytical method for selecting the principal geometric ratios of transformers regulated by magnetic biasing of shunts so as to reduce the volume or weight of active materials. The method expresses core and winding dimensions through dimensionless coefficients, separ…
This paper develops calculation relations for impulse-power generators, distinguishing them from breaking-power generators and emphasizing energy delivered to an inductive load as a primary design criterion. It derives simplified expressions for surge current, impulse power, electromagnetic energy, …
This paper examines how to choose the principal geometric proportions of a valve-type direct-current electromagnet so that active materials are used more effectively than in designs based only on a conventional design factor. Using simplifying thermal and magnetic assumptions, it derives a geometric…
This paper describes a synchronous brushless frequency converter intended to supply high-frequency asynchronous motors, such as those used in portable electric drills, while avoiding unreliable or unsafe sliding contacts. The proposed machine combines a synchronous motor and synchronous generator in…
This paper investigates temperature fields in low-power P-series DC machines of types PB, PO, and P in order to assess winding insulation loading and identify cooling improvements. Using 100 to 150 embedded copper-constantan thermocouples per motor, supplemented by resistance measurements, the study…
