SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper proposes an approximate method for calculating the surface tension of metals using the heat of sublimation rather than an arbitrarily chosen number of free electrons per atom. It develops a polar ion-electron lattice model, incorporates surface roughness through a statistical treatment of…
This study investigates the addition of trans-1,3-pentadiene to nitrosobenzene in order to determine the structure of the resulting 3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazine derivatives and to assess implications for the mechanism of diene synthesis with nitroso compounds. The adduct was prepared in chloroform and ch…
This study examines the structures of benzhydroxamic acids and the alpha and beta forms of tribenzhydroxylamine in solution by quantitative ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy in ethanol, sodium alcoholate, and concentrated sulfuric acid. Comparisons with benzamide and analysis of solvent and acid o…
This paper reports the homolytic isomerization of 1,1,1-trichloro-2-bromopropene to 1,1,2-trichloro-3-bromopropene-1, occurring after an induction period or rapidly under mercury-lamp illumination and inhibited by hydroquinone or dimethylaniline. The authors propose a radical chain mechanism involvi…
This study examines the nature of local passivity during electrolytic polishing of copper in phosphoric acid, focusing on whether oxide films form on the anodic surface. Using anodic charging curves recorded oscillographically at polishing current densities, the authors analyze how current density, …
This study examines the mechanism of pyridine ring cleavage by amines, a reaction previously uncertain as to whether it proceeds through isolable intermediates or by direct substitution involving two amine molecules. The authors investigate reactions of substituted pyridine bases with cyanogen bromi…
This study measures the first photoionization potentials of vapors of selected organic compounds, with emphasis on aromatic molecules relevant to investigations of electronic properties and adsorption. Three photoelectric methods are compared, a capacitor cell, an ionization chamber with gas amplifi…
This paper examines Carroll-type syntheses of isoprenoid ketones from linalool, 3-methyllinalool, dehydrolinalool, and 3-methyldehydrolinalool using either acetoacetic ester or diketene routes. The authors optimize catalyst-free condensations with acetoacetic ester and base-promoted acylations with …
This study examines the electrolysis of CaO, Al₂O₃, and SiO₂ melts, focusing on the identification of cathodic products and the factors governing current efficiency. Using liquid cast iron and copper cathodes to capture reduced species, the authors measured silicon and aluminum deposition across sla…
This study examines the vapor phase hydrogenation of alkylfurylcarbinols over palladized charcoal, a system expected to hydrogenate the furan ring but found instead to promote selective hydrogenolysis of the side chain C, O bond. Methylfurylcarbinol and ethylfurylcarbinol were prepared from furfural…
This paper proposes a kinetic method for estimating parameters of the hindered internal rotation potential in molecules exhibiting rotational isomerism. Using infrared spectra of crystalline propyl chloride, the authors follow the time-dependent disappearance of bands assigned to the gauche isomer a…
This study examines the direct sulfochlorination of methane with gaseous sulfur dioxide and chlorine as a route to methanesulfonyl chloride, a compound not previously obtained effectively by direct reaction. Experiments using ultraviolet and X-ray irradiation produced mainly chlorinated methanes and…
This paper reports the preparation and characterization of three new salts of the tropylium ion: the chloroplatinate, perchlorate, and tetraphenylborate. The salts were obtained by exchange reactions from aqueous tropylium bromide, and their solubilities, stability, elemental analyses, and ultraviol…
This study compares the decomposition of diazomethane, diazoethane, diazotoluene, diazodiphenylmethane, and selected mixtures in the presence of metallic copper and boron compounds, focusing on the formation of polymeric hydrocarbons. The authors report that trimethyl borate promotes quantitative po…
This paper examines ion antagonism in the coagulation of lyophobic sols by mixed electrolytes, focusing on a system in which the auxiliary ion of the weaker coagulant is multivalent. Extending the Derjaguin and Landau treatment for charged colloidal plates, the authors calculate the critical coagula…
This paper reports the synthesis of potassium tetra(alpha-thienyl)borate and potassium tetra(n-anisyl)borate by reactions of organomagnesium iodides with potassium borofluoride, along with rubidium, cesium, and thallium(I) derivatives obtained by precipitation. It examines the aqueous solubilities a…
This paper investigates the surface tension of ternary metallic solutions in the mercury, cadmium, potassium system at 22 °C as a test of V. K. Semenchenko’s molecular theory of surface phenomena in multicomponent solutions. Using a combined apparatus, the authors measured 170 amalgams containing up…
This study examines hydrogen redistribution during the catalytic transformation of 1,3-cyclohexadiene on vacuum-deposited palladium films, using infrared spectroscopy to analyze reaction products. Palladium films were prepared under high vacuum on glass reactors, and product mixtures were quantified…
This paper examines the empirical linear relation between activation energy and heat of reaction, often written for exothermic reactions as E = a minus bQ. Focusing on gas phase radical exchange reactions, it derives the relation by treating changes in the potential energy surface as arising from a …
This paper reports the use of diisobutylaluminum hydride as a reagent for converting nitriles to aldehydes through formation and hydrolysis of organoaluminum imine intermediates. A range of aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaromatic, dinitrile, and chloro-substituted nitriles was reduced under nitrogen in …
This paper reports a synthesis of racemic emetamine, a minor alkaloid of ipecacuanha roots whose structure had been inferred from its relationship to emetine and from oxidative degradation studies. Using a previously developed route to emetine, the authors prepared an ester precursor, coupled it wit…
This paper investigates double nitrates formed by lanthanum, trivalent cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium with triphenylbenzylarsonium nitrate, extending earlier work on related organic-base salts of rare-earth elements. The compounds were prepared by combining rare-earth nitrates with triphenylben…
This paper examines whether replacing alkoxy groups in dialkyl phosphites with more electrophilic phenoxy groups can shift phosphite tautomerism toward a form displaying trivalent phosphorus reactivity. Diphenyl phosphite was synthesized by hydrolysis of diphenyl chlorophosphite and characterized by…
This study addresses the previously undetermined crystal structures of the binary titanium compounds TiSi and TiGe. Using chemically synthesized samples, single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, phase and chemical analyses, density measurements, and intensity calculations, the authors establish …
This paper examines the activity of zinc oxide in lead-smelting slags during fuming, with comparison to previously studied copper-smelting slags. Using fuming-rate data, gas-phase equilibrium relations for reduction by carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and an oxygen material balance, the authors calcula…
Binary systems of high molecular weight normal paraffins, triacontane with tetratriacontane and triacontane with hexatriacontane, were investigated to establish their phase behavior, which had not previously been described. Synthesized and purified hydrocarbons were examined mainly by differential t…
This paper examines the chemistry of beta-nitroperfluoroalkyl nitrites, newly accessible from fluoroolefins and nitrogen oxides, with emphasis on their hydrolysis and alcoholysis. The authors show that hydrolysis gives unusually stable alpha-nitroperfluorocarboxylic acids rather than the behavior ty…
This paper examines the mechanism of catalytic hydrogen waves in polarography, focusing on cases produced by organic bases such as pyridine. It argues that these currents are not caused by a lowering of the activation energy for hydrogen ion discharge, but by a reversible discharge of the protonated…
This paper presents two technical routes for synthesizing methylpentadiene, a diene of interest for polymer and copolymer production but previously of limited industrial accessibility. The first method involves catalytic cleavage of 2,4,4,6-tetramethyldioxane-1,3 with steam at 300 to 325°C, giving a…
This paper examines the use of ultrasonic waves to accelerate the halogenation of coal, a heterogeneous process relevant to rare element extraction but ordinarily slow and inefficient under mild conditions. Experiments with long flame coal show that insonation at 380 kc and 8 W per square centimeter…
This study addresses the limited knowledge of organosilicon hydrocarbons containing p-tolyl groups, particularly alkyl-substituted mono-, di-, and tri-p-tolylsilanes and related ethoxy derivatives. The authors synthesize these compounds through reactions of p-tolyl organolithium or Grignard reagents…
This communication investigates the tautomerism of 5-arylazotropolones, whose observed reactivity was found to be inconsistent with a simple arylazotropolone structure. A series of compounds prepared by azo coupling of substituted tropolones with diazonium salts was examined through reactions with o…
This study examines how the physical structure of cellulose, especially macromolecular packing density, influences the direction of chemical reactions during thermal decomposition in vacuum. Cellulose preparations of similar chemical composition but different structural states were produced by disso…
This paper examines the role of the three-phase contact line in the action of collector reagents during froth flotation, addressing earlier hypotheses that reagent molecules concentrate preferentially at the mineral, water, and air boundary. Using potassium ethyl xanthate labeled with radioactive su…
This paper describes the preparation and properties of alkyl esters of ethylthioarsinous acid of the general formula C2H5As(SR)2, a class of compounds previously little studied. The authors synthesize several ethyl, propyl, butyl, isoamyl, and hexyl derivatives by reactions of ethyldichloroarsine wi…
This study examines whether substituted derivatives of alpha-pinene oxide undergo the skeletal isomerization previously observed for alpha-pinene oxide itself. The authors synthesized a series of myrtenyl-derived alpha-pinene oxides by oxidation with acetyl hydroperoxide and treated selected oxides …
This study examines the saponification of full phosphorous acid esters, P(OR)3, by water and the transesterification of trialkyl phosphites with alcohols. Using dilatometric and refractometric measurements, the authors compare hydrolysis rates for several trialkyl and triphenyl phosphites, finding s…
This study examines the liquid-phase hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene on palladium and platinum black catalysts at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure, using cyclohexane or ethanol as solvent. By following hydrogen uptake kinetics and testing for residual cyclopentadiene, the authors compare the sequence…
This paper investigates the addition of trialkyl phosphites to alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, chiefly acrolein and crotonaldehyde, as an extension of earlier work on related unsaturated acids. The authors prepare and characterize several addition products, examine their behavior under distillatio…
This study investigates the water-insoluble precipitate formed during gamma-radiolytic oxidation of benzene in degassed aqueous solution, a product previously often assumed to be diphenyl. The authors isolated the precipitate by centrifugation and washing, then examined it by ultraviolet and infrare…
This paper examines how stable intermediate products can alter the kinetics of complex chain reactions, especially hydrocarbon oxidation, beyond the established mechanism of degenerate branching. Using illustrative reaction schemes and steady-state treatment of radical concentrations, it derives rat…
This paper proposes a method for determining the specific surface area of adsorbents from gas adsorption measurements in the monomolecular region, where conventional B.E.T. and Harkins and Jura methods may be unreliable for finely porous materials. Nitrogen adsorption at 77.4 K on silica gel and alu…
This paper investigates whether the hypothetical higher oxide CO3 is formed during carbon monoxide combustion in oxygen, a question relevant to proposed mechanisms of dry CO oxidation. Using infrared emission spectroscopy of a CO diffusion flame with dried gases and controlled oxygen, nitrogen, and …
This study examines how dipolar ions, represented by amino acids and peptides, are sorbed by ion-exchange resins, emphasizing that their simultaneous positive and negative charges produce behavior different from that of ordinary ions. Dynamic sorption experiments with sulfonic and carboxylic resins …
This study examines the preparation and properties of lanthanum sulfides, motivated by contradictory reports on lanthanum sesquisulfide and by analogy with lower cerium sulfides. Lanthanum sesquisulfide was produced from lanthanum chloride by sulfidation with dry hydrogen sulfide, then heated in hig…
This study examines amino, imino tautomerism in acylated derivatives of 2-aminopyridine and 2-aminothiazole, interpreting the equilibrium as an acid, base process influenced by the basicities of ring and exocyclic nitrogen atoms. Infrared and ultraviolet spectra of compounds bearing acyl, sulfonyl, …
This paper examines the structural interpretation of organochromium compounds obtained from reactions of phenylmagnesium bromide with chromic chloride, particularly whether Hein’s polyphenylchromium derivatives are better described as di, pi arene chromium salts. The authors assess earlier reduction…
This paper examines the formation of arylsulfonic acid anhydrides during reactions of arylsulfonic acids and their sodium salts with inorganic acid chlorides, including phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride, thionyl chloride, and chlorosulfonic acid. Experimental c…
This study examines products formed during electroreduction of gramicidin C, with the aim of testing earlier indirect evidence for a diketopiperazine ring involving proline and phenylalanine. Electrophoretically homogeneous gramicidin C was reduced, hydrolyzed, and analyzed by paper chromatography, …
This study examines the addition of trichlorosilane, tribromosilane, and methyldichlorosilane to selected olefinic hydrocarbons containing terminal or branched double bonds, using benzoyl peroxide as initiator. Reactions with 1-nonene and 1-decene gave alkyltrihalosilanes in comparatively high yield…
