SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 2226 papers in Physics
This study examines the physical state and molecular mobility of polymers in natural rubber, butadiene-styrene, and polychloroprene latex globules using proton nuclear magnetic resonance at room temperature. Proton resonance line widths and chemical shifts were measured for latexes, dried films, lat…
The paper treats electromagnetic radiation from an infinite periodic system of semi-infinite thin metallic plates, focusing on the practically important case where only one plane waveguide is excited by the fundamental magnetic wave. Using a periodic representation and the Wiener-Hopf method, the fi…
This study examines the activation energies associated with dark conductivity and photoconductivity in amorphous layers of pure chlorophyll a under high vacuum and oxygen atmospheres. Photocurrents were measured as functions of black-body source temperature, layer temperature, illumination level, an…
This note develops a majorization technique for studying analytic properties of quantum mechanical scattering amplitudes in the Born expansion, using the alpha representation for diagrams generated by Yukawa-type potentials. It proves that, for negative values of the squared momentum, positivity of …
This paper examines how resonance Raman scattering by molecules depends on the lifetime of electronically excited states, using diphenylpolyenes with structured absorption bands as experimental examples. Measurements of diphenyldecapentaene and diphenyldodecahexaene in acetone solutions show excepti…
This paper examines deviations from the photochemical reciprocity law in silver halide crystals, with emphasis on whether they can arise from electronic processes alone. Using prior measurements of the photoelectret state and depolarization isopaques in AgCl, the authors relate nonreciprocity at hig…
This paper reports room temperature measurements of the electrical resistance of PbS, PbSe, and PbTe under pressures up to 200,000 kg/cm². For samples of differing purity and conductivity type, resistance first decreases to a minimum, then rises to a maximum, and subsequently decreases smoothly, whi…
This paper examines the mechanisms of spin-lattice relaxation in magnetically diluted free radicals in frozen and liquid solutions using electron paramagnetic resonance saturation measurements. For supercooled solid solutions of DPPH and tetramethyl nitroxide radicals, the measured relaxation times …
This paper addresses the calculation of spectroscopic masses for hydrogen and deuterium in isotopic molecules, with particular attention to how anharmonicity is represented in nonquantum molecular vibration theory. Starting from secular equations using either zero frequencies or spectroscopic masses…
The paper analyzes how the generation threshold of an optical generator depends on resonator properties, using nonlinear transport equations for a plane-parallel active layer with negative absorption. It derives threshold conditions in terms of mirror reflection coefficients, layer thickness, output…
This paper investigates the temperature dependence of dark conductivity and photoconductivity in thallium iodide layers before and after spectral sensitization by adsorbed dyes. Sublimed and powder-like TlJ layers were measured from about +20 to -170 degrees Celsius in air and vacuum, with photocond…
The paper defines a fourth-rank tensor obtained by decomposing the Riemann curvature tensor into a part built from the Ricci tensor and scalar curvature and a residual tensor identified as a fourth-rank analogue of the Einstein tensor. It establishes the symmetry, contraction, and divergence propert…
The paper investigates the multipolarity and center structure underlying low-temperature green luminescence lines in LiF and NaF single crystals containing hexavalent uranium. Using piezospectroscopy, the authors compare polarized deformation splittings under uniaxial compression along different cry…
Paramagnetic relaxation in concentrated aqueous solutions of vanadyl chloride and vanadyl sulfate is investigated to test theories of relaxation under strong exchange interactions between vanadyl ions. Using paramagnetic absorption in parallel fields at 12 to 44 MHz, the authors determine spin-latti…
This note examines how the Coulomb interaction between electrons can be incorporated into the thermodynamics of superconductivity, where earlier formulations treated it only implicitly or neglected it. Using Green’s functions, anomalous quasiaverages, Dyson equations, and a boson field representatio…
This paper reports a second series of ground-based free-fall experiments on the behavior of purified weightless liquids, using mercury, bidistilled water, and bromobenzene in a fluoroplastic cuvette to reduce contamination and wetting effects. Motion-picture observations of mercury show rapid transf…
This paper analyzes the optical properties of the active medium in a four-level optical quantum generator with a metastable upper laser level. Using stationary rate equations for the level populations, it derives conditions for population inversion, expressions for the threshold pump radiation densi…
This study examines how prior irradiation of solid indium with thermal neutrons affects the molecular composition of its vapor during subsequent evaporation from the liquid state. Using MS-1 mass spectrometry, the authors compared irradiated and nonirradiated indium films over 773 to 1373 K, measuri…
The paper derives the magnetic anisotropy of a uniaxial ferromagnet, with cobalt as the motivating case, from a Hamiltonian that includes exchange, magnetic dipole, and spin orbital interactions of unfilled d shell electrons. Using a two sublattice description for alternating orbital moments and a l…
The paper examines adiabatic motions of an ideal gas in special relativistic hydrodynamics and proposes a formal interpretation of nonstationary relativistic flows as stationary nonrelativistic flows of an auxiliary gas in a fictitious four-dimensional Euclidean space. By introducing transformed vel…
This paper examines how the intensity of Raman scattering lines depends on the frequency of the exciting light, with attention to competing theoretical frequency factors and to the identification of electronic transitions effective in scattering. Absolute and relative intensity measurements were mad…
This paper examines how foreign quenchers affect fluorescence in solutions with high concentrations of fluorescent dyes, addressing conflicting earlier observations of either weakened or enhanced quenching. The authors measure absorption and luminescence spectra, fluorescence yield, and lifetime for…
This paper investigates secondary electron emission from molybdenum bombarded by neutral argon atoms and argon ions in the 0.2 to 2.0 keV energy range, with emphasis on distinguishing potential and kinetic emission mechanisms. Neutral atom beams were produced by resonant charge exchange, ion and ato…
This paper investigates how local increases in heat flux, or hot spots, along a heated channel affect the critical heat flux during forced-flow boiling. Experiments were performed in vertical stainless-steel tubes at 100 ata with varying mass velocities, channel lengths, hot spot lengths, and heat-f…
This study examines electrical breakdown in aqueous electrolytes across a wide range of chemical compositions, conductivities, and interelectrode gap lengths using a pulsed capacitor discharge circuit with oscillographic measurements of voltage, current, delay time, and charge decay. The experiments…
This paper investigates secondary ionic and electronic emission from tantalum under bombardment by fast neutral sodium atoms, a process previously difficult to study because of limitations in measuring neutral atom beam intensity. The authors develop an experimental method based on resonant charge e…
The paper studies the high-frequency asymptotic behavior of the Green function for the two-dimensional exterior Neumann problem for the Helmholtz equation outside a sufficiently smooth bounded convex contour. Using an auxiliary function modeled on the exterior problem for the local circle of curvatu…
The paper examines the strong interaction of an infinitely heavy nucleon with a charged meson field, focusing on the divergence of the renormalized coupling constant that appears when the point-nucleon limit is taken in degenerate models. It modifies the Hamiltonian by adding a term that removes rot…
The paper examines apparent degeneracies between hadron multiplets with isotopic spin T = 1 and corresponding singlets with T = 0, using then available data on mesons, hyperons, and resonances. It argues that these coincidences are associated with zero hypercharge, proposing that strong-interaction …
This paper examines anomalous intensity distributions in infrared absorption doublets arising from Fermi resonance in condensed polyatomic molecules. Using temperature-dependent spectra of crystalline carbon tetrachloride, iodobenzene, and chlorobenzene, and polarized measurements for carbon tetrach…
This note examines the hypothesis that, at high energies and large momentum transfers, matrix elements of strong-interaction processes become approximately invariant under gamma5 transformations of spinor particles. Using Lorentz-invariant forms of electromagnetic vertices and scattering amplitudes,…
The paper analyzes vibrational relaxation of diatomic J2 in mixtures with helium, emphasizing the regime in which vibrational energy transfer in J2 and He collisions is strongly nonadiabatic. Using a harmonic oscillator approximation and a previously derived transition probability formula, it shows …
This paper proposes a mean density method for computing the motion of interacting charged particles on electronic computers, motivated by the difficulty of directly integrating very large many-body systems with limited machine memory. The method replaces individual interactions by fields evaluated f…
This paper analyzes radiation produced when the electromagnetic field of a point charge is diffracted by an ideally conducting half-plane, for a particle trajectory perpendicular to the screen edge and arbitrary particle velocity. Using Fourier components of the electromagnetic potentials and Wiener…
This paper examines oscillations of tunnel current in a magnetic field as a possible probe of the conduction electron energy spectrum in metals. The authors consider tunneling between two identically oriented single crystals separated by a thin dielectric layer, with a magnetic field perpendicular t…
The paper generalizes spectral representations of mass and polarization operators from zero temperature to arbitrary temperature using retarded and advanced Green functions rather than causal functions. For a homogeneous fermion system, it derives analytic properties of the mass operator, locates po…
This paper examines the stability of finite-amplitude Alfvén waves in magnetohydrodynamics, despite their status as exact nonlinear solutions. Using perturbation theory in a frame moving with the wave, the authors derive resonance conditions coupling perturbations whose wave vectors and frequencies …
This paper develops a theoretical treatment of electron paramagnetic resonance line narrowing and relaxation in paramagnetic solutions, where thermal motion and exchange interactions act simultaneously. Using the Kubo and Tomita formalism, it derives approximate correlation functions for fast and sl…
This study examines the effect of hydrostatic pressure up to 18,000 kg/cm2 on the room temperature crystal structure of ferroelectric lead titanate. Using high pressure X-ray diffraction on ceramic PbTiO3 specimens, the authors measured changes in lattice parameters and tetragonality as pressure inc…
The paper describes a high-pressure, high-temperature apparatus designed to overcome the difficulty of introducing electrical leads into conical-punch pressure chambers. The apparatus uses a split high-pressure chamber, insulated between its sections, so that each section can serve as an electrical …
This paper examines how a material medium can alter the acceleration of charged particles by radiation, contrasting the weak effect of Thomson scattering in vacuum with Cherenkov absorption and emission processes in matter. Using a Green’s function approach that accounts for quantum recoil, it deriv…
This study examines the semiconducting behavior of thin layers of blood pigments, including hematin, hemin, hematoporphyrin, and a heated hematoporphyrin product identified with protoporphyrin. Temperature dependent dark conductivity and photoconductivity were measured under vacuum and in oxygen, us…
Chemically deposited nickel films were examined to clarify how deposition conditions, structure, and magnetic behavior are related, particularly in light of earlier reports that freshly prepared deposits are amorphous. Films were produced on copper substrates from sulfate, hypophosphite, and acetate…
This paper develops a thermodynamic Green’s function treatment for an isotropic ferromagnet with exchange interaction and arbitrary spin, extending earlier spin one half methods. It proves the diagonality of the one-particle density matrix in the spin projection basis, derives decoupled equations fo…
This paper examines the origin of narrow fine absorption and emission lines at the low-temperature fundamental absorption edge of cadmium sulfide, comparing them with the broader lines of freely moving excitons. Using absorption, resonance emission, phonon sideband structure, and illumination-depend…
The paper develops a vector generalization of a Sommerfeld integral method for diffraction problems and applies it to the electromagnetic field produced by an electric dipole inside a wedge with ideally conducting faces. Formulating the problem through the electric Hertz vector, the authors use symm…
This paper calculates radiative corrections of order e4 and e4 ln e2 to the Cherenkov radiation losses of charged particles in a medium, beyond the classical Tamm, Frank, and Fermi result and the usual recoil correction. Using a Green function formulation, the particle energy loss is obtained from t…
This paper analyzes the Mössbauer effect for gamma radioactive impurity nuclei in dilute substitutional solid solutions at low temperatures, focusing on how the impurity to solvent mass ratio affects the phononless emission intensity. To avoid solving the full vibrational problem for a nonideal latt…
This paper reports experimental determinations of the constant volume heat capacity of water and water vapor in the two phase region and in superheated vapor along the right branch of the saturation curve, including specific volumes from 3.61 to 21.64 cm3/g. The results are compared with calculated …
This paper analyzes the magnetohydrodynamic stability of a cylindrical plasma column with a nonuniform current distribution across its cross section. Assuming an incompressible, inviscid, perfectly conducting plasma and long wavelength perturbations, it derives a radial perturbation equation with bo…
