SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
The study applies polarography to clarify the insufficiently resolved tautomerism and stereoisomerism of selected arylhydrazones in alcoholic solution. Families of polarograms were recorded over time for phenylhydrazones of aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds, supported by comparison with azob…
This study examines excitation energy transfer during gamma radiolysis of three-component benzene solutions containing benzoyl peroxide and phenanthrene. The authors measured the initial rate of benzoyl peroxide decomposition over a wide range of phenanthrene concentrations and at three peroxide con…
This study examines how the potential of zero charge of metals depends on the structure and composition of the metallic phase. Double-layer capacitance was measured by an alternating-current bridge method in acidified sodium sulfate solutions for single-crystal zinc faces and electrodeposited iron-n…
This study determines the potentials of zero charge of dilute sodium amalgams, a problem complicated by oxidation, decomposition in aqueous electrolytes, and polarization effects. Electrocapillary curves were measured in 1.0 N sodium hydroxide by a modified dropping-weight method with continuous sur…
This study examines the liquid phase oxidation of cumene by molecular oxygen in emulsions, focusing on how the aqueous phase ratio and different emulsifiers affect the formation of cumene hydroperoxide. Experiments at 80°C compared oxidation rates with varying cumene to alkaline aqueous phase ratios…
The study examines anodic passivation of pure chromium in sulfuric acid solutions of varying concentration using potentiostatic polarization measurements and chemical analysis of dissolved chromium species. It determines the dependence of steady dissolution rate on potential, identifying active diss…
This study measures the partial vapor pressures of gold, silver, and copper over solid Au-Ag and Au-Cu alloys using a modified Knudsen effusion apparatus with radioactive isotopic tracers. Condensed evaporates were chemically separated and quantified by activity measurements, allowing calculation of…
This study reexamines the thermal dehydration of orthoboric acid to boric anhydride using thermographic measurements under controlled external pressures from 740 to 10 mm Hg. The results show that the dehydration pathway depends strongly on pressure: it proceeds in two stages at 740 to 65 mm Hg thro…
This study examines the polymerization behavior of bifunctional aromatic compounds containing two isopropenyl groups under conditions analogous to ionic dimerization of alpha-methylstyrene. The authors synthesized and characterized 1,4-diisopropenylbenzene, 4,4′-diisopropenyldiphenylmethane, and 4,4…
This paper examines the occurrence of an equimolecular sodium aluminum fluoride compound in the NaF, AlF3 system, where previous phase studies had generally recognized only cryolite and chiolite. Sublimates from cryolite and alumina melts in argon, especially from melts enriched in aluminum fluoride…
This paper examines whether benzene, normally resistant to direct oxidation and prone to deep combustion in the gas phase, can be oxidized to phenol in the liquid phase near its critical temperature. Autoclave experiments at 230 to 270°C and elevated pressure tested uncatalyzed oxidation, cobalt ste…
This paper reports a method for preparing vinyl esters of phosphorus acids by reacting phosphorus acid chlorides with acetaldehyde and triethylamine under cooling and reduced pressure distillation. The authors synthesize a series of substituted phosphorous and phosphinic acid vinyl esters, including…
This study examines the thermodynamic properties of austenite by measuring the vapor pressure of iron over iron, carbon alloys, addressing discrepancies between earlier gas equilibrium measurements and prior Knudsen vapor pressure results. Using the Knudsen method with radioactive Fe59, vapor pressu…
The paper analyzes critical conditions for ignition of combustible gas mixtures by heated solid bodies, revising earlier thermal ignition criteria to account for depletion of the deficient reactant near the surface, reaction order, diffusion effects, and surface curvature. It derives modified expres…
This paper examines the individual aromatic hydrocarbon composition of gasoline fractions boiling up to 175 degrees from three northeastern Sakhalin crude oils: East Ekhabi, Ekhabi, and Paromai. Aromatic fractions were separated by silica gel chromatography, precisely fractionated, and analyzed usin…
This study investigates adsorption of water vapor on high purity gold foil using modified high sensitivity adsorption balances and pressure measurement systems designed for very small mass changes. After vacuum heat treatment of the gold, water vapor adsorption at 18°C showed an initial rapid uptake…
This study examines a chemical method for preparing trivalent neptunium, a state that is difficult to obtain and preserve because of rapid oxidation in solution. Neptunium(IV) solutions in nitric and hydrochloric acid were treated with rongalite, and the resulting valence states were identified spec…
This study examines the reductive dimerization of derivatives of alpha,beta-unsaturated acids using alkali metal and aluminum amalgams under comparable conditions. By reducing a range of esters, nitriles, amides, and related compounds, the authors assess how conjugation, steric effects, substituent …
This study examines the alkenylation of anisole with piperylene as part of a broader investigation of aromatic alkylation by diene hydrocarbons. Using several acidic catalysts, especially boron fluoride complexes, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, aluminum chloride, and related systems, the authors co…
This study examines how specific intermolecular interactions between solutes and solvents affect deuterium exchange in hydrocarbons, ketones, and methylated nitrogen heterocycles. Rate measurements in deuterated ethanol, liquid ammonia, and alcoholate solutions show that hydrocarbons and ketones exc…
This paper investigates structural transformations in sodium borosilicate glass Na-7/23 during heat treatment, using sorption measurements on porous glasses produced by acid leaching and characterizing pore radius and total pore volume. Comparisons of quenched and slowly cooled initial glasses show …
This study investigates the mechanical properties of very thin aqueous layers separating droplets or solidified particles in highly concentrated benzene, water emulsions stabilized with saponin. Using the emulsion as a narrow-pore filtration viscometer, the authors estimate layer thickness from micr…
The thermal decomposition of isobutylene was studied to clarify its kinetics, product formation, and chain mechanism, particularly the proposed transfer of hydrogen atoms from radicals to olefin double bonds. Experiments in a static vacuum apparatus, supplemented by thermochromatographic gas analysi…
This paper examines whether silicon paraffins can undergo catalytic dehydrogenation, using trimethylbutylsilane as a test substrate after earlier work found no dehydrogenation of tetraethylsilane under selected conditions. Experiments over a selected stable catalyst at space velocity 30 showed forma…
This study examines how high-energy electron irradiation affects galvanic currents in zirconium, aluminum and zirconium, iron pairs immersed in moving 3 percent sodium chloride solution. Experiments showed that irradiation caused a rapid 15 to 20 fold increase in current only when the zirconium cath…
This paper examines conditions under which the differential heat and entropy of adsorption can be calculated from a single adsorption isotherm, rather than from calorimetry or temperature-dependent isosteres. Using Polanyi’s adsorption potential condition and thermodynamic relations including the Cl…
This study examines the formation of thiourea complexes with acetates of the cerium-group rare earth elements lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium. Aqueous solutions of the anhydrous metal acetates were reacted with excess thiourea under neutral or weakly acidic conditions, and the resulti…
This study examines catalytic dehydrogenation of isopentane to isoamylenes as a possible route toward isoprene production for synthetic rubber. Experiments were carried out in a flow apparatus using a potassium-promoted alumina, chromia catalyst, with variation of temperature, space velocity, contac…
This study examines the kinetics and order of hydrogenation of peroxide compounds containing additional functional groups on a skeletal nickel catalyst. Using multiplet theory and bond energy calculations, the authors predict the relative ease of hydrogenation for nitro, peroxide, acetylenic, and et…
This paper investigates the continuous telomerization of ethylene with carbon tetrachloride to prepare higher alpha,alpha,alpha,omega-tetrachloroalkanes, with emphasis on conditions favoring the C9 to C15 fractions. Autoclave and flow-reactor experiments were used to examine the effects of temperatu…
This study examines the catalytic alkylation of isopentane with propylene and isobutylene using monofluorophosphoric, difluorophosphoric, and orthophosphoric acids saturated with boron fluoride. Experiments compared catalyst operating life, alkylate yield, fractional composition, unsaturation, and p…
This paper examines surface phenomena in ternary metallic solutions of Hg-Cd-K and Hg-Cd-Cs at 22 degrees, focusing on concentration buffering when cadmium and alkali-metal additives have opposite effects on mercury surface tension. Surface-tension measurements for 135 Hg-Cd-Cs solutions are compare…
This study examines the high pressure thermal polymerization of 2,3-dimethylbutene-2, 2,3-dimethylbutene-1, and 3,3-dimethylbutene-1 at about 290 degrees and pressures up to roughly 4000 atm. The authors measured polymer yields, fractionated the products, compared physical properties of dimeric and …
This paper examines the thermodynamic equations governing liquidus and solidus curves in ideal binary systems obeying Raoult’s law. Starting from the Clapeyron, Clausius equation and vapor pressure isotherms, it argues that the Van Laar relations are general equations of state for ideal systems rath…
This study examines the role of chain reactions in high-temperature ethane cracking between 770 and 890 °C, a regime relevant to technological pyrolysis but not fully mechanistically clarified. The authors analyze experiments in which ethane was cracked in the presence of radiocarbon-labeled methane…
The study examines catalytic cracking of ethylidenediisopropylbenzene as a potential route to styrene derivatives and as a case of cracking behavior in a highly substituted diarylethane. Experiments were conducted at 600°C with steam dilution over an aluminosilicate catalyst and several activated cl…
This paper investigates conditions for preparing crystalline polypropylene by stereospecific polymerization of propylene using a triethylaluminum and titanium tetrachloride organometallic catalyst. Experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure and at 4 to 6 atm with purified propylene or a tech…
This study examines isotopic exchange of sulfate ions between inner and outer coordination spheres in aqueous acidoammine complexes of trivalent cobalt, using sulfur-35 labeled sulfate and separation with benzidine hydrochloride. Exchange kinetics were measured as functions of time, temperature, com…
The paper examines whether readily available aluminum trialkyls can serve as general alkylating reagents for the synthesis of organoelement compounds, avoiding some limitations of routes based on alkyl halides or Grignard reagents. Triethylaluminum and triisobutylaluminum were reacted with halides o…
This paper examines whether nitrogen pentoxide can nitrate aromatic compounds by a radical pathway, in addition to its established ionic behavior. The authors argue that elevated temperature and nonpolar media favor dissociation of nitrogen pentoxide into radical species, and they report experiments…
This paper examines how thermal and catalytic cracking of the same Grozny paraffinic crude oil differ in the detailed group composition of their gasoline fractions. The authors apply a combined analytical procedure using sulfuric acid treatment, iodine number and molecular weight determination, sele…
This paper investigates the liquid-phase nitration of isopropylcyclohexane with nitric acid under varied reaction conditions. More than forty experiments examined the effects of temperature, reaction time, nitric acid concentration, and hydrocarbon to acid molar ratio, with products isolated by vacu…
This paper analyzes the physicochemical role of temperature fields in gas adsorption chromatography and thermochromatography, focusing on how thermal gradients affect band separation, band width, and recording requirements. The authors derive separation criteria based on distances and widths of adso…
Infrared absorption spectra of isotactic polypropylene films prepared from samples obtained by different methods were measured between 700 and 3000 cm⁻¹, including temperature-dependent measurements from 20 to 200 °C. The study identifies characteristic absorption bands, especially at 810, 839, 894,…
This paper applies a kinetic method, previously used mainly for oxide catalysts, to estimate bond energies between nickel catalysts and atoms occurring in organic compounds. Using activation energies for para, ortho hydrogen conversion, hydrogen, deuterium exchange, hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, an…
The study examines the thermal decomposition kinetics of several alkylphenyltriazenes in solution as sources of free radicals, using gas evolution to measure reaction rates in different media and concentrations. Increasing triazene concentration raises the apparent decomposition rate constants and l…
This study examines the behavior of cyclopentene in catalytic hydrocondensation with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in comparison with cyclopentene alone and with cyclopentene plus hydrogen. Experiments at 190°C over the established contact catalyst showed that cyclopentene alone was unchanged, while…
This study examines how sulfur affects the interfacial tension at the boundary between liquid iron and slags, a problem relevant to steel desulfurization and sulfide inclusion formation. Using X-ray photography of molten iron drops in oxidizing and blast-furnace type slags at 1530 to 1570°C, the aut…
This paper describes a route to beta-cyanovinyl ketones, compounds not readily accessible by direct cyanide substitution of beta-chlorovinyl ketones because of lack of reaction in nonpolar media and resinification in polar media. The authors show that beta-acylvinyltrialkylammonium salts, formed fro…
This study examines the regularities governing the inclusion of copper, antimony, lead, cobalt, iron, and zinc impurities in cathodic tin deposits from acidic tin electrolytes. Using chemical, spectrographic, and radioactive isotope determinations, the authors compare impurity content in deposits wi…
