SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 2226 papers in Physics
This paper investigates the energy distribution of alpha particles produced in the photodisintegration of argon, a reaction whose small cross section had limited earlier measurements. The authors use a multigrid ionization chamber exposed to bremsstrahlung from a 70 MeV synchrotron, with coincidence…
This paper reports quantitative measurements of the angular dependence of cathode sputtering from the (100) faces of copper and nickel single crystals bombarded by 27 keV singly charged argon ions. Using oriented and annealed single-crystal targets, the authors measured sputtering coefficients as th…
This study examines how different forms of oxygen chemisorbed on germanium affect the lifetime of minority current carriers. Using the photogalvanomagnetic method on n-type germanium, the authors measured lifetime changes after oxygen exposure at varying pressures and temperatures, and after anneali…
This paper reports image-converter camera observations of the early stages of spark development in strongly nonuniform electric fields, especially positive sphere or rod to plane gaps. The experiments resolve the structure and motion of pulse-corona branches, showing a rapid initial stage followed b…
This paper reports four nuclear emulsion observations in which a stopped multiply charged fragment decays into two alpha particles and a proton after irradiation by high energy protons. Track ranges, particle identifications, momentum balance, and estimates of kinetic and excitation energies are use…
This note reports an experimental study of fragmentation on light nuclei induced by protons with energies below and near the meson production threshold. Nuclear photoemulsions irradiated with 100, 200, and 350 MeV proton beams were examined for stars containing multiply charged fragments, yielding f…
This paper studies two-dimensional free finite standing oscillations of the interface between two unbounded ideal incompressible heavy fluids of different densities. Using Lagrangian variables, it formulates the nonlinear boundary-value problem with pressure continuity, kinematic matching at the int…
This paper investigates dislocation motion in single crystals of antimony using selective etching under load and repeated etching after deformation or annealing. The observations show individual dislocation trajectories along the three crystallographic slip directions in the (111) observation plane,…
This paper reports experimental evidence for complex birefringence in cubic cuprous oxide near the longest wavelength exciton absorption line of the yellow series. Using polarized light, low temperature single crystal plates, and a Fabry Perot interferometer with a prism spectrograph, the authors me…
This study measures the angular anisotropy of fission fragments from uranium 233 induced by neutrons with energies from about 100 to 1000 keV, a range in which fission is expected to involve only low angular momentum states. Using neutrons from tritium and lithium proton reactions and a two layer io…
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were measured at 9375 Mc/s for chloroform solutions of several copper complexes of oxyazo compounds, with additional observations in other solvents, frozen solutions, polycrystalline samples, and acetylacetone. The spectra show four principal hyperfine lines f…
This paper extends the virial theorem in classical mechanics from finite motions to the scattering of a particle by a spherically symmetric force center. Starting from Hamilton’s variational principle and a scale variation of the coordinates, it derives a general identity and applies it to unbounded…
This paper analyzes the low energy matrix element for pion production in meson-nucleon collisions, focusing on the reactions pi minus p to two pions plus a nucleon near threshold. Using a Mandelstam-type integral representation at fixed total energy and the unitarity condition, the authors approxima…
This paper investigates positive molecular ion emission from heated metal filaments in vacuum, using a mass spectrometric ion source with increased detector sensitivity and strong electric fields at the filament surface. Experiments on tungsten, oxidized tungsten, nickel, iron, platinum, and gold-pl…
This paper examines whether a nonlocal interaction Lagrangian in quantum electrodynamics can satisfy the causality condition required for an invariant definition of time ordered products in the scattering matrix expansion. Starting from a generalized nonlocal kernel and imposing self-adjointness and…
This paper examines self-similar solutions of laminar magnetohydrodynamic boundary-layer equations when the magnetic-field intensity varies along the body and across the boundary layer. For incompressible conducting fluids, the authors derive similarity transformations and identify the required powe…
This paper studies how operators written in normal second-quantized form transform under linear canonical transformations of creation and annihilation operators. It replaces the direct and cumbersome recomputation of transformed kernels by an integral transform acting on the associated functional sy…
This paper examines how the degree of fluorescence polarization in porphyrin compounds depends on both excitation and emission wavelength, a dependence that complicates the use of polarization spectra as molecular optical characteristics. Polarization spectra were measured for individual fluorescenc…
The paper describes an optical radiation detector for measuring energy losses from plasma to the wall of a toroidal discharge chamber in a strong longitudinal magnetic field. A heated platinum foil coupled by a light guide to a photomultiplier was calibrated by capacitor discharge and used to record…
This paper examines the relation between crystal structure and the number of 3d electrons in transition-metal atoms in the solid state, following x-ray studies that indicated different electronic configurations for close-packed and body-centered cubic metals. It proposes a simple formula for the tot…
The paper analyzes Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation produced by a uniformly moving charge in a uniaxial nonmagnetic crystal when the velocity is oriented arbitrarily relative to the optical axis. Using a crystal-adapted electromagnetic potential gauge and a limiting absorption prescription to isolate the…
This paper applies the method of two-time temperature Green functions to the thermodynamics of the superconducting state for the Frohlich electron-phonon Hamiltonian. By decoupling higher-order Green functions while allowing anomalous pair averages, it derives coupled equations for normal and anomal…
This paper extends a Green’s function treatment of an isotropic two-sublattice antiferromagnet with nearest-neighbor interactions to nonzero temperature, deriving approximate equations for sublattice magnetization and the angle between sublattice magnetization and an applied magnetic field. Low-temp…
This paper develops a magnetohydrodynamic treatment of electric discharge in a conducting medium, focusing on stationary plane and axisymmetric discharges in an incompressible fluid. It shows that, unlike the plane case, a finite axisymmetric discharge cannot remain hydrostatic and must induce motio…
This paper derives a stability condition for a planar solid-liquid interface during steady crystallization of a binary alloy, treating instability as the accelerated growth of a small hemispherical protrusion on the front. By solving approximate heat and solute diffusion problems in a moving frame, …
This paper analyzes how tunneling reorientation of a pair of magnetically equivalent spin one half nuclei affects the line shape of a nuclear magnetic resonance signal in a crystal. A quantum mechanical model is formulated for two nuclei moving between two equivalent potential minima, with the secul…
This study measured the relative yield of photodeuterons and photoprotons from copper, together with the energy distribution of emitted deuterons, under irradiation by bremsstrahlung gamma rays with a maximum energy of 70 MeV. Particles emitted at forward angles were recorded in nuclear emulsions pl…
This paper investigates the unexpected optical anisotropy observed in the weak 6125 Å absorption line at the long-wavelength edge of the yellow exciton series in cubic cuprous oxide. Using oriented single-crystal plates cut relative to fourth, third, and second order crystallographic symmetry axes, …
This paper presents an experimental method for studying changes in the transverse dimensions of an electron bunch during acceleration in a 280 MeV synchrotron. Visible synchrotron radiation from the bunch was photographed with a high-speed motion-picture camera, photometrically processed, and used t…
This paper reformulates a previously derived relativistic collision integral for elastic collisions between two particle species in a form analogous to the classical Boltzmann collision integral. Using invariant momentum variables, Lorentz transformations to the center-of-inertia frame, and the asso…
Photoluminescence near the fundamental absorption edge is investigated in hexagonal CdSe, CdS, and seven compositions of mixed CdSe, CdS crystals at 4.2 and 77.3 K. The study compares line-like and banded edge emission in single crystals and large-crystalline layers, recording changes in fine struct…
This paper investigates the direct electron-optical observation of local contact-potential inhomogeneities, or spot fields, on emitting surfaces, whose existence had been inferred from emission phenomena but not directly visualized. Using an electron mirror, the authors examined activated secondary-…
This paper develops a theoretical measure of spatial extent for particles in stationary quantum-mechanical systems using localization entropy derived from the one-particle probability density. The authors argue that, because ordinary volume is not directly applicable to quantum systems, an entropy-b…
This paper examines how benzene vapor adsorption at 20 degrees C affects the electrical conductivity of transparent platinum films with different surface densities. Platinum films were prepared by metal sublimation under high vacuum, exposed to controlled benzene vapor flows, and monitored during st…
This paper analyzes how multiple scattering in a medium modifies transition radiation produced by a relativistic charged particle crossing an interface between the medium and vacuum. Using coherence length arguments and estimates of angular deflection over the radiation formation path, it revises ea…
This paper proposes electric gas discharge as a mechanism for electromagnetic phenomena accompanying meteors, including halos, radio emission, magnetic disturbances, and auroral effects. It models the ionized meteor trail as a highly conducting elongated body in the ionospheric electric field and es…
This paper examines the real part of the elastic scattering amplitude for high energy pion, proton interactions using dispersion relations and assumptions about the asymptotic behavior of total cross sections. It argues that, if high energy cross sections approach constant limiting values and scatte…
The paper develops a systematic method for majorizing Feynman diagrams in perturbation theory, aimed at identifying domains of analyticity relevant to dispersion relations. It defines a quadratic form associated with a diagram through Feynman parameters and internal momenta, introduces a correspondi…
This paper reports low-temperature measurements of the anisotropy of the Hall effect in high-purity single-crystal tin, motivated by the use of galvanomagnetic phenomena to probe Fermi-surface topology. At 4.2 K and magnetic fields up to about 7 kOe, the Hall-field vector was reconstructed from two …
This paper examines whether dark electrical conductivity in selected organic semiconductors is associated with the singlet excited state or the triplet state of the molecule. Sublimed solid layers of benzophenone, anthranilic and phenylanthranilic acids, several phthalimides, fluorescein, and severa…
This paper derives the energy distribution of bremsstrahlung emitted by a longitudinally polarized relativistic electron in the Coulomb field of a nucleus, with attention to the circular polarization of the emitted photon. Using the Born approximation, it integrates a previously obtained angular dis…
This paper reports electron-optical measurements of detonation-front temperatures in transparent liquid explosives and semitransparent solid explosive charges, using photomultiplier recordings of end-face luminosity through optical filters. The authors apply a color-temperature method calibrated aga…
This note examines excitation and absorption in the spin system of a Heisenberg ferromagnet subjected to a spatially inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave, a situation relevant to magneto-optical phenomena. Using linear response in terms of retarded Green functions, it derives the average rate of energ…
This study examines the anisotropy of longitudinal and transverse galvanomagnetic effects in an n-type germanium single crystal at temperatures spanning the transition from impurity to intrinsic conductivity. Measurements along the principal crystallographic axes were compared with theoretical expre…
The paper studies the linear stability of a strong spherical converging shock wave in an ideal gas with isentropic exponent 7, using a self-similar unperturbed solution and perturbations expanded in spherical harmonics. The analysis derives the characteristic relation between temporal and spatial ex…
This paper examines causality in a nonlocal field theory, addressing whether relativistic invariance, macrocausality, and perturbative consistency can be reconciled under restrictions on the form factors. It considers meromorphic form factors analytic on the real axis and analyzes second-order proce…
This paper describes a direct electromagnetic method for measuring the mass velocity of detonation products, a parameter important for detonation theory and explosive applications. The method uses the emf induced in a foil sensor assumed to move with the explosion products after passage of the deton…
This paper analyzes magnetic field and induced current density fluctuations produced when a weakly conducting turbulent liquid or gas moves in an imposed magnetic field that is assumed not to affect the turbulence. Using the induction equation in the limit of large magnetic viscosity and locally hom…
This paper examines how the phenomenological thermodynamics of irreversible processes can be extended beyond the usual near-equilibrium linear approximation. It argues that Onsager’s linear relations between fluxes and thermodynamic forces may be retained while nonlinear kinetic equations arise when…
This note describes a method for determining ionospheric electron concentration from the Faraday rotation of linearly polarized radio waves transmitted by vertically launched, three-axis-stabilized geophysical rockets. Using the relation between polarization rotation, radio frequency, geomagnetic-fi…
