SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This study examines alpha radioactivity in individual accessory zircon crystals from granites of the Alenguy massif in Eastern Transbaikalia, comparing zircons from two intrusive phases and among different crystal morphologies within a phase. Using nuclear photographic plates and microscopic countin…
This article presents a petrographic description of Tertiary brown coals from newly identified occurrences in the Kozhevnikovsky and Bakcharsky districts of western Tomsk Oblast, associated with the Novomikhailovskaya suite and encountered in boreholes at shallow to moderate depths. Based on macrosc…
This paper examines the disputed age and magmatic affiliation of lead mineralization on the eastern slope of the Kuznetsk Alatau. The authors collected galena, native lead, and lead-bearing rock samples from several occurrences in Khakassia and determined their lead isotopic compositions by mass spe…
This paper examines the structure, stratigraphy, petrochemistry, and trace-element distribution of Devonian volcanogenic deposits in the upper Maly Tashtyp and Balyksu river basins, within the Balyksu block on the margin of the Minusinsk intermontane trough. On the basis of field correlations, petro…
This paper reports occurrences of native lead and native zinc on the eastern slope of the Kuznetsk Alatau, chiefly in rocks of the Beloyussky and Kolodzhulsky granitoid massifs and in material from the Makarak fault zone. The study is based on accessory-mineral examination of 230 crushed rock sample…
This paper examines the genesis of the Ampalyk iron ore deposit, a belt of magnetic anomalies localized along the contact between a granitoid intrusion and a Silurian sedimentary effusive sequence. On the basis of field relations, ore body morphology, mineral assemblages, and paragenetic sequence, t…
This paper studies minimization of quadratic functionals of the form \(\|Af-g\|^2\), where a linear operator maps a Banach space into a Hilbert space, with motivation from optimal control problems. It reduces sums of squared residuals involving several operators to this general form and uses project…
This paper considers automatic optimization of electron injection in high-current betatrons, where maximum accelerated charge depends on several interacting parameters and operational disturbances. The authors argue that practical control can focus on injection phase, inflector phase, and inflector …
The paper addresses the problem of controlling the energy of electrons accelerated in a betatron when direct measurement at the end of acceleration, or simple accurate measurement of maximum bremsstrahlung energy, is not practically available. It proposes an indirect deflection-based control scheme …
This paper derives exact solutions of the Dirac equation for a polarized electron with an anomalous vacuum magnetic moment in constant homogeneous crossed electric and magnetic fields. For orthogonal fields with unequal magnitudes, the wave functions are expressed through Hermite functions and yield…
This paper addresses grid-pulse control for a pulsed three-phase full-wave thyratron rectifier operating with discontinuous valve current in the power supply of the Sirius synchrotron. It describes a pulse-forming circuit using an induction phase regulator, a six-secondary transformer, saturating re…
This paper describes an indication system developed for the thyratron valves in the electromagnet excitation circuit of the Sirius 1500 MeV synchrotron, where inverse parallel thyratron groups operate under severe pulsed current and reverse voltage conditions. The authors present electromagnetic sen…
This paper analyzes an arc-free ion-mechanical current switching scheme intended for producing high-energy magnetic fields in inductive loads, such as accelerator electromagnets. It proposes using induction-dynamic drives for contact closing and opening, powered directly from the energy of the switc…
This paper derives a transfer function for a pulse automatic control system used in high-power charged-particle accelerator power supplies, where a controlled three-phase bridge rectifier charges a capacitor bank through feedback circuits. The rectifier is represented as an equivalent generator with…
This paper studies transient processes in the switching device of a 1500 MeV synchrotron power supply, whose capacitor bank discharges through parallel controlled mercury thyratrons, anode current dividers, and saturable reactors. Because the magnetic elements have nonlinear, multivalued characteris…
This paper examines the transient distortion that occurs when a vacuum-tube self-oscillator is amplitude modulated by rectangular pulses, focusing on the degraded envelope shape, shortened pulse duration, and unstable start-up. Using the standard nonlinear oscillator model, the authors relate the bu…
This paper investigates how nonlinear terms affect particle motion in waveguide synchrotrons, where field components vary rapidly across the waveguide and the range of validity of linear theory is comparatively limited. Using a bent closed rectangular waveguide with an accelerating LE wave, the auth…
The paper describes a broadband microwave measuring setup intended for comprehensive experimental study of waveguide systems used in waveguide synchrotron development. It argues that existing microwave measurement arrangements were too narrow-band, cumbersome, or methodologically fragmented, and pro…
This paper examines resonance methods for measuring dielectric properties at microwave frequencies, with emphasis on barium titanate based ceramics intended for waveguide accelerator applications. Using rectangular resonators with rod and plate specimens, including small perturbation measurements an…
The paper considers the use of waveguide slow-wave systems as broadband measuring resonators for determining dielectric permittivity and loss tangent in the microwave range. It describes a comparison method in which samples of the unknown and reference dielectrics are alternately placed on the reson…
The paper examines the electrodynamic suitability of double-row pin comb slow-wave structures for iron-free waveguide synchrotrons, focusing on the effects of incomplete shielding caused by lateral gaps and on manufacturing tolerances for pin alignment. Experimental models of fully shielded and part…
This paper addresses the choice of an accelerating waveguide system for an iron-free synchrotron in the several GeV range, intended as an intermediate step toward higher-energy waveguide synchrotrons. It formulates the main design requirements, including compatibility with a small magnetic gap, limi…
This paper proposes a compact single-cavity electron accelerator for biological research requiring an adjustable output energy of 0.1 to 1 MeV, an average current of about 100 microamperes, and a broad permissible energy spread. Using prior calculations of electron motion in the TM010 field of a cyl…
This paper addresses the problem of equalizing and stabilizing emission currents in large-area, sectioned indirectly heated cathodes for high-current accelerators. It proposes a control circuit in which each heater section includes a series resistance shunted by a silicon controlled rectifier, with …
This paper examines the operating mode of high-vacuum titanium ion-sorption pumps with pumping speeds of 30 to 60 l/sec, in which titanium is sputtered by electron bombardment. Using experimental diode electrode systems, it evaluates electrode geometry, titanium collector arrangement, accelerating v…
This paper discusses the selection, fabrication, and testing of oxide-thorium cathodes for betatron electron injectors, where high pulsed emission, tolerance of imperfect vacuum, resistance to ion bombardment, mechanical durability, and long service life are required. It compares oxide-thorium catho…
This paper addresses the design of cathodes for microtron injectors, where a very small emitting area must supply ampere-level currents while resisting ion bombardment, surface degradation, and emission instability. It compares candidate cathode materials and focuses on lanthanum hexaboride, particu…
The paper derives geometric formulas for calculating the length of electrostatic inflectors used in high voltage injection systems for betatrons and electron synchrotrons, where excessive inflector length increases electron losses on the plates. It treats three simple configurations, a flat inflecto…
This paper examines the design and calculation of a toroidal magnetic core for a two-chamber stereobetatron, motivated by field nonuniformities and inefficient use of cold-rolled electrical steel in conventional core geometries. It argues that a toroidal core made from strip steel can align magnetic…
The paper addresses error sources in measuring the ratio of magnetizing currents in the measuring and zero-field sensors of a permalloy magnetometer used for accelerator electromagnet field measurements. It analyzes limitations of a voltage-stabilized arrangement, especially temperature-dependent wi…
This paper describes the fabrication and use of longitudinally saturated permalloy sensors for measuring constant, alternating, and pulsed magnetic fields, especially in charged-particle accelerator applications. It presents a sensor design based on fine 80NKhS permalloy wire in a quartz tube with a…
The paper outlines a methodology for systematically recording and statistically processing information on accelerator operation in order to evaluate reliability and maintainability. It proposes a failure-registration log designed to capture operating times, failure events, failed components, fault-l…
The paper considers how to assess the reliability of charged particle accelerators as complex technical systems for which conventional indices such as time to failure or failure rate do not adequately characterize practical usability. It reviews standard operational coefficients, including availabil…
This paper derives the dependence of accelerated ion beam intensity in a pulsed cyclotron on the amplitude of the accelerating voltage, motivated by the need for mathematical models for accelerator control systems. Using relations for particle phase, final energy, trajectory step, and deflector tran…
This paper develops a mathematical model for multiturn particle capture in a weak-focusing synchrotron as a basis for automatic optimization of injection and radio-frequency capture conditions. It formulates the first injection stage through betatron-oscillation constraints and a distribution functi…
This paper examines how an external transverse magnetic field affects the phase ellipse used to describe electron-beam motion in an electron-optical transport system. Starting from the phase-plane representation of the beam and the equation of motion in a magnetic field, the authors derive the trans…
The paper addresses the calculation of beam transmission through the planar electrostatic inflector used for injection in a 1500 MeV electron synchrotron, taking account of finite beam emittance. It represents slit diaphragms and inflector plates in the transverse phase plane and applies a linear tr…
This paper examines how distortion of the magnetic field at high field strength near the end of the acceleration cycle affects the usable aperture and electron losses in a 1500 MeV electron synchrotron. Using measured magnetic field data from the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute synchrotron, it calculate…
This paper examines a method for reducing electron losses in the Sirius electron synchrotron by shortening the final, high energy portion of the acceleration cycle, where radiation losses and quantum excitation of phase oscillations are most significant. The authors propose adding a separately charg…
This paper evaluates the feasibility of extracting 300 MeV electrons from a weak focusing synchrotron by exciting parametric resonance of radial betatron oscillations. The analysis replaces the racetrack synchrotron by an equivalent circular model for stability calculations, determines the release c…
The paper describes the commissioning procedure for a 300 MeV electron synchrotron, organized into four stages: magnetic-field correction by beam observations, establishment of the quasi-betatron regime, adjustment of synchrophasotron acceleration, and recapture into the synchrotron regime. It repor…
This paper describes commissioning work on a 300 MeV electron synchrotron, focusing on final magnetic-field correction using the circulating beam and on achieving a quasi-betatron regime before radio-frequency acceleration. The authors analyze first-turn beam motion with current flags, fluorescent a…
This paper describes a beam and radiation indication system developed for starting and tuning a 300 MeV electron synchrotron. It outlines movable diagnostic elements placed in the vacuum chamber, including fluorescent grids, current and shadow flags, a Faraday cylinder, and a ferrite magnetic curren…
This paper presents an approximate calculation of the electron capture coefficient for injection and acceleration in a 300 MeV synchrotron using a one-electron approximation. The injection process is divided into two stages: capture during compression of the instantaneous orbit toward the mean orbit…
This paper describes the high-voltage power supply used for the cutoff plates in the beam injection system of a 300 MeV electron synchrotron. The system applies 4 kV to reject unwanted 260 keV electrons, then rapidly reduces the plate voltage to admit the beam for a controlled interval, using thyrat…
This paper describes the injector and injection line developed for a 300 MeV electron synchrotron, using a pulsed 260 kV accelerating tube and electrostatic inflector. It details the Pierce-gun accelerating tube, quadrupole focusing system, cylindrical electrostatic inflector, beam-alignment coils, …
The paper describes the accelerating system used during the synchrophasotron stage of a 300 MeV electron synchrotron, where the accelerating field frequency must vary after 260 keV injection to maintain the orbit radius as electron velocity increases. It derives the required frequency program, ident…
This paper describes the design of the accelerating device for a 300 MeV synchrotron operating over 28.2 to 37.5 MHz, where the rapid initial frequency variation requires a low quality factor and broad passband. The authors compare possible broadband accelerating systems, including ferrite-loaded ca…
This paper describes the design, pumping arrangement, control provisions, and commissioning procedures for the vacuum system of a 300 MeV weak focusing electron synchrotron. The authors present the constraints imposed by the small magnet gap and straight sections, leading to a porcelain vacuum chamb…
This paper describes the pulsed power supply and electronic control system for the electromagnet of a 300 MeV synchrotron. The system uses a controlled thyratron rectifier, a 1770 microfarad capacitor bank charged to 8.7 kV, switching thyratrons, capacitor recharging through the magnet windings, and…
