SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper reports the synthesis of organosilicon compounds containing silthianocarbon chain units, intended for comparison with previously described siloxanocarbon and silazanocarbon analogues. Pentaalkyl bromodisilanylmethanes were treated with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of pyridine, or with…
This paper examines water adsorption on low-temperature alpha quartz surfaces produced by crushing rock crystal under high vacuum, a method intended to create silica surfaces free of hydroxyl groups without high-temperature calcination. Adsorption isotherms measured volumetrically at 18 degrees are …
This study examines catalytic hydrogenation of vinylcyclopropane and 1-methyl-1-isohexenylcyclopropane to assess how the position of a side-chain double bond affects cleavage of the cyclopropane ring. Hydrogenation experiments with palladium black, platinum black, copper-chromium catalyst, and plati…
This paper examines the thermodynamic basis for differences in the polymerization behavior of cyclic formals with five to eight ring members. The authors determine heats of combustion for ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, and pentamethylene formals, use estimated heats of vaporization to refer…
This paper reconsiders the equation for nonstationary diffusion to a stationary electrode, noting that the usual Cottrell-type boundary conditions do not account for convection and therefore fail to describe the experimentally observed approach to a constant limiting current. The authors introduce a…
This paper analyzes the stationary spatial distribution of heterogeneous active centers in a plane parallel reaction vessel when centers are lost both at the walls and through quadratic recombination in the volume. The authors formulate a one dimensional diffusion equation with nonlinear termination…
This study examines how adsorbed surface layers affect the vibrational grinding and dispersion of graphite, a layered hydrophobic solid capable of reaching very high specific surface areas. Using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy, the authors relate grap…
This paper reports the thermal telomerization of trichlorosilane with ethylene as an extension of earlier work on hydrosilane addition and telomerization reactions. Trichlorosilane and ethylene were reacted in a steel autoclave at 270 to 285 degrees C and up to 200 atm, and the products were separat…
This study examines the initiation and acceleration of cetane oxidation by molecular oxygen under cobalt-60 gamma irradiation. Using a temperature-controlled flow apparatus, the authors measured the formation of nonvolatile carboxylic acids, volatile acids, and peroxide compounds at 130°C under atmo…
This study examines how the degree of surface hydration affects adsorption of water vapor on several silica gels, including purified technical samples and silica gel calcined at different temperatures. Water vapor adsorption and desorption isotherms were measured with quartz spring balances, while s…
This paper reports electron paramagnetic resonance measurements on several chromium aromatic sandwich compounds whose magnetic susceptibilities indicate one unpaired electron. Using a superheterodyne EPR apparatus at about 9000 MHz, the authors measured spectra, g factors, and line widths for polycr…
This study examines whether methane can be directly sulfooxidized with gaseous sulfur dioxide and oxygen to form methanesulfonic acid. Experiments in static and flow quartz apparatus tested ultraviolet irradiation, additives, X-rays, elevated temperatures, and a high-frequency electric discharge as …
This study examines the A. E. Arbuzov rearrangement of phosphorous acid esters with alkyl halides using thermographic analysis to detect heat effects associated with reaction stages. Thermograms of aromatic and aliphatic phosphite systems, including triphenyl, trimethyl, and triethyl phosphites with…
This paper examines the molecular orbitals of condensed systems composed of three fused five-, six-, and seven-membered carbon rings, motivated by known stability predictions for cyclopentadienyl anions, tropylium cations, and related fused-ring carbonium ions. Using the standard LCAO molecular orbi…
This paper reports a synthetic route to the hexahydro-furofuran nucleus found in phenolic resinols, a class of lignan natural products that includes biologically active compounds such as sesamin. Isomeric dibenzoylsuccinic esters were reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to the corresponding tetrao…
This paper reports a route completing the synthesis of the alkaloid yohimbine from yohimbon, addressing the difficulty of converting earlier synthetic intermediates into the natural methyl ester. Yohimbon is condensed with diethyl carbonate to give ethyl yohimboncarboxylate, which is then catalytica…
This paper reports the isolation and identification of beta-butylthiophane, a cyclic sulfide, from oil of the coal-bearing series of the Tuimazy field. The authors fractionated the oil by vacuum isothermal rectification, enriched sulfur-containing components through repeated silica-gel chromatograph…
This paper examines the use of the emanation method for studying topochemical transformations relevant to the preparation of oxide catalysts, focusing on the decomposition of magnesium and zinc hydroxides and carbonates. Radium labeled precipitates were prepared, calcined under controlled conditions…
This study examines the conditions under which aromatic amines add to acrylonitrile to form beta-arylaminopropionitriles. Contrary to earlier observations that the reaction does not proceed without acidic catalysts in anhydrous media, experiments showed that heating aniline and substituted aromatic …
This paper examines regularities in the diffusion combustion of liquid petroleum products, including gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, solar oil, and transformer oil, burned in cylindrical reservoirs of widely varying diameters. Using flame photography, burning rate measurements, flame height data, a…
This paper investigates isomeric silapentanes with the formula C4H12Si in order to assess how the position and bonding state of silicon in a silicon-carbon skeleton affect physical properties and Si-H reactivity. The authors develop aluminum chloride catalyzed synthetic routes, including disproporti…
This study examines whether sulfur affects the solubility of oxygen in liquid iron, a question relevant to understanding simultaneous deoxidation and desulfurization processes. Electrolytic iron melts containing sulfur were equilibrated at 1550 and 1600°C with a steam and hydrogen gas mixture, using…
This study examines the vapor-phase oxidative transformations of methanol, formaldehyde, and formic acid over granulated tin vanadate under flow conditions with excess moist air. Product analyses showed that methanol and formaldehyde give mainly formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, and smaller amounts of …
This study examines the structure of humic acids obtained by mild oxidation of Donets hard coals of different metamorphic ranks with hydrogen peroxide or nitric acid, followed by alkaline extraction. Optical density measurements, calcium chloride precipitation thresholds, infrared spectroscopy, and …
This study investigates the mechanism of welding organic glass, specifically plasticized and unplasticized polymethyl methacrylate, in relation to theories of adhesion and autohesion. Using controlled welding experiments with varied pressure, temperature, and time, followed by tensile testing of wel…
This paper examines the condensation of nitroolefins with compounds containing active methyl groups, extending earlier work on reactions with active methylene compounds. Nitroisohexylene, nitrostyrene, and furyl nitroethylene were reacted with trinitrotoluene, mesomethylacridine, and quaternary salt…
This paper examines nonstationary effects during the anodic dissolution and electropolishing of copper in concentrated orthophosphoric acid, focusing on potential jumps and maxima in current, voltage curves. Treating mass transport near the anode as predominantly diffusional in highly viscous acid s…
This study examines the alkylation of benzene with propylene using phosphoric acid derivatives containing fluorine, their boron fluoride complexes, and sulfuric acid as comparative catalysts. Experiments at mainly 20°C evaluated catalyst durability, alkylate yield, product fractionation, benzene to …
This study examines how supersaturation kinetics govern the development of crystallization structures during the hydration hardening of gypsum. Using conductometric measurements of calcium sulfate concentration in hemihydrate suspensions, the authors show that sufficiently concentrated systems reach…
The study investigates the direct liquid-phase photochemical sulfooxidation of n-heptane with gaseous sulfur dioxide and oxygen under ultraviolet irradiation. Experiments in quartz reactors and flow and closed systems showed formation of products consisting mainly of heptanesulfonic acids, with smal…
This paper reports an improved Friedel-Crafts alkylation of ferrocene that avoids using a large excess of alkyl halide by employing n-heptane or petroleum ether as solvent. Ferrocene was alkylated with methyl chloride, ethyl bromide, isopropyl chloride, and ethylene-derived conditions, followed by f…
This study reports the synthesis and biological screening of diphenyl derivatives designed as potential antitubercular agents, focusing on azomethines and N,N′-substituted thioureas derived from 4-aminodiphenyl and related para-alkoxy compounds. The authors prepared multiple series by condensation w…
This paper reports the thermal reaction of methyldichlorosilane with ethylene and propylene under pressure and excess olefin, in the context of known additions of silicon hydrides to olefins. The authors show that these reactions form homologous mixtures of methylalkyldichlorosilanes, identified as …
This study examines the halochromism of phenyl and cyclohexyl substituted carbinols by comparing their absorption spectra in concentrated sulfuric acid and, where relevant, in alcoholic solution. Triphenylcarbinol, cyclohexyldiphenylcarbinol, and dicyclohexylphenylcarbinol gave complex spectra with …
This study examines whether lime can bind with silica to form calcium hydrosilicate under ordinary conditions, contrary to the view that appreciable formation requires hydrothermal autoclave treatment. Using calcium-45 labeled calcium hydroxide, the authors measured calcium binding by sands of diffe…
This study investigates the synthesis and reactivity of organomercury compounds containing trichloromethyl and omega,omega-dichloroallyl groups, classes for which few or no prior examples were available. The authors prepare several mercury halides by reactions of halogenated methanes and dichloroall…
This study examines aluminum oxide as a mercury-free catalyst for producing vinyl chloride by gas-phase hydrochlorination of acetylene in a flow reactor. Using purified and dried acetylene and hydrogen chloride, the authors tested the effects of hydrogen chloride pretreatment of the catalyst, reacta…
This study examines how copper sulfate concentration affects exchange sorption by crystals of lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids, measured through pH changes associated with hydrogen ion liberation. Experiments across a broad concentration range show that, for small acid charges, hydrogen…
This paper investigates the separation of boron isotopes by chemical exchange between gaseous boron trifluoride and its liquid complex with anisole. The authors test the proposed isotope-exchange reaction through a stepwise experiment and determine an equilibrium constant of about 1.013, with boron-…
This study examines the oxidative behavior of piazthiole and several derivatives in order to clarify the balance of aromatic and unsaturated character in these heterocycles. Oxidation with peracetic acid mainly caused destruction of the organic molecule, whereas potassium permanganate oxidation of p…
This paper reports the first developed synthesis of ethoxyisoprene, 1-ethoxy-3-methylbutadiene-1,3, an alkoxydiene of interest as a potential intermediate for isoprenoid compounds. The authors prepare acetone diethyl ketal from acetone and tetraethoxysilane using phosphoric acid, condense it with vi…
This paper reports a stereochemically directed synthesis of trans-Delta4,9-steradienone-3 from a substituted cyclopentenone acetic acid precursor. The route uses selective hydrogenation, Clemmensen reduction, intramolecular acylation, reduction and hydrogenolysis of an aromatic ring, acid-catalyzed …
This paper investigates the conformations of cis- and trans-2-methyl-1-ethylcyclohexanols, a problem not readily resolved by chemical transformations alone. Using Raman, or combinational light scattering, spectra of the pure liquids and carbon tetrachloride solutions, the authors compare hydroxyl, r…
This paper investigates the reaction of delta-2-cyclopentenyl chloride with the Iotsich reagent as a route to cyclopentane hydrocarbons, especially precursors of 1,2-dicyclopentylethane. The authors show that the reaction gives di-delta-2-cyclopentenylacetylene in 20 to 36 percent yield, together wi…
This study uses an oxygen isotope tracer method to examine the mechanism of anodic oxygen evolution on platinum in concentrated perchloric acid at different anodic overvoltages. Perchloric acid labeled with oxygen-18 was electrolyzed, and the isotopic composition of evolved oxygen was measured mass …
This paper develops a kinetic interpretation of gelation in dilute sols and suspensions by treating gels as quasicrystalline lattices of colloidal particles fixed at finite separations by molecular attraction and ionic-electrostatic repulsion. It relates shear elasticity to changes in free energy un…
This study examines how chemical bonding affects the fine structure of titanium K beta x-ray emission lines in titanium dioxide, simple and complex carbides, nitride, and hydride. The authors prepared or obtained these compounds, verified their structures by x-ray methods, and recorded spectra with …
This study examines how the molecular structure of direct azo dyes affects their affinity for cellulosic cotton fiber, focusing on benzidine derivatives and corresponding para-terphenyl derivatives. The authors synthesized and purified selected dyes, measured affinity under equilibrium dyeing condit…
This paper examines the kinetics of mechanical destruction of high polymers, focusing on macromolecular chain rupture under controlled mechanical action and the stabilization of resulting macroradicals in active media. Using ball-mill experiments and other apparatus under specified atmospheres and t…
This study examines chemical changes in alpha-cellulose isolated from pine wood ranging from young shoots to fossil material of interglacial age. Cellulose samples were prepared by the sulfate method, purified with alkali, and analyzed by elemental composition, nitration and acetylation reactions, d…
