SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper investigates the preparation of primary alcohols from alpha olefins through organoaluminum intermediates, using 2-methylpentene-1 and 2-ethylhexene-1 as principal examples. The olefins were converted to higher aluminum trialkyls by reaction with activated aluminum and hydrogen, then oxidi…
This paper examines semiconductor catalysis under conditions of intrinsic conductivity, contrasting it with earlier treatments focused on impurity semiconductors. The authors argue that in this regime catalytic activity should depend less on impurities and sample history, and more on intrinsic elect…
The study investigates the reduction of nickel ferrite by graphite in vacuum, with attention to the crystal-chemical transformations that distinguish ferrites from simpler metal oxides. Nickel ferrite prepared by sintering was reduced at high temperature with excess graphite, while mass loss, carbon…
The paper addresses the need for standard cyclopentane hydrocarbons for studying ligroin and kerosene fractions, focusing on 1,2-dialkylcyclopentanes of compositions C10H20 to C13H26. The authors synthesized 1-ethyl-2-n-propylcyclopentane, 1-ethyl-2-n-butylcyclopentane, and 1,2-di-n-butylcyclopentan…
This paper derives a rate expression for collision induced thermal decomposition of diatomic molecules without assuming that vibrational quanta remain approximately constant up to the dissociation limit. The author formulates master equations for transitions between vibrational levels, uses detailed…
This study examines the reactions of isoamylboron dichloride with ammonia and several amines as alkyl analogues of previously studied phenylboron dichloride chemistry. Isoamylboron dichloride was prepared from esters of isoamylboronic acid and phosphorus pentachloride, then treated under nitrogen wi…
This study examines the reduction of normal monoolefinic hydrocarbons by sodium in liquid ammonia using tert-butyl alcohol as a weaker proton donor than methanol or ethanol. A series of alpha, beta, and gamma monoolefins was reduced under controlled conditions, and reaction progress was assessed fro…
This paper addresses the limited systematic data available on alkylindanes, hydrocarbons considered relevant to the composition of middle petroleum fractions. Indane, prepared by hydrogenation of indene, was alkylated with propylene, 1-butylene, and trimethylethylene using aluminum chloride or boron…
This study investigates oxalate and carbonate complex formation by plutonium(IV) in aqueous solution using solubility measurements, supplemented by radiometric determination of plutonium and absorption spectroscopy for carbonate solutions. Solubility data for plutonium(IV) oxalate in ammonium oxalat…
This paper reports electromotive-force measurements used to determine thermodynamic properties of solid Cu-Ni solutions and the activity of iron in Fe-Co alloys. For Cu-Ni alloys, the authors measured cell potentials over 620 to 750°C, derived copper activity, partial heat content, and entropy of mi…
This study examines the kinetics of Donets coal oxidation in aqueous nitric acid, with attention to latent periods, gas evolution, and the suitability of nitric acid for comparing coal oxidizability. Experiments measuring evolved gas show that rapid oxidation begins only after accumulation of small …
Dipole moments were measured for a series of hemioxanines derived from 3-ethylrhodanine and indandione-1,3 with varying extracyclic nitrogen substituents and polymethine chain lengths. Using the heterodyne method in benzene at 25 degrees, the study compares total and electronic polarizations with ab…
This study examines the kinetics of supersaturation in aqueous calcium oxide suspensions as a factor in hydration hardening. Using conductometric measurements under controlled temperature and nitrogen atmosphere, the authors analyze the effects of stirring rate, calcium oxide charge, and surface-act…
This study examines how small additions of benzoic acid affect the kinetics of aniline acylation by benzoyl chloride and benzoic anhydride in benzene, with comparison to the deactivating effect of hydrochloric acid salt formation. Kinetic measurements show that benzoic acid increases the reaction ra…
This study determines the gas-phase molecular structures of beryllium fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide, for which geometrical parameters were previously unavailable. Electron diffraction patterns were recorded for purified, degassed halide vapors and interpreted using radial distribution anal…
The paper addresses the negative temperature coefficient observed in hydrocarbon oxidation, where reaction rates pass through a maximum and then decrease before rising again at higher temperatures. Using Semenov’s theory of degenerate branching, it proposes a qualitative and simplified kinetic expla…
Ammonia vapor adsorption on graphitized channel soot was studied at minus 36.3 degrees C to compare its behavior with the known anomalous adsorption of water vapor on carbon adsorbents. Volumetric measurements on soot calcined in hydrogen at 1700 degrees C showed a completely reversible, initially c…
This paper examines the mechanism by which gamma irradiation produces crosslinks in polymer chains, arguing that simple recombination of independently diffusing polymer radicals or radical addition to double bonds cannot account for the observed constant, intensity-proportional crosslinking rate. Th…
This study examines the chlorination of polypropylenes prepared with two aluminum alkyl, titanium chloride catalytic systems differing in amorphous and isotactic content. Chlorination in chlorobenzene, with and without radical initiators, was followed as a function of chlorine content, and the produ…
This study examines the polarographic behavior of trivalent antimony in sodium fluoride solutions across pH 1 to 14 in order to identify the complex forms produced. Using half-wave potential measurements at constant fluoride concentration and at constant pH, the authors relate potential shifts to fl…
This study examines phase transformations in the sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate system using differential thermal, X-ray, and crystal-optical phase analysis on the same melt samples under varying storage conditions. It shows that high-temperature solid solutions formed from the melt undergo pol…
This study examines the role and exchangeability of oxygen in selected hydrated niobates and tantalates, a question connected with competing structural formulas for these salts and the nature of oxygen bonding in their anions. Sodium pentatantalate, sodium hexatantalate, potassium hexaniobate, and p…
This study examines whether water participates directly as an oxidation substrate during dye photoreduction on semiconductor surfaces. Methylene blue suspensions with zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and cadmium sulfide were irradiated under controlled conditions, and hydroxyl radical formation was inf…
This communication describes the synthesis of previously undescribed polyorganosiloxanoalumoxanes and polyorganosiloxanotitanoxanes, polymers whose inorganic main chains contain aluminum or titanium and oxygen atoms edged with trialkylsiloxane groups. The authors prepared nonaethylalumoxytrisiloxane…
This paper examines the irreversible monotropic transformation of natural alpha-spodumene to the high-temperature beta modification, with attention to factors affecting the observed transition temperature. Using thermal analysis of three purified spodumene samples of differing composition, the autho…
This study examines the mechanism of C-alkylation of resorcinol and phloroglucinol by N-trimethyl-alpha-phenethylammonium iodide. Alkylations with optically active ammonium salt at 155 to 175 degrees gave alpha-phenethylphenols, or oxidation products derived from them, that were optically inactive, …
This study examines the stability of calcium hydrosulfoaluminate formed during Portland cement hardening, a question on which earlier reports gave limited and conflicting results. The authors prepared the compound in cement stone with added gypsum, from solid tricalcium aluminate and hemihydrate gyp…
The paper investigates the use of vinylmagnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran as a route to vinyl alcohols and dienones useful as intermediates in steroid synthesis. The authors show that 6-methoxytetralone reacts smoothly to give 1-vinyl-6-methoxytetralol-1 in high yield, which can be dehydrated to 1…
This paper examines whether the liquid phase oxidizability of hydrocarbons with 7 to 10 carbon atoms correlates with the strength and position of the weakest C,H bonds in their molecules. It compares published and authorial oxidation data for normal paraffins, isoparaffins, benzene, and toluene with…
This paper examines the mechanism of the negative difference effect during anodic dissolution of magnesium, focusing on whether enhanced hydrogen evolution arises from anodic self-dissolution due to surface activation or from chemical oxidation of monovalent magnesium formed in the electrochemical s…
This paper examines the reactivity of dialkylphosphorous acids toward carboxylic acid derivatives, focusing on thiourea after earlier observations that ordinary acids, amides, and esters did not react under condensation conditions. The study describes heating reactions of several dialkylphosphorous …
This paper formulates conditions for the formation of solid solutions in organic molecular crystals, based on the weak directionality of intermolecular forces and the resulting importance of close packing. It argues that substitutional solid solutions require molecular similarity in shape and size, …
This paper examines why heats of dilution of strong electrolyte solutions deviate from the Debye-Hückel limiting law in the Debye concentration region. Integral heats of solution for alkali chlorides in hydrogen peroxide at 0 degrees C are measured calorimetrically and compared with aqueous and nona…
This paper investigates catalytic systems formed from ether-free magnesium haloalkyls and titanium tetrachloride as initiators for the polymerization of ethylene, propylene, styrene, and isoprene. The authors describe preparation of organomagnesium dispersions in paraffin and show that removal of et…
This study examines the thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose under high vacuum and in closed or quasi-constant-pressure systems, with separate measurement of condensable gases, difficultly condensable gases, and specimen weight loss. Experiments at 135 to 160 °C show that condensable products for…
This study examines Friedel-Crafts alkylation of ferrocene to prepare homologs containing tertiary alkyl substituents, extending earlier work on monoalkyl and dialkyl ferrocenes. The authors report syntheses of tert-butylferrocene, di-tert-butylferrocene, tert-amylferrocene, and di-tert-amylferrocen…
This paper examines whether carbon black participates chemically, rather than only physically, in rubber vulcanization through interaction with sulfur and accelerators. Using radioactive sulfur, prolonged benzene extraction, viscosity measurements of rubber solutions, and tests on rubber compounds p…
This study examines whether aliphatic organolithium compounds form associated species in hydrocarbon solution, analogous to previously reported auto-complexes of aryl and benzyl lithium compounds in ether. Ethyllithium and butyllithium were synthesized in benzene or cyclohexane under nitrogen, purif…
This study investigates nitric oxide formation during strong adiabatic compression of nitrogen oxygen mixtures containing methane, hydrogen, or carbon monoxide, using added fuel combustion to raise the reaction temperature beyond that attainable by compressing air alone. Experiments in a single stro…
This study examines isotopic exchange between several organomercury salts and metallic mercury labeled with Hg-203, with emphasis on alpha-mercurated oxo compounds. Reactions were conducted under standardized heterogeneous conditions in benzene or dioxane, and exchange was measured by isolating and …
This paper examines how dissolved gases, especially oxygen, affect the flotation of the nonsulfide minerals fluorite and barite, and relates these effects to differences in crystal structure and surface fields. Flotation experiments on purified mineral fractions under controlled oxygen, nitrogen, an…
This study examines how polymerization conditions affect the microstructure and spatial configuration of polyisoprene molecular chains, comparing catalytically polymerized SKI rubbers with emulsion polyisoprenes produced by free radical polymerization. Infrared absorption spectra in the 800 to 1000 …
This study examines the vapor phase hydrogenolysis of alpha-methyl-alpha-prime-ethylfuran on platinized carbon, addressing how two alkyl substituents of different chain length influence cleavage of furan C, O bonds. The substrate was synthesized from sylvan through acetylation, hydrazone formation, …
This paper describes a preparative conversion of gamma-bromo-delta-keto acids into butyrolactones acylated at position 5 using saturated aqueous sodium acetate under cold conditions. The method was applied to several aliphatic and cyclic substrates, affording 5-acetylbutyrolactone, 5-acetyl-5-methyl…
This paper reports the synthesis of salts of 4-alkyl-1-azadehydroquinolizinium, an aza analog of the dehydroquinolizinium system whose chemistry had been little studied. The authors condense alpha-aminopyridine with beta-ketoacetals to form 2-acylacetylaminopyridines, then cyclize aliphatic derivati…
This paper describes a synthetic route from 2,4-dimethylpentadiene-1,3 to paraffinic hydrocarbons containing two quaternary carbon atoms separated by a methylene group, termed ditertiaryalkylmethanes. The method proceeds through hydrochlorination of the diene, reaction with alkylmagnesium bromides t…
This paper examines the alkylation of benzene with ethylene at room temperature using molecular compounds of orthophosphoric, monofluorophosphoric, and difluorophosphoric acids with boron fluoride as catalysts. The authors describe batch experiments measuring ethylene conversion and alkylate composi…
This paper examines allene, acetylene isomeric transformations in organosilicon compounds, extending Favorskii-type rearrangements to systems in which the unsaturated group is separated from silicon by carbon atoms. The authors synthesize beta, gamma-organosilicon allenic hydrocarbons by condensing …
This study examines the crystallographic and crystal optical properties of acid sulfates of monovalent thallium formed from thallium sulfate in sulfuric acid solutions. Using immersion refractometry, goniometric measurements, and optical microscopy, the authors characterize Tl3H(SO4)2, TlHSO4, and T…
The study constructs the phase diagram of the previously unexamined RbF and BeF2 system as a fluoride model for comparison with BaO and SiO2. Using differential thermal analysis, X-ray phase analysis, and crystal optical examination of synthesized rubidium fluoroberyllates, the work identifies three…
