SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 402 papers in Materials Science
This paper examines how the crystalline, helical structure of isotactic polymethyl methacrylate is reflected in its infrared absorption spectrum. Films prepared from chloroform solution were crystallized by swelling in 4-heptanone, characterized by X-ray diffraction, and compared with amorphous, hea…
This paper examines how the rate of deformation affects ultimate strength and maximum strain in oriented glass-reinforced plastics under uniaxial compression or tension. Using a viscoelastic model based on elastic and highly elastic deformation components and Maxwell-Gurevich type equations, the aut…
This paper examines how hydrostatic pressure affects the graphite and cementite phase equilibrium in the iron carbon system, where graphite is stable at atmospheric pressure but cementite may become stable under compression. Using thermodynamic calculations for alpha iron and gamma iron regions, wit…
This paper examines how temperature affects the wear resistance of polymeric materials, emphasizing the role of forced elasticity and elongation at break alongside friction, hardness, and strength. A qualitative relation is proposed in which wear depends on the coefficient of friction divided by the…
This paper develops a temperature-invariant representation for the anomalous viscosity of polymer melts, extending reduction methods previously applied to viscoelastic and lubricant systems. Starting from a relation between effective viscosity, highest Newtonian viscosity, deformation rate, and gene…
This study examines whether the intermolecular ordering of polyvinyl alcohol films affects their electrophysical properties, a question relevant to mechanisms of electrical conductivity in polymers. Films with different structural states were prepared by annealing and by stretching at elevated tempe…
This paper examines the effect of scandium oxide additions on spinel ferrites in the MgO, MnO, Fe2O3 system intended for matrix and register memory applications. The authors prepared ferrites over a range of oxide compositions and measured pulse, static magnetic, and electrical characteristics, comp…
This study examines the internal morphology of capron and lavsan synthetic fibers using electron microscopy with neutral phosphotungstic acid as a negative-contrast agent. Mechanically dispersed fibers were compared in uncontrasted form, after gold-palladium shadowing, and after treatment with neutr…
This study examines the decomposition behavior of chromium-based solid solutions containing niobium or titanium, materials of interest for heat-resistant alloys, using X-ray diffraction together with microstructural and microhardness observations. Alloys containing up to 5 at.% niobium and 10 at.% t…
This study examines how neutron irradiation affects oxide-film formation and corrosion of technical aluminum in flowing water near 96 to 100°C. Aluminum specimens exposed in a reactor to an integral neutron flux of 10^20 n/cm2 were compared with otherwise identical unirradiated specimens, using meta…
This paper examines whether abrasion of polymeric materials, especially rubbers, can be interpreted as a surface fatigue process rather than as simple microcutting. It compares the load exponent governing wear by blunt protrusions with the exponent characterizing fatigue failure, using data for rubb…
Filamentous and needle-like single crystals of germanium-silicon solid solutions were grown by vapor transport in sealed evacuated quartz ampoules using bromine as a solvent component. The study describes growth conditions, morphology, crystallographic orientation, and composition assessment by X-ra…
This study examines how tensile loading affects the supramolecular structure of oriented crystallizing polymers, chiefly using small-angle X-ray scattering on highly oriented polycaprolactam films, with supporting observations on fibers and polyethylene films. Loading shifts the meridional small-ang…
This study reports room temperature measurements of the electrical resistance of PbTe, CdTe, and Bi2Te3 under pressures up to 200,000 kg/cm2. The resistance curves show characteristic anomalies: PbTe exhibits minima near 65,000 kg/cm2 and maxima near 80,000 to 85,000 kg/cm2, CdTe undergoes an abrupt…
This paper describes an optical method for measuring the melting temperature of graphite under argon pressure up to 3000 atm, addressing limitations of earlier studies that identified melting qualitatively and relied on visual pyrometry. The apparatus combines a high pressure vessel, electrically he…
This paper examines whether germanium can dissolve in macroquantities in diamond-like ternary semiconductor compounds whose bonding is closer to that of elemental germanium than typical A3B5 compounds. Alloys along the ZnGeAs2 to 4Ge and CuGe2P3 to 6Ge sections were synthesized by melting, direction…
This study examines how mechanical force affects structural transformations in natural rubber during thermomechanical testing, focusing on low-temperature crystallization and thermo-oxidative structuring. Using automatically recorded isothermal deformability curves under periodically applied loads, …
This study examines how composition affects the thermomechanical, mechanical, and optical properties of polymers and copolymers formed from methyl methacrylate, styrene, and benzyl methacrylate for potential use in photoelastic materials. Samples synthesized by induced polymerization were characteri…
This study examines radiation damage in electron-microscopic specimens under electron irradiation, focusing on how gas composition, pressure, current density, accelerating voltage, and irradiation time affect structural degradation. Using low-pressure polyethylene single crystals in a gas microchamb…
This paper develops a theoretical description of ideal crystal growth based on an extended phase boundary whose displacement is governed by periodic energy barriers. Generalizing earlier treatment of a planar boundary, the argument analyzes successive lower-dimensional growth processes: motion of a …
This study investigates the atomic structure of carbonaceous products formed by acetylene condensation through copper acetylenide intermediates and subsequent oxidation. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy are used to assess whether these materials correspond to open carbon forms based on li…
This study examines structure formation during crystallization of a capron, nylon, and sebacinamide copolymeric polyamide, using electron microscopy and microdiffraction. Films were prepared from solution under varying solvent evaporation rates and substrate temperatures to observe how supersaturati…
This paper investigates the cathodic incorporation of alkali metals into lead, zinc, and silver electrodes in aqueous alkaline solutions and its effects on electrode behavior. Using measurements of hydrogen overvoltage, double-layer capacitance, potential decay, electron microscopy, and diffusion th…
This study examines iron aluminum alloys near the Fe3Al composition, where ordering transformations strongly affect physical and mechanical properties. Alloys prepared by vacuum induction melting were investigated using dilatometry, hot hardness, high temperature strength tests, and supporting measu…
This paper examines radiation-induced structural disturbances in quartz using anomalous X-ray scattering after neutron irradiation. The authors compare diffraction patterns before and after irradiation, noting that at lower fluence diffuse maxima intensify without major structural change, while at a…
This study investigates the gas corrosion of iron by combining measurements of oxygen uptake kinetics with contact potential difference measurements using a vibrating capacitor method. Experiments on reduced iron surfaces show that oxygen chemisorption initially forms a limiting passive oxide film, …
This study examines structural changes in polyethylene during thermal degradation using infrared spectroscopy. High-density, low-density, and radiation-polymerized polyethylene samples with different degrees of branching were pyrolyzed in vacuum at 300 to 415°C, and changes in vinyl, vinylidene, tra…
This paper examines polyazines as a little-studied class of polymers with conjugated bonds in the main chain, focusing on how chain structure affects thermal behavior and electrical conductivity. Polyazines were synthesized by polycondensation of hydrazine with glyoxal and several diketones, includi…
This paper reports the construction of a first-order recrystallization diagram for cold-rolled carbothermic vanadium refined with cerium, a material for which prior recrystallization data were lacking. Specimens were deformed by 5 to 95 percent, annealed in vacuum at 750 to 1300°C, and examined by m…
This study examines the role of small additions of titanium dioxide in the heat-induced crystallization of a spodumene-composition glass-forming system, using Raman light-scattering spectra from samples subjected to successive heat treatments. The spectra indicate that heating weakens the band assoc…
This paper investigates the polymer, semiconductor interface as a surface-physical factor in adhesion and in the protection of semiconductor devices by polymer coatings. Using n-type germanium specimens, the authors apply the field-effect method to measure changes in surface conductivity under a per…
This study constructs a more complete phase diagram for the iron-zirconium system, with particular attention to the 16 to 52 percent zirconium region where earlier reports disagreed on intermediate phases. Alloys prepared by crucibleless arc melting were examined by differential thermal analysis, mi…
This paper examines the morphology of supramolecular structures formed by polyformaldehyde during crystallization from the melt, a topic previously little described despite the polymer’s known crystallinity. Finely dispersed polyformaldehyde was melted, cooled under controlled conditions, and studie…
This study examines how sorption data can be used to estimate the flexibility of polyethylene chains, particularly under conditions where crystalline regions no longer restrict possible conformations. Sorption isotherms of n-dodecane in high molecular weight polyethylene were measured over a wide te…
This study examines structure formation in isotactic polybutylene, a crystalline polymer with flexible chains, using electron microscopy of specimens prepared from dilute solution and as films under different cooling and solvent evaporation conditions. Rapid evaporation and cooling produced ribbon-l…
This paper investigates the electrical conductivity of molten polyamide kapron, a property less studied than conductivity in solid polymers. Kapron chips were melted under vacuum and measured in argon over 230 to 290°C, with conductivity examined as a function of temperature, holding time, and prior…
This study examines how mechanical action alters the crystalline morphology of bulk polycaproamide, motivated by analogies between crystalline polymers and metals. Polycaproamide blocks prepared by caprolactam polymerization were subjected to cold rolling or repeated impact deformation, then fractur…
This study examines supramolecular structure formation in isotactic polypropylene films as a function of melt temperature, cooling rate, and subsequent heat treatment. Films 30 to 130 microns thick were prepared by melting between glass slides, pressing at different temperatures, or annealing prefor…
This paper examines how the structure of crystals formed from supercooled aerosol flows depends on growth conditions, with particular attention to transparent and opaque ice produced during icing. Using theoretical estimates of the equilibrium thickness of a flowing water film and laboratory experim…
This paper proposes a molecular-mechanical interpretation of how an interface and rupture surface form when rubber and similar polymers are deformed in the highly elastic state. Using the hypothesis of microneck formation, it models the neck as an elastically stretched bundle of oriented macromolecu…
This study examines supramolecular structure formation during crystallization of purified isotactic polystyrene and its dependence on crystallization temperature and time. Samples crystallized between 110 and 215 degrees C, with systematic observations at 120, 145, and 175 degrees C, were analyzed b…
This study determines atomic scattering factors and electron density distributions in aluminum antimonide at 20°C and −100°C, completing a comparative series on group III antimonide semiconductors. Using X-ray powder diffraction with CuKα radiation, the authors calculate lattice constants, structure…
This study examines how plasticizers affect supramolecular structure formation and mechanical properties in crystalline isotactic polystyrene. Using optical observations of crystallization at several temperatures together with mechanical measurements and comparison of X-ray diffraction patterns, the…
This study examines the transformation of polyethylene from a dielectric into a material with semiconductor-like properties under combined radiation and thermal treatment. Pre-irradiated high-pressure polyethylene was pyrolyzed in vacuum at increasing temperatures, and the resulting products were ch…
This paper investigates diffusion coefficients of silicon, titanium, vanadium, and niobium in carbon-saturated liquid cast iron, addressing discrepancies and possible convection errors in earlier capillary-based measurements. The authors apply constant-current oscillography, using the time required …
The paper presents a method for accelerating the study of composition and property relationships in systems for which film preparation by evaporation is difficult, such as oxide, silicate, and glass compositions. The method forms massive specimens with a prescribed concentration gradient by preparin…
This study examines how both intramolecular conjugation and solid-state ordering influence the semiconductor properties of conjugated polymers. Polyazophenylenes and related aromatic polymers containing methylene or ethylene bridges were characterized by temperature-dependent electrical conductivity…
This paper examines structural changes in simple germanate glasses, focusing on binary sodium, potassium, and lead germanate systems and a ternary sodium silicogermanate series. The authors measure density, refractive index, and electrical resistance, and calculate molecular volumes, molecular refra…
This study examines how the equilibrium state of the intermetallic compound MnNi3 affects creep resistance relative to a quenched solid solution of the same stoichiometric composition. Alloys were prepared from nickel and manganese, homogenized and quenched to retain the solid solution, or annealed …
This study examines how additions of 1 to 3 percent aluminum affect the stability and decomposition of the quenched beta phase in titanium, molybdenum, iron alloys. Alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting, quenched from selected temperatures, aged between 200 and 600 degrees, and analyzed by micr…
