SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper examines deep chlorination of propane as a heat-intensive reaction that is difficult to control under conventional conditions, and evaluates a model process using a moving inert heat carrier. Experiments were conducted with mullite granules in a closed circulating system at 360 to 395°C, …
This study examines the kinetics and mechanism of hydrogen iodide addition to several unsaturated compounds, including cyclohexene, allyl chloride, 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene, and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, in different solvents. Kinetic measurements show that iodine catalyzes addition to cyclohe…
This study examines the hydrogenation of ethylcyclobutane and 1,1,2-trimethylcyclopropane over a 20 percent palladized carbon catalyst, with comparison to known behavior over platinized carbon. The authors pass hydrocarbon and hydrogen mixtures over reduced catalyst at controlled temperatures and id…
The study examines whether palladized charcoal and activated charcoal catalyze isomerization of 1,1,2-trimethylcyclopropane, in contrast to hydrogenolysis reactions previously observed for alkylcyclopropanes. In flow experiments at 220°C, followed by hydrogenation and fractionation of the olefinic p…
This paper describes a synthesis of previously unknown 2-substituted dehydroquinolizinium salts using alpha-picolyllithium and dimethyl acetals of acylacetaldehydes derived from beta-chlorovinyl ketones. The reaction gives lithium alcoholates that are cyclized with hydrobromic acid to 2-hydroxy-2-su…
This study applies a kinetic labeled-atom method to clarify the role of ethylene in the thermal cracking of propane. Propane containing a small amount of carbon-14 labeled ethylene was cracked under static conditions in a quartz vessel at 530 to 580 degrees Celsius, and the products were separated c…
This paper describes the synthesis of linalool and related vinyl alcohols through condensation of acetylene with methylheptenone and analogous ketones, followed by selective partial hydrogenation. The authors show that powdered potassium hydroxide promotes the acetylene condensation under mild press…
This study examines the reactions of cyclopentenyl chloride with tetramethylene and pentamethylenedimagnesium bromides as a route to hydrocarbons containing two cyclopentane rings. The reactions gave the expected unsaturated dicyclopentenyl derivatives, 1,4-di(cyclopentenyl)butane and 1,5-di(cyclope…
This study examines the reduction of aliphatic monoolefins by alkali metals in liquid ammonia in the presence of alcohol proton donors, addressing whether isolated olefinic double bonds can be reduced under these conditions. Normal alpha olefins from pentene-1 to decene-1, as well as heptene-3 and o…
This paper analyzes ignition of fuel-air mixtures by a heated surface under conditions approximating those in engines, using earlier experimental dependences of ignition temperature on compression temperature and pressure. Starting from the thermal theory of heated-surface ignition and adapting it t…
This study examines the polarographic behavior of copper and cadmium oxides dissolved in molten borax, motivated by the analytical importance of direct measurements in high-temperature melts. Using platinum electrodes at 820 degrees C, the authors recorded polarograms, tested alternative equations f…
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of divalent platinum complexes with epsilon-aminocaproic acid, extending earlier work on platinum compounds of alpha, beta, and gamma amino acids. The authors show that formation of an inner complex salt is not achieved for this 1,6 amino acid, c…
This paper examines whether inorganic and organic cations can undergo specific, superequivalent adsorption on a negatively charged mercury surface, contrary to the usual electrocapillary assumption that only anions are specifically adsorbed. Differential capacitance measurements were made with a han…
This study examines the anodic dissolution of metallic thorium in molten alkali-metal chlorides, a process relevant to the electrochemistry of molten salts. Polarization measurements were made for a thorium anode in an equimolar sodium chloride and potassium chloride melt at 710 and 815 degrees Cels…
This paper describes a synthetic route to aliphatic dialkylamino alcohols using thiophene derivatives as precursors, motivated by the relevance of amino alcohols to physiologically active compounds. Tertiary amines of the thiophene series were converted to organolithium compounds, oxyethylated with …
This paper investigates the conversion of polyalkylaromatic coke-oven solvent, mixed with toluene, into xylenes and other low-molecular aromatic hydrocarbons over synthetic aluminosilicate catalysts. Experiments in flow reactors examined the effects of temperature, pressure, feed rate, and reaction …
This study examines the alkylation of alpha and beta naphthols with acetylene in alcoholic solution using a phosphoric acid, boron trifluoride catalyst system with mercuric oxide. Experiments on beta naphthol varied catalyst concentration, temperature, solvent, acetylene flow, and reaction time, ide…
The study examines the kinetics of propylene absorption by 67 percent aqueous sulfuric acid under conditions intended to minimize diffusion limitations. Experiments measured pressure decrease and product formation over a range of temperatures, with analyses of isopropyl alcohol and isopropyl hydroge…
This study examines the acidic fraction of oleoresin from Norway spruce and reports the identification of dehydroabietic and palustric acids as additional constituents. Resin acids obtained from freshly tapped spruce oleoresin were separated through alkaline extraction, regeneration, reaction with m…
The study examines the kinetics of hydrogen peroxide decomposition in aqueous solutions over a broad concentration range, from 2 to 92 mole percent, under gamma irradiation, with comparison to thermal and ultraviolet initiated decomposition. Reaction rates were measured volumetrically by oxygen evol…
This study examines how the degree of deformation affects ozone cracking in vulcanized rubbers, addressing contradictory earlier reports on critical deformation. Using an objective method based on effective crack depth calculated from stress relaxation during ozonation, the authors compare natural r…
This paper extends an organomagnesium approach to the synthesis of carbon to carbon derivatives of carbohydrates, using acetochloromonoses prepared from acetylated sugars as starting materials. The authors report preparations of new aryl and allyl acetylated derivatives of galactose, xylose, and ara…
This study examines the mechanism of polarization in the polarography of simple nickel and cobalt ions, whose irreversible waves had been reported with inconsistent half-wave potentials. Polarographic measurements at 25 degrees C were made in nitrate, perchlorate, and sulfate supporting electrolytes…
This study examines the conversion of trimethyllevoglucosan, prepared from levoglucosan obtained by vacuum dry distillation of starch, into aromatic products under the action of metallic sodium in liquid ammonia. By modifying reaction handling and product isolation, the authors increased the phenol …
This study examines whether organohydroxysilanes react with isocyanates analogously to organic alcohols, forming urethane derivatives without by-products. Triethylhydroxysilane, diethylpropylhydroxysilane, and diethylbutylhydroxysilane were reacted with meta-tolylene diisocyanate, and the products w…
This study examines the mechanism of divinyl formation from ethyl alcohol over the Lebedev catalyst, with particular attention to competing schemes involving acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, and crotyl alcohol intermediates. Using carbon 14 labeled ethyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, and crotonaldehyde, the a…
This study examines the reaction of diacetylene with butanol, cyclohexanol, and beta-decalol under alkaline heating conditions, with attention to reaction conditions, isolated products, and structural verification. The reactions proceed stepwise to form ethynylvinyl ethers, and, at higher temperatur…
The study examines the kinetics of isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenation to acetone over precipitated metallic iron, cobalt, and nickel catalysts in a flow apparatus. Relative adsorption coefficients for acetone and hydrogen were determined by adding reaction products to the feed and applying a kinetic …
This paper refines the metallic model approach to calculating the anisotropy of diamagnetic susceptibility in aromatic molecules. It identifies an error in an earlier perturbation-theory treatment, namely the omission of the second-order contribution from the vector-potential derivative term, and de…
This paper addresses the limited availability and uncertain characterization of arylthallium compounds of the type ArTlX2, especially halides that had been obtained by less reliable multistep routes and appeared colored because of secondary reactions or impurities. The authors propose a synthesis ba…
This study investigates intermediate products in photochemical oxidation and reduction reactions of xanthene dyes, including eosin, erythrosin, and Bengal rose, using potentiometric measurements and solution conductivity during illumination. Experiments with varying light intensity, dye concentratio…
This paper reports syntheses of new carbohydrate derivatives in which the sugar residue is connected to an aglycone through a direct carbon to carbon bond. Using reactions of sugar acetohalides with organomagnesium compounds and subsequent halogenation, acylation, or chlorination transformations, th…
This paper reports a method for synthesizing aromatic organotin compounds by decomposing diaryliodonium chloride complexes with tin chlorides in the presence of tin powder. The authors argue that the reaction proceeds through double iodonium salts, noting that mixtures of diaryliodonium chlorides an…
This paper reports the catalytic synthesis of previously undescribed nitro, amino, and sulfonamide derivatives of 2-phenylquinoline and 2-phenyl-5,6-benzoquinoline, motivated by known antibacterial activity in related quinoline amines and sulfonamides. Nitro derivatives were prepared through condens…
This paper extends the Gibbs phase rule inequality to multicomponent heterogeneous systems whose phase concentration matrix may have nonmaximal rank, including cases where components are absent from some phases or distinct phases have identical concentration composition. By comparing constraints der…
This study examines early crystallization structure formation in aqueous suspensions of tricalcium aluminate, a key aluminate component governing the initial behavior of portland cement paste. Using model mixtures of tricalcium aluminate with finely ground quartz sand, the authors follow plastic str…
This study examines liquid immiscibility in simple fluorosilicate melts, a problem complicated by the volatility of silicon tetrafluoride during heating. Using sealed molybdenum crucibles and microscopic examination of quenched products, the author investigated silica systems with several metal fluo…
This paper examines the aging and thermo-oxidative decomposition of cellulose ethers and esters under oxygen, air, inert gas, heating, and ultraviolet irradiation. Using viscosity measurements, oxygen uptake, analysis of volatile products, and characterization of oxidized materials, the study argues…
This study examines the unusual decrease in color intensity, without a change in hue, observed when alkali is added to violet solutions of halogenanilic acids. The authors argue that this behavior is explained by stepwise dissociation involving reversible formation and destruction of intramolecular …
This paper examines how an external electric field can affect the equilibrium composition of a gas phase chemical reaction whose reactants are nonpolar molecules and whose products are polar molecules. Using ammonia synthesis as the example, it modifies the chemical potentials of hydrogen, nitrogen,…
The study examines cleavage of the tetrahydrofuran ring by silicon tetrachloride, in the context of known ring-opening reactions induced by halogen-containing reagents. Experiments show that tetrahydrofuran and silicon tetrachloride do not react appreciably without a catalyst, but in the presence of…
This study examines how the chemical nature of hydrocarbon solvents affects the oxidation of sodium-butadiene rubber in dilute solution. Using oxygen uptake and peroxide accumulation measurements at elevated temperatures, the authors compare aromatic, naphthenic, and naphtheno-aromatic solvents and …
This paper examines sulfonation reactions of aromatic compounds with chlorosulfonic acid and oleum, focusing on the formation of sulfonyl chlorides, sulfones, and sulfonic acid anhydrides. On the basis of experimental product distributions for benzene and halogenated benzenes under varied temperatur…
This study examines whether the melting point of urea is an upper limit for the existence of crystalline urea complexes with organic substances. Urea complexes with paraffin and several ceresins were prepared in sealed tubes and their disappearance temperatures were determined visually during contro…
This study examines phase relations in two binary systems of long-chain normal paraffin hydrocarbons relevant to the characterization and separation of petroleum paraffins: eicosane with triacontane, and triacontane with dotriacontane. Highly purified hydrocarbons synthesized by Kolbe electrolysis o…
The study examines how solvent identity affects energy transfer during gamma radiolysis of benzoyl peroxide solutions in benzene, cyclohexane, and ethyl acetate. Decomposition rates were measured iodometrically, while diphenylpicrylhydrazyl was used to assess radical formation and to distinguish dir…
This study examines the catalytic polymerization and subsequent aromatization of isobutylene, motivated by thermodynamic calculations indicating possible formation of xylenes through dimerization, cyclization, and dehydrogenation steps. Isobutylene, prepared from isobutyl alcohol, was passed through…
This paper develops an approximate thermodynamic treatment of vapor adsorption on homogeneous surfaces when adsorbed molecules associate into surface complexes. Using a quasi-chemical equilibrium method, it derives isotherm equations for horizontal complexes in the first layer and then extends the m…
This study examines the overall kinetics of ethane cracking at 800 to 900°C under short reaction times, using a quartz reactor with a fluidized corundum heat carrier to provide rapid heating, near complete mixing, and rapid quenching. Product compositions were measured chromatographically, with radi…
