SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 680 papers in Earth & Space Sciences
This paper generalizes a model for the apparent density distribution in a comet head produced by constant isotropic molecular emission. By rotating the cometocentric coordinate system and integrating the spatial density along an arbitrary line of sight, it shows that the stationary apparent density …
This study examines cosmogenic inert gases in the Sikhote-Alin iron meteorite, focusing on isotope abundances of helium, neon, and argon in individual shower specimens and as a function of depth in a large sample. The authors extracted gases by melting drilled core layers and other samples under vac…
This paper reassesses the Cepheid period luminosity relation in light of Baade’s revised zero point and Sandage’s report that Cepheids of a given period occupy a luminosity band rather than a narrow curve. Using the author’s theory of stellar variability, especially the nonadiabaticity parameter of …
This paper proposes a unified interpretation of several classes of pulsational stellar variability through linear calculations of nonadiabatic oscillations in multilayer spherical models of stellar envelopes. It argues that the observed phase relations between luminosity variations and radius variat…
This paper reports rocket-based measurements of electron concentration in the ionosphere conducted during high-altitude geophysical rocket launches of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1954 to 1958, including a 1958 flight reaching 473 km. The method used coherent ultrashort-wave transmitters on roc…
This study investigates the phase composition and elemental distribution of the Chebankol iron meteorite using local X-ray spectral analysis of microvolumes. Concentration profiles for iron, nickel, and cobalt were measured across kamacite and taenite regions of the Widmanstätten structure and in fi…
This paper examines the age of meteorites using uranium and lead abundances and the isotopic composition of lead, with particular attention to discrepancies among published uranium determinations. The authors report measurements for stony, pallasite, and iron meteorites, using a pyrochemical method …
This paper reports shipboard measurements of telluric currents in the Atlantic Ocean and considers their possible role in magnetic declination and the latitudinal component of the geomagnetic field. Using paired lead electrodes lowered from the vessel Sedov, the author measured potential gradients a…
This paper examines the use of multistage electron-optical light amplifiers to increase the efficiency of photon recording in astrophysical observations where telescope aperture alone cannot provide the needed sensitivity. It estimates the sensitivity gain relative to photographic plates, considers …
Photoelectric measurements of the zenith twilight sky were made at several visible wavelengths and compared with numerical calculations of first order scattering in a spherical atmosphere, including absorption by ozone. The comparison shows that first order scattering accounts for observed brightnes…
This paper examines the difficulty of determining luminosities for hot peculiar stars, focusing on Wolf Rayet stars and white dwarfs, whose spectra and atmospheres make ordinary temperature and luminosity estimates unreliable. For Wolf Rayet stars, it argues that extended envelopes transform high fr…
This paper analyzes the dynamical modes of a baroclinic atmosphere under the Coriolis force in order to clarify what is removed by the quasistatic and quasigeostrophic approximations used in hydrodynamic weather forecasting. By linearizing the atmospheric equations about a resting stratified basic s…
The paper proposes a practical criterion for judging whether finite self-gravitating stellar systems may be treated as stationary. Using estimates of circular motion and the virial theorem, it derives a characteristic internal displacement or mixing time determined mainly by the mean density of the …
This paper reports visual photometric observations of clear daytime sky brightness and polarization made in the Libyan Desert near Aswan in October and November 1957, using measurements along the solar almucantar with a yellow filter and Polaroid. From brightness measurements at three Polaroid orien…
This paper reports early observations of the two-dimensional radio brightness distribution of the Sun using a newly commissioned 31 m radio telescope at the Crimean station of the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute. The authors describe a scanning method in which the antenna pattern was swept in decli…
This paper develops a parameterization of storm wind wave fields in the ocean by combining recent ocean measurements with storm basin experiments and a previously derived energy balance equation. It reformulates the dimensionless distance and time scales for wave growth, estimates the turbulent coef…
The paper develops a hydrodynamic formulation for short-range forecasting of atmospheric pressure and motion fields from the equations of ideal adiabatic fluid motion with Coriolis effects. Using Laplace-Carson and Fourier transform methods, it derives integral representations for the homogeneous an…
This paper examines the phase density of finite stationary self-gravitating stellar systems with an axisymmetric potential, using Jeans’ theorem and the integrals of motion for individual stars. It argues that the general phase density should depend on three independent single-valued axisymmetric in…
This paper reports the first stage of systematic marine seismic investigations of the Black Sea bottom structure near Anapa, undertaken to clarify the relation of submerged Caucasus structures to the broader Black Sea depression. Using refracted-wave profiling from an expedition vessel, with explosi…
This paper examines the origin of high-energy particles and hard radiation in solar flares, drawing on cinematographic, spectroscopic, radio, magnetic-field, ionospheric, and rocket observations. It argues that flare behavior is better explained by plasma compression near magnetic neutral regions, t…
The paper proposes a theoretical scheme for atmospheric circulation over Antarctica, treating it as a two-layer system produced by thermal contrast between the cold ice surface and surrounding warmer oceans. Using Kochin’s theory of oscillations along an inclined interface between fluids, together w…
This paper examines whether regional Bouguer gravity anomalies in continental areas correspond to seismologically determined variations in the thickness of the Earth’s crust. Using published gravimetric and seismic data from regions including Central Asia, Western Siberia, Western Europe, the Alps, …
This paper reports a laboratory reproduction of the seismoelectric effect of the second kind, in which a seismic wave induces a potential difference in moist rock without prior electrical polarization. The experiment used a moistened shale rod driven at audio frequencies by a piezoelectric vibrator,…
This paper examines simplifications of the stationary wind driven current equations for a deep, stably stratified baroclinic sea with vertical boundaries. Using order of magnitude estimates for oceanic horizontal scales of about 1000 km, it separates the motion into a shallow drift component governe…
This paper examines the polarization of hydrogen emission lines in nonstationary stars when the excitation or scattering radiation is linearly polarized synchrotron radiation from relativistic electrons. Using quantum mechanical scattering probabilities for excited hydrogen atoms and spatial averagi…
This paper examines whether the particle size distribution of a heterogeneous urban aerosol, containing dust, smoke, and condensation nuclei, follows the logarithmic normal law previously found for more homogeneous aerosols. Measurements were made in 1951 to 1952 in the lower air layer of industrial…
This paper examines long-period luni-solar tides in the World Ocean, focusing on semimonthly, monthly, and semiannual constituents derived from the tide-generating potentials of the Moon and Sun. Using Doodson’s expansion, an elastic Earth correction, and harmonic analyses of long observational sea-…
This paper derives and interprets an exact integral of a dimensionless quasilinear field equation describing the growth and spatial distribution of wind wave heights in the ocean. Using previously obtained exact solutions for steady wave-height distribution with fetch and for temporal growth at effe…
This paper analyzes observations of the 40 MHz radio signals from the first Earth satellite to infer the electron concentration in the outer ionosphere above the F2 maximum. The authors derive a geometrical optics method relating radio rise and set ranges to ionospheric refraction, using modeled ver…
The study determines the crystal structure of natrochalcite from Chuquicamata and revises earlier crystallographic data, particularly the monoclinic cell parameter c. X-ray rotation and layer-line photographs, extinction analysis, heavy-atom methods, electron-density projections, and weighted Patter…
This paper develops a quantitative model in which planetary nebulae possess their own dipole magnetic fields, generally of nonpoint character, rather than fields inherited directly from the central star. Using expressions for the magnetic field, pressure balance, and ion concentration, it derives ho…
This paper reports the occurrence of two rare potassium-bearing minerals, syngenite and carnallite, in deposits of the salt lake Dzhaksy-Klych near the Aral Sea. Based on chemical and mineralogical analyses, crystalloptical measurements, and thermographic heating curves, the authors identify syngeni…
This paper develops a kinematic model for the formation of cometary gas tails from molecules emitted or produced in the comet head and accelerated by solar repulsive forces. It derives expressions for spatial and visible density under constant emission, showing that without ionization the stationary…
This paper analyzes radio interference effects that may arise during solar eclipses when solar radio waves reach an observer both directly and after refraction in the lunar ionosphere. Using a geometrical model analogous to Lloyd’s interferometer, it estimates path differences, derives expressions f…
This paper analyzes the structure of the diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity using five-year data from 41 observatories in both hemispheres. It decomposes the observed variation into components depending on local time and universal time, applies harmonic analysis, and compares the inferred uni…
This paper develops a method for short-range forecasting of meteorological elements under the quasistatic approximation, treating the horizontal velocity components, vertical velocity, and geopotential through a coupled system of differential equations in reduced pressure coordinates. By decomposing…
This paper develops a theoretical framework for calculating averaged ice drift in the Central Arctic Basin, treating monthly or seasonal drift as a stationary problem governed by coupled motion of seawater, ice, and air. The analysis formulates linear momentum balances with Coriolis force, vertical …
This paper examines whether seismic wave velocities can be used to infer zones of relative extension within the Earth’s shell despite the lack of direct density data at depth. Using published longitudinal and transverse wave velocities, it derives the ratio of bulk modulus to rigidity modulus and re…
This paper examines the motion of structural, or cohesive, mudflows whose fine clay and silt content gives them viscoelastic and viscoplastic properties distinct from ordinary water flows. Using experimental data from viscosity, suspension, and flume studies, it relates the ability of mudflow masses…
This paper examines the planetary distribution of magnetic and ionospheric disturbances and auroras in relation to Störmer’s theory of solar corpuscle precipitation. Using previously derived isochrone spirals of magnetic disturbance maxima, ionospheric absorption data, and reported diurnal variation…
This paper examines how bottom-mounted pressure wave recorders distort measurements of wind-wave profiles, especially for steep, peaked waves whose surface form contains higher Fourier harmonics. Using a kinematic model of wind-wave profiles and harmonic analysis of calculated wave forms, it compare…
This paper proposes a numerical method for forecasting large-scale atmospheric wind fields and associated meteorological elements without replacing the actual wind entirely by the geostrophic wind. Using a small-parameter approximation, it derives equations for the ageostrophic wind components and v…
This paper extends a theory of steady currents in a shallow sea to allow the vertical exchange coefficient to vary with horizontal position, depth, wind speed, and the vertical coordinate. Starting from steady momentum equations with wind stress at the surface and no slip at the bottom, it derives e…
This paper examines how static load from overlying strata affects the velocity of longitudinal elastic waves in sedimentary rocks, a factor relevant to interpreting seismic measurements in boreholes. Laboratory experiments measured ultrasonic wave velocities in sandstone and limestone samples under …
A method is proposed for detecting compensatory downdrafts associated with developing cumulus clouds by recording temperature fluctuations and aircraft accelerations during horizontal flight near and through clouds. The argument rests on the expectation that descending compensatory currents, origina…
This paper refines a theory of wind-wave development by separating the dissipation of wave energy from the dissipation of momentum caused by internal turbulent exchange in water. Using the theorem of angular momentum, corrected expressions for wave energy, and a turbulent-friction term, it derives a…
This paper examines whether magnetic fields can explain the frequent bipolar structure of planetary nebulae, especially paired brightness maxima or “caps” located along the minor axis. Using photographic examples and positional comparisons, it argues that the general Galactic magnetic field is unlik…
This paper addresses the origin of silicate chondrules in stony meteorites and critiques explanations based on molten droplets produced by planetary breakup or asteroid collisions. The authors argue instead that chondrules may have formed in the protoplanetary gas and dust cloud through low temperat…
This paper describes an interval acoustic logging method intended to improve the determination of formation velocities in boreholes. The proposed installation places both an electromagnetic elastic-wave source and a piezoelectric receiver in the borehole, uses intervals of 5 to 10 m, and records rep…
This paper examines whether a previously identified Arctic pattern in the timing of morning magnetic disturbance maxima also applies in Antarctica. Using theoretical expectations from Birkeland’s terrella experiments and Størmer’s analysis of charged particle motion in a dipole field, the author ref…
