SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper examines the acid-catalyzed anionotropic rearrangement of 2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,7-trien-6-ol, a polyene alcohol related in carbon skeleton to linalool. The authors synthesize the trienol via lithium acetylide addition to 2-methylhepta-2,4-dien-6-one followed by partial hydrogenation, and c…
This paper examines the synthesis of tetrakis trialkyl and aryl siloxy titanium compounds of the general type by transesterification of alkyl orthotitanates with trialkyl or triaryl silanols. Using small amounts of metallic sodium as catalyst, the authors obtained several titanium organosilicon deri…
This study examines whether ethylene participates in chain initiation and growth during hydrocarbon synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen over a cobalt thorium catalyst, a question relevant to evaluating alcohol dehydration condensation mechanisms of the Fischer Tropsch type process. The autho…
This paper examines the composition of resin acids in Scots pine oleoresin and argues that neoabietic acid is a primary constituent. Crystalline resin acids were fractionated through sodium and diethylamine salts, with levopimaric acid removed in one procedure by maleic anhydride, followed by repeat…
This paper develops regularities for calculating physicochemical properties of hydrocarbons from chemical structure, extending earlier bond contribution equations for alkanes. It shows that branched alkanes, and more generally hydrocarbons containing alkyl radicals attached to a fixed structural nuc…
The study examines how chromium concentration affects the optical absorption spectra of mixed aluminum potassium and chromium potassium alums in crystals and solutions, with attention to possible interactions between absorption centers and deviations from Beer’s law. Absorption spectra were measured…
The study examines the reaction of cyclopentadienyllithium with benzylpyridinium chloride, initially expected to give benzyl-substituted cyclopentadienes. Instead, a crystalline compound of formula C17H15N was isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, molecular-weight determination, hydrogen…
This study examines how the effectiveness of fluorescence quenchers is related to the position of the fluorescence spectrum in substituted phthalimides. Fluorescence lifetimes were measured with a phase fluorometer for solutions containing iodide salts, aniline, or diethylaniline in various solvents…
This study examines the rheological behavior of aqueous solutions of glycerin, sucrose, and xylitol under very low shear stresses, with attention to deviations from Newtonian flow. Using a highly sensitive Shvedov elastoviscometer, the author records deformation as a function of time and stress for …
This study uses oxygen isotope tracing to examine mechanisms proposed for anodic persulfate formation during sulfate electrolysis and for subsequent persulfate hydrolysis. Electrolysis experiments with potassium bisulfate, added hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen 18 enriched water showed that hydrogen pe…
This paper investigates direct conversion of cycloheptatriene and related compounds into the aromatic tropylium system by removal of hydrogen with an electron pair, as an analogue to formation of the cyclopentadienyl anion. The authors examine reactions of cycloheptatriene with several electrophilic…
This paper examines how adsorption kinetics affect the wetting and capture of dust particles by sprayed aqueous surfactant solutions. Comparing dynamic surface tension measured at short interface lifetimes with static equilibrium values, the authors show that surfactants with similar low static surf…
This paper applies a previously developed method for calculating Raman depolarizations and intensities to benzene and hexadeuterobenzene, treating totally symmetric, nonplanar degenerate, and planar degenerate vibrations. Using normal-coordinate data and experimental depolarization and intensity rat…
The study examines transformations of β-chloro ethers in the presence of sodium, copper, aluminum, and magnesium, using chiefly the methyl ether of amylene chlorohydrin. Metallic sodium, contrary to an expected coupling reaction, cleaves the ether with formation of amylene, sodium methoxide, and sod…
This paper examines how organic acids and acid anhydrides affect the bulk polymerization of styrene initiated by diazoamino compounds, especially diazoaminobenzene, at 70 degrees Celsius. Kinetic measurements of polymer yield, initiator decomposition, and nitrogen evolution show that hydrocarbon-sol…
This study examines how adsorption of cesium, strontium, and lanthanum cations depends on the potential of a platinized platinum electrode in acid perchloric and sulfuric acid solutions. Using radioactive tracer isotopes, the authors measured changes in solution activity while varying electrode pote…
This study examines the polymorphism of thallium bisulfate, whose needle and plate crystal forms had suggested dimorphism, and seeks to determine the temperatures and stability conditions of its solid-state transformations. Single crystals of the alpha and beta modifications were analyzed by thermog…
This study examines the formation and stability of oxalate complex compounds of plutonium(III) in aqueous solution, with attention to preventing oxidation by atmospheric oxygen. Spectrophotometric observations showed that Pu(III) complexes retain characteristic Pu(III) spectra only under nitrogen or…
The study examines the reaction of cycloalkanones with acetyl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride as a route to alicyclic chlorovinyl ketone related compounds. Detailed analysis of the cyclohexanone reaction shows that the product is mainly acetyl-2-chlorocyclohexene-2, with a minor isomer…
This paper examines the sulfonation of ferrocene and the preparation of free mono and disulfonic ferrocenesulfonic acids and their derivatives. Ferrocene was treated with pyridine sulfur trioxide or dioxane sulfur trioxide under varied conditions, and products were isolated as free acids or as bariu…
This paper examines how crystallographic orientation affects the zinc atom to ion exchange process on single crystal zinc surfaces. Using zinc single crystals prepared by a Bridgman method, the authors compared basal and prism faces after electropolishing by exposing them to zinc sulfate solution la…
This paper examines the dual course of dehydrochlorination of lower alkylene chlorohydrins, focusing on whether aldehydes arise by isomerization of initially formed epoxides or by an independent reaction pathway. Experiments compare ethylene chlorohydrin and mixtures of propylene chlorohydrin isomer…
This communication analyzes concentration and potential distributions in the diffusion layer during stationary electrolysis, emphasizing distinctions often obscured in treatments of concentration polarization. For binary electrolytes of arbitrary concentration, it shows that the experimentally acces…
This paper examines the mechanism of the Fischer indole reaction and cases in which arylhydrazones undergo abnormal decomposition rather than normal cyclization. Using the generalized theory of conjugation, the authors argue that acid or complex-forming catalysts shift arylhydrazone tautomerism towa…
This paper examines the mechanism of amine alkylation by optically active N-trimethyl-alpha-phenethylammonium iodide, focusing on whether transfer of the alpha-phenethyl group occurs synchronously or through a free carbonium ion. Piperidine and morpholine were alkylated under nitrogen, and the optic…
This study examines the visible light sensitized photooxidation of benzaldehyde, tetralin, and isopropylbenzene by molecular oxygen in the presence of anthraquinone and several hydroxy and amino derivatives. Reaction progress was followed by near infrared absorption bands assigned to oxidation produ…
This study examines how the hydration state of silica surfaces affects the adsorption of benzene and hexane vapors at 20 degrees C. Differential heats of adsorption and adsorption isotherms were measured for calcined silica and for the same material after prolonged hydration, with surface areas and …
This paper reports the synthesis of new 4-methoxy-1,3-dioxolane derivatives as cyclic ketal derivatives of the hydrated form of alpha-keto alcohols. The authors condense the methyl lactolide of dimethylbenzoylcarbinol with benzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde, and benzophenone in carbon t…
A dynamic version of the molecular probe method is proposed for studying adsorbent structure and specific surface area from adsorption of phenol, benzyl alcohol, and thymol solutions in carbon tetrachloride passed through chromatographic columns. Breakthrough curves obtained under standardized flow …
This study examines the mechanism by which levoglucosan forms during the thermal decomposition of cellulose in vacuum, testing the proposed pathway through cellulose hydrolysis to glucose followed by glucose dehydration. The authors compare decomposition products from cellulose, beta-d-glucose, levo…
This paper investigates the synthesis of polyorganoalumosiloxanes through metathesis reactions between aluminum chloride and sodium salts of alkylsilanetriols or related organosiloxane salts. The authors argue that an anhydrous alcoholic medium favors salt exchange with precipitation of sodium chlor…
This study examines hydrogen adsorption on high-purity nickel layers condensed in high vacuum, using gas admission and capillary flow methods over temperatures from minus 195 to 100 degrees Celsius and low pressures. The experiments distinguish two components of adsorption: a rapid irreversible upta…
This paper examines how order develops in chain polymers through crystallization and through orientation of molecular chains, arguing that diffraction patterns should not be interpreted as evidence of crystallinity without separating these contributions. Using electron and X-ray diffraction, the aut…
This study examines the interaction of zinc chloride with ammonia in aqueous solution across the ammonia concentration range, using isothermal solubility measurements and chemical analysis of liquid and solid phases. The system is shown to pass through two crystallization regions: at lower ammonia c…
This study examines the shear strength of adsorption surface layers and bilateral films formed from saponin solutions, motivated by their relevance to foam-cell structure and stability. Using a concentric-ring torsion method with gradual loading, the authors compare deformation and limiting shear st…
This study examines ternary alloys on the TiB2, CrB2, and ZrB2 diboride section, focusing on phase relations and properties relevant to high-temperature, wear-resistant materials. Specimens were prepared by hot pressing, annealed and quenched from selected temperatures, and analyzed by X-ray diffrac…
The paper investigates a method for preparing acetone cyanohydrin from acetone and sodium cyanide using the sulfur dioxide molecular compound of acetone in the presence of controlled water. Experiments show that the reaction proceeds smoothly below 25°C, with sodium sulfite heptahydrate precipitatin…
This study reexamines the molecular association states of selenium vapor, addressing discrepancies between earlier vapor-density interpretations and equilibrium calculations for elemental selenium. Vapor densities were measured by a static method in quartz apparatus over 550 to 900 degrees Celsius a…
This study reexamines the polymorphism of anhydrous sodium carbonate, focusing on phase changes as functions of temperature and sample history. Using high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermographic analysis on samples subjected to melting, calcination, drying, and storage, i…
This study applies pendulum hardness measurements to determine the potential of zero charge of lead dioxide electrodes in sulfuric acid solutions, motivated by the difficulty of direct measurements on solid oxide electrodes in concentrated electrolytes. Lead dioxide deposits prepared by anodic oxida…
This paper investigates routes to trialkylbutadienylsilanes, focusing on the synthesis of 1-trialkylsilylbutadienes from secondary unsaturated alcohols. An attempted direct synthesis from chloroprene and a copper, silicon alloy failed because chloroprene cyclodimerized before reaction, whereas Grign…
This study examines how gaseous media influence the mechanical destruction of fossil coals, with attention to natural structural disturbance, metamorphic degree, and gas type. More than 100 coal samples were crushed in air, carbon dioxide, and methane at elevated pressure, and the resulting dust yie…
This study examines how infrared absorption spectra can be used to determine substituent positions in ferrocene derivatives, especially the presence of an unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl ring. Spectra of ferrocene and numerous mono- and disubstituted derivatives were compared, with particular attenti…
This study examines the electrochemical oxidation of beta-picoline to nicotinic acid, focusing on how electrolyte composition and electrolysis conditions affect product yield. Purified beta-picoline was oxidized in sulfuric acid using primarily a lead dioxide coated lead anode in a diaphragm cell, w…
This paper reports the preparation and characterization of previously unknown tertiary aromatic oxonium salts, chiefly triphenyloxonium salts, using diazo decomposition of phenyldiazonium fluoroborate in diphenyl oxide followed by anion exchange. The authors describe the fluoroborate and a series of…
This paper examines the characteristic vibrational frequencies of olefins and the reliability of assigning observed Raman and infrared bands to specific structural elements around the carbon double bond. Using theoretical normal-vibration calculations for representative substituted ethylenes, includ…
This paper addresses the limited availability of general methods for preparing 3-hydroxypyrrolidine, its N-substituted derivatives, and related sulfur heterocycles. The authors develop a route based on 1,4-dichlorobutanol, obtained by lithium aluminum hydride reduction of 1,4-dichlorobutanone, and s…
This study examines vapor-phase catalytic hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation of sylvan, or 2-methylfuran, at 275 degrees over platinum, palladium, copper chromite, nickel on alumina, and skeletal nickel-aluminum catalysts. Reaction products were separated by fractional distillation, identified through…
This study examines how preliminary dehydrogenation of skeletal nickel affects its catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of dimethylethynylcarbinol in alkaline solution, water, and 96 percent ethanol at 20, 40, and 60 degrees Celsius. A nickel catalyst prepared from a nickel aluminum alloy was sat…
