SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 30 of 680 papers in Earth & Space Sciences
This paper presents a method for short-range forecasting of atmospheric pressure using high-speed electronic computing machines, based on simplified geostrophic and adiabatic equations for a flat Earth. The governing system is reduced to an elliptic equation for the geopotential tendency, solved thr…
This paper examines the downward continuation of gravitational and magnetic potential fields from measurements on the earth’s surface, noting limitations in commonly used mean value and Renvoy formulas and deriving an error term for the latter. It proposes instead to continue suitable analytic funct…
This paper develops a linearized theory of steady wind-driven currents in a stratified deep sea, extending earlier treatments by allowing more general density stratification and wind-stress distributions. Using hydrostatic balance, turbulent diffusion, and Fourier representations of the wind field, …
This paper reports observations of the intense coronal Fe XIII lines at 10747 and 10798 Å using a diffraction spectrograph equipped with an electron-optical converter at the coronal station of the Astrophysical Institute of the Kazakh SSR. The authors describe the instrumental arrangement, calibrati…
This paper examines how atmospheric pressure fields influence compressions and dilations of sea ice in the Arctic Basin under steady and unsteady drift. Using equations for ice motion that include wind stress, water friction, Coriolis effects, and sea-surface slope, it shows that for steady drift th…
This paper examines the interaction forces between the Earth’s core and shell that arise from nutational motion, using differences between theoretical nutation for a rigid Earth and astrometrically observed nutation of the shell. Fedorov derives expressions for the moments of these forces, estimates…
This paper examines the high-latitude geographical distribution and daily timing of anomalously high ionospheric absorption of short radio waves, especially its relation to magnetic disturbances and auroral zones. Using published observations from a network of ionospheric stations and comparing the …
This paper reports photoelectric observations of the intensity and polarization of twilight-sky light at the zenith, made in September and October 1955 at the Mountain Observatory of the Astrophysical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. Measurements in four spectral regions show …
This paper evaluates paleomagnetism as a method for correlating and subdividing sedimentary sequences, using oriented samples from Pliocene deposits in Western Turkmenia. Measurements of natural remanent magnetization and magnetic susceptibility in red-bed and related sections show stratigraphically…
This study examines whether mechanically twinned calcite differs from the parent crystal only by lattice orientation or also by defect structure and stored deformation energy. Mechanically twinned calcite crystals were etched with weak and stronger hydrochloric acid solutions and examined microscopi…
This study investigates water filtration in peat with undisturbed structure using radioactive tracers, primarily sulfur-35 in sodium sulfate solution, to follow the displacement of pore water. From filtrate activity curves, the authors infer distributions of flow velocities and equivalent water-cond…
This study examines variations of the electrotelluric potential gradient at different depths in Lake Baikal, a regime previously studied mainly near shore or in surface waters. Using submerged electrode lines connected to a photogalvanograph, the author recorded short-period oscillations, bay-like d…
This paper reports observations of circular polarization in solar radio emission from sunspot regions at a wavelength of 3.2 cm, obtained from July to September 1956 with a modernized polarization radiometer at the Main Astronomical Observatory. The instrument’s improved sensitivity allowed reliable…
This paper applies the long-wave method to a steady nonlinear problem of stably stratified airflow over a mountain, focusing on the effect of a linear vertical gradient in the incoming wind. Starting from simplified thermohydrodynamic equations that neglect turbulence and Coriolis force, it derives …
This article presents the first meteorological characterization of the interior high plateau of East Antarctica based on nine months of observations at Pionerskaya Station, the first continuously operating inland Antarctic station. Using standard meteorological measurements supplemented by near-surf…
This paper develops a theoretical, plane, stationary model of ordered thermal convection in an atmosphere without general air motion, intended to describe conditions under which cumulus cloud formation may occur. Starting from simplified thermohydrodynamic equations with small temperature and pressu…
This paper examines why major northern ocean currents, including the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream, often show semiannual variations in transport that exceed their annual component, even though the atmospheric wind stress over the oceans is largely annual. Fedorov argues that the effect arises from the i…
This paper examines nonmolecular scattering of light in the upper atmosphere using searchlight sounding and refines the sounding equation to account for atmospheric attenuation, broad background radiation from the searchlight beam, and nonuniform photocathode sensitivity. It derives approximate and …
A method is proposed for estimating an apparent or conditional coefficient of thermal diffusivity for use in similarity modeling of atmospheric heat transfer. The paper represents heat removal from a heated circular island or model region either as periodic replacement of the overlying fluid or as u…
This paper reports reconnaissance measurements of natural electric currents in the Indian Ocean and adjacent Antarctic waters during the 1955 to 1956 Antarctic expedition aboard the Ob’. Using lead electrodes deployed along horizontal and vertical baselines, the study determined potential gradients,…
This paper examines whether nearby supernova explosions could have significantly altered the cosmic ray environment of Earth and thereby influenced biological evolution. Using radio astronomical evidence for relativistic particles in supernova remnants, the authors estimate that the Solar System may…
This paper derives an expression for the coefficient of turbulent momentum exchange produced by wave motion in shallow water. Starting from finite-depth wave theory, in which particle orbits are elliptical, it applies semi-empirical turbulence relations for mixing length and turbulent viscosity and …
This study examines whether properties of thin aqueous electrolyte films previously observed in single capillaries also apply to porous quartz sandstone, with relevance to bound water in gas-bearing and oil-bearing reservoirs. Residual water saturation was measured in Tuymazy sandstone cores after d…
This paper examines the problem of long-range precipitation forecasting for the virgin lands of Western Siberia and Kazakhstan, where growing-season rainfall varies sharply between droughty and well-moistened years. It proposes an index of the cyclonic or anticyclonic character of prewinter meridion…
This paper examines how the vertical turbulence coefficient in the sea depends on wind speed and on parameters of surface waves. Using hydrological, current, actinometric, and meteorological observations from anchored stations aboard the expedition vessel Yulii Shokalskii in 1954 to 1955, the author…
This paper reports photometric observations of twilight sky brightness in the near infrared, around 9400 Å, aimed at identifying possible atmospheric luminescent layers. Using an electrophotometer with an IKS-3 filter, the author analyzes observations from 1953 onward by comparing curves of the rela…
This paper revisits the kinematics of sea waves and reinterprets earlier parametric equations for wind-wave profiles that had used an auxiliary ellipse to describe deviations from trochoidal form. By combining expressions for wave current, drift current, and orbital particle motion, it shows that th…
This note treats radiation diffusion in a semi-infinite medium with isotropic scattering and possible absorption, a problem relevant to stellar and planetary atmospheres and to water basins. It shows that cases differing only in the distribution of radiation sources can be reduced to a common integr…
This article reports hydrochemical observations from Kara-Bogaz-Gol during the onset of widespread halite deposition in August 1939. Brine samples collected at multiple stations and depths were analyzed to characterize composition at halite saturation, showing a total salt content of about 28.5 perc…
This paper examines geothermal anomalies in the Donets Basin, focusing on the Petropavlovsk-Mezhevaya area, where borehole measurements show elevated geothermal gradients and raised geoisothermal surfaces in the central part of the anomaly. The author argues that surface relief and monoclinal tecton…
