SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
The study examines the liquid-phase oxidation kinetics of dibenzyl and dicyclohexylethane in a closed circulation apparatus by measuring oxygen uptake and analyzing hydrocarbon consumption and oxidation products. For dibenzyl, the S-shaped oxygen absorption curves, exponential initial behavior, and …
This paper examines the mechanism of alcohol alkylation by optically active N-trimethyl-alpha-phenethylammonium iodide, focusing on whether transfer of the alpha-phenethyl group occurs synchronously or through an intermediate carbonium ion. Methyl, ethyl, and n-butyl alcohols were reacted with the a…
The study examines the kinetics of sulfate ion isotopic exchange between outer and inner coordination spheres in aqueous solutions of sulfatoaquotetramminecobalt(III) sulfate and sulfatopentamminecobalt(III) sulfate, using sulfur-35 labeled sodium sulfate and separation of sulfate forms with benzidi…
This paper investigates the stereochemistry and sequence of catalytic hydrogenation of a triptycene-derived dione over skeletal nickel in dioxane at 45 degrees. Guided by multiplet theory, the authors test whether hydrogenation first affects the olefinic bond or the carbonyl groups by interrupting t…
This study examines previously undescribed acid cyano-substituted esters of phosphorous acid, focusing on reactions of alpha-cyanohydrins with phosphorus trichloride and subsequent transformations of the products. Fractional distillation showed that these reactions give mixtures of alpha-cyanoalkyl …
This study examines the chemical behavior and structural implications of benz-2,1,3-thiodiazole, or piazthiole, whose aromatic stability had left uncertain the extent of any unsaturated character. The authors investigated chlorination and bromination of piazthiole and related derivatives, isolating …
This paper examines the theoretical description of ordering in binary alloys, distinguishing long-range order from short-range order and introducing a correlation parameter linking the two. It argues that models in which configurational energy is treated as a single-valued function of nearest-neighb…
This study examines how the rate of liquid-phase hydrogenation depends on the amount of skeletal nickel catalyst, using hexyne-1 and trans-piperylene under varied solvents, stirring intensities, temperatures, and catalyst-to-substrate ratios. Potentiometric measurements of catalyst potential were us…
This study examines the anodic polarizability of aluminum alloys containing calcium, strontium, and barium in neutral electrolytes relevant to seawater corrosion. Alloys prepared from high-purity aluminum were polarized in Caspian seawater and in 0.5 N sodium chloride and sodium sulfate solutions, w…
This study addresses the previously unsuccessful synthesis of 4-hydroxyfuranidone-3 derivatives, focusing on 4-hydroxy-2,2,5,5-tetraalkylfuranidones-3. The authors prepared 4-isonitroso-2,2,5,5-tetraalkylfuranidones-3 by nitrosation of the corresponding furanidones and found that reduction with zinc…
This study examines anomalous shifts of absorption bands for several dyes in mixed water and organic solvents, particularly cases where the band moves to longer wavelengths than in either pure solvent. By comparing spectral changes in water, water and acetone mixtures, and other solvent systems with…
This paper examines chemical features of 3,4-disubstituted 2,6-dichloropyridines obtained during syntheses of quinuclidine derivatives, comparing them with the corresponding dehalogenated pyridines. The study reports that the 2,6-dichloro compounds fail to form mineral acid salts, picrates, quaterna…
This study examines whether anodic oxidation and reduction of silver oxides in concentrated alkaline solution proceed through the solid phase or via dissolved silver species. Using a rotating gold disk electrode in potassium hydroxide solutions saturated with silver oxide, the work separates diffusi…
This paper examines the spontaneous changes in viscosity observed in aqueous salvarsan solutions and evaluates whether they arise from colloidal association or from changes in molecular weight within a polymeric compound. The authors compare salvarsan prepared by the Ehrlich and Kober methods, follo…
This study examines the vapor phase synthesis of nitriles from ethyl and isoamyl alcohols with ammonia over an alumina molybdenum oxide catalyst containing 10 percent molybdenum trioxide. Experiments measured product formation as a function of temperature at fixed alcohol space velocity, followed by…
This study examines Group VIII metal catalysts for the heterogeneous catalytic addition of ethyldichlorosilane to allyl chloride, a reaction yielding an organosilicon compound with chlorine in the gamma position to silicon. Under standardized autoclave conditions, platinum catalysts on carbon, silic…
This study examines the kinetics and mechanism of ion exchange on aluminosilicate catalysts under dynamic flow conditions in alkaline and neutral media. Industrial and laboratory aluminosilicates with different compositions and heat treatments were contacted for short times with LiOH, NaOH, and KOH …
This study examines the liquid-phase photochlorination of ethyltrichlorosilane with gaseous chlorine under incandescent illumination and compares its behavior with previously reported chlorination methods. Reaction mixtures obtained at varying chlorine-to-substrate ratios were fractionated by rectif…
This paper investigates the synthesis and dehydration behavior of unsaturated organosilicon alcohols in which the hydroxyl group is positioned so as to avoid the beta-cleavage often observed in related silicon-containing alcohols. The authors prepare cyclic and acyclic silicon-containing alcohols th…
This paper examines the kinetics and mechanism of ammonia-induced symmetrization of organomercury salts, using ethyl and menthyl esters of alpha-bromomercuriphenylacetic acid as examples of electrophilic substitution at a saturated carbon atom. Reaction progress was followed mainly by nephelometric …
This study examines the catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclopentene to cyclopentadiene under reduced pressure, motivated by earlier reports of low conversion or substantial side reactions. Cyclopentene was passed in a flow system over an alumina, chromia, potassium oxide catalyst at 500 to 650 °C and …
This study examines substitution of chlorine attached to silicon by alkoxy groups in dichloromethyldimethylchlorosilane and bis(chloromethyl)methylchlorosilane, compounds in which chlorinated alpha substituents might be expected to increase lability of the silicon carbon bond. The authors reacted th…
This study examines isotope effects on ultrasonic velocity, density, adiabatic compressibility, and association in several alcohols deuterated at the hydroxyl group, as well as in heavy water. Measurements over approximately 10 to 80 degrees Celsius, together with cryoscopic determinations in benzen…
The paper examines the thermodynamics of the reversible hydrochlorination of propylene to isopropyl chloride, for which direct equilibrium and heat measurements were previously unavailable. Equilibrium constants were measured in a static pressure apparatus over orthophosphoric acid catalyst at 100 t…
This paper examines nucleophilic reactions of perfluoroallyl chloride with sodium methoxide and diethylamine, motivated by the possible conjugation of the allylic carbon chlorine bond with the double bond in chlorofluoroolefins. The authors show that methoxide substitution gives perfluoroallyl methy…
This paper investigates transformations of gamma-substituted pyridinium salts, especially the behavior of alkoxy, phenoxy, and methylmercapto groups toward aromatic and aliphatic amines. The authors show that unstable dianil salts of beta-alkoxy and beta-phenoxy glutaconic aldehydes readily cyclize …
The study examines the thermal decomposition of diazomethane highly diluted in a nitrogen stream as a source of methylene radicals under conditions minimizing explosive and secondary reactions. Diazomethane was generated, carried by purified nitrogen through a heated reaction zone, and quantified fr…
This study examines the solubility polytherm of the reciprocal aqueous system involving calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and magnesium carbonate, with emphasis on the stability field of dolomite. Using prolonged isothermal dissolution of prepared dolomite and salt mixtures unde…
A series of previously undescribed trialkylsiloxyaluminum dihalides of the type R3SiOAlX2, where X is chlorine or bromine, was prepared and characterized. The compounds were synthesized by heating equimolar hexaalkyldisiloxanes with aluminum halides while distilling off the corresponding trialkylhal…
This study examines how ultraviolet irradiation changes the degree of sulfidity of sulfur cross-link structures in sodium-butadiene rubber vulcanizates prepared by polysulfide and thiuram curing systems. Because chemical and infrared methods were considered insufficiently reliable for distinguishing…
This study examines the chromatographic separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from mixtures containing organosulfur compounds typical of higher boiling petroleum fractions. Using frontal chromatography, the authors measured specific adsorption of selected aromatic and sulfur compounds from isooctane s…
This study examines the interaction of metallic cerium with hydrogen and the compositions of the hydrides formed under varying temperature and pressure conditions. Using purified cerium and hydrogen, the authors measured hydrogen uptake by pressure decrease, sample weight gain, and hydrogen evolutio…
A general preparative route is described for esters of alkylphosphinous and arylphosphinous acids, compounds that were previously difficult to obtain because conventional syntheses required alkyldichlorophosphines. The method treats dialkyl chlorophosphites with alkyl or aryl Grignard reagents in et…
This study examines the thermal transformations of alumina and their bearing on whether dehydrated kaolin forms free oxides or a definite amorphous compound, metakaolinite. Using thermographic and X-ray methods, the authors compare alumina produced from hydrargillite, aluminum nitrate, and aluminum …
This study examines the platinum-catalyzed cyclization of 3-ethylpentane as a less highly branched paraffin expected to yield a single cyclopentane product, ethylcyclopentane. Purified 3-ethylpentane was passed over platinized charcoal at 310°C, and the resulting catalyzates were analyzed by chromat…
This paper examines the nature of catalytic action in the polymerization of vinyl compounds by complex catalysts formed from transition metal halides and metal alkyls, addressing competing interpretations as stepwise organometallic, anionic, or radical processes. The authors use copolymer compositio…
The study examines the liquid-phase hydrobromination of acetylene with hydrogen bromide in hydrobromic acid solutions of mercuric bromide, under continuous-flow stationary conditions. By varying reagent ratio, contact time, and mercuric bromide concentration, the authors determine that the reaction …
The study examines the primary mechanism of thermal decomposition of chloroform and deuterochloroform, considering whether decomposition proceeds by radical cleavage or by molecular elimination of hydrogen chloride with formation of dichlorocarbene-like species. Experiments in a jet vacuum apparatus…
This study examines the kinetics of thermal decomposition and accompanying structural changes in fossil coals, comparing vitrinitized Donets coals of different metamorphic rank with Estonian combustible shale and Olenek boghead coal. Decomposition was measured by mass loss in a nitrogen stream under…
This study reexamines whether allyl aryl sulfides undergo a Claisen rearrangement analogous to that of allyl aryl ethers. Allyl phenyl, allyl ortho-tolyl, and allyl para-tolyl sulfides were heated under nitrogen, and the products were characterized by distillation, elemental analysis, oxidation to s…
This paper examines the mechanism of catalytic hydrogen oxidation on metallic palladium, focusing on whether hydrogen atoms participate directly in the surface reaction. The authors derive relationships between equilibrium and steady-state surface concentrations of adsorbed hydrogen for radical, mol…
This study examines the kinetics of physical adsorption of ethylene from mixtures with hydrogen, nitrogen, methane, and argon on industrial AG-2 activated carbon, motivated by adsorption separation of dilute hydrocarbon gases. A differential experimental method and special low-dead-volume adsorption…
This study examines how the chemical structure of carbo- and heterocyclic organic compounds affects their scintillation activity when incorporated into polystyrene plastics. Sixty substituted anthracenes, polyphenyls, aryl dienes, oxazole and oxadiazole derivatives, and related heterocycles were pol…
This study examines the catalytic polymerization of isobutylene using monofluorophosphoric acid, difluorophosphoric acid, and molecular compounds of fluorophosphoric or orthophosphoric acids with boron fluoride. Experiments varied catalyst composition, support material, temperature, and operating du…
This study examines partial passivation during cathodic reduction of chromic acid on carbon electrodes, a phenomenon relevant to stepped discharge behavior in chromic acid cells. Using potential-time measurements on rotating carbon electrodes, the authors evaluate the effects of bichromate and hydro…
This study examines why five-membered oxygen-containing heterocycles and carbohydrate rings are often more reactive than corresponding six-membered compounds, using enthalpy of cyclization as a thermodynamic indicator. Heats of combustion were measured calorimetrically for tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydr…
This study examines isotopic exchange between symmetrical aromatic organomercury compounds and metallic mercury labeled with Hg-203 as a model for reactions of organomercury compounds with metals. The authors measured exchange rates in organic solvents under controlled stirring and temperature, isol…
This paper investigates the synthesis and optical properties of di- and tetramethinemerocyanine dyes bearing electron-donating substituents in the alpha position of the polymethine chain. The authors prepare alkoxy-substituted merocyanines from ethoxyethylidenerhodanine derivatives and heterocyclic …
This study examines the mechanism by which 2-mercaptobenzothiazole accelerates sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber and sodium-butadiene rubber. Using 2-mercaptobenzothiazole labeled with sulfur-35 in the thiazole ring, the authors measured accelerator attachment radiometrically in parallel with s…
