SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This study examines the alkylation of diphenyl with pseudobutylene in the presence of a boron fluoride, phosphoric acid catalyst over 50 to 100 degrees, with and without carbon tetrachloride solvent. By varying reagent ratios, catalyst loading, temperature, and olefin feed rate, the authors determin…
This paper reports a method for synthesizing cyclobutane hydrocarbons by decomposing tetrahydropyridazines, extending the Kishner-type transformation beyond its established use in cyclopropane formation. Tetrahydropyridazines prepared from diene and diethyl azodicarboxylate adducts were heated with …
This paper examines how rotation of methoxyl, hydroxyl, amino, and dimethylamino groups relative to the benzene ring affects conjugation in para-nitro aromatic compounds, especially under steric hindrance from ortho chlorine substituents. The authors compare Raman nitro-group frequencies and intensi…
This paper presents a microanalytical method for simultaneous determination of fluorine and nitrogen in organic fluorine compounds from a single 3 to 8 mg sample. The procedure adapts the Dumas nitrogen determination by carrying out pyrolytic combustion at 900 to 950°C in carbon dioxide with nickel …
This paper develops a theoretical expression for the diffusion coefficient in liquids based on a molecular picture in which only molecules with sufficient kinetic energy and an available neighboring free space can participate in diffusion. Starting from a prior theory of liquid viscosity, the author…
This paper reports the preparation and characterization of new carbon-substituted glucose derivatives bearing anisyl substituents. Using organomagnesium synthesis, the authors obtained o-anisyltetraacetylglucose and converted it into nitro and bromo derivatives, with structural assignments supported…
This paper investigates the formation of double chlorides of cerium-group rare-earth elements with trimethylamine chloride, extending earlier studies of rare-earth double salts with organic base salts. Lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium chlorides were reacted with trimethylamine chloride…
This paper investigates proton affinities of hydrogen and saturated hydrocarbons using an ion-impact mass-spectrometric method based on the detection or absence of secondary ion, molecule reactions. Experiments on formation of hydrogen and onium ions, combined with thermochemical data for dissociati…
This paper examines regularities in the relationship between polymer chain structure and melting temperature across homologous series of heterochain polymers, including polyamides, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyesters, and polyanhydrides. Using the heterochain characteristic, defined as the ratio of…
This paper examines the introduction of oxygenated side chains into ortho-methylcyclohexanone derivatives, a transformation relevant to approaches toward corticosteroid synthesis. The authors prepare cis and trans 2-methyl-1-ethynylcyclohexanols and their acetates, convert them through bromination, …
This study examines whether hydrogen from the gas phase can be incorporated into solid polymer molecules during irradiation, using deuterium as a tracer. Samples of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, divinyl rubber, and polymethyl methacrylate were sealed with gaseous deuterium and irradiated…
This study examines whether selective catalytic dehydrogenation can be used to characterize saturated high-molecular-weight petroleum hydrocarbons containing cycloparaffin structures. Synthetic C20 to C32 hydrocarbons with cyclohexane, decalin, cyclopentane, and normal paraffinic structures were deh…
This paper examines the nature of anion hydration in aqueous electrolyte solutions, arguing that the interaction between anions and nearby water molecules is closely related to hydrogen bonding in pure water rather than to the distinct cation hydration mechanism. To test this view, infrared absorpti…
This paper analyzes how chain branching and chain termination affect stationary one-dimensional chain-thermal flame propagation in a decomposition reaction with active centers. A simplified kinetic scheme is combined with heat and diffusion equations to derive algebraic relations for the maximum tem…
This paper examines adsorption from ternary liquid solutions, a problem less developed than adsorption from binary mixtures, using the system acetic acid, lauric acid, and cetane on an active Volga opoka adsorbent. Adsorption isotherms were measured across a broad concentration range, with a special…
This paper examines the extension of diazonium-based arylation methods, previously used for organotin and organolead compounds, to the synthesis of aromatic germanium compounds. Aryldiazonium borofluorides were decomposed in absolute acetone in the presence of germanium tetrachloride and metal powde…
This paper examines whether adsorption potentials are enhanced near contact points of nonporous spherical colloidal particles, a question relevant to globular sorbents such as carbon blacks and silica gels. Using an integrated molecule, surface interaction potential with attraction and repulsion ter…
This study reports dipole moment measurements for a series of organosilicon compounds in benzene at 25°C using the heterodyne method, with extrapolated polarizations calculated by the Hedestrand formula. The authors emphasize that atomic polarization in silicon compounds is significant and introduce…
This paper addresses the determination of purity and crystallization temperatures of organic compounds when only very small samples are available, a limitation of the standard Rossini crystallization curve method. The authors modify the reaction vessel, thermocouple arrangement, stirring design, and…
This paper reports the preparation and characterization of several previously unknown functional derivatives of ferrocene-1,1′-dicarboxylic acid. The authors synthesize the diacid chloride, diamide, carbamido ester, carbamido acid, cyano acid, dinitrile, and a dimeric anhydride, giving reaction cond…
This study examines the catalytic alkylation of n-butane with ethylene under high-temperature, high-pressure flow conditions using alumina, treated alumina, and aluminosilicate catalysts. Product fractions were distilled, purified from unsaturated compounds by silica gel chromatography, and identifi…
The study examines low-temperature methane oxidation initiated by oxygen atoms generated through thermal decomposition of ozone, with attention to the formation of methyl hydroperoxide and formaldehyde. Experiments in a jet apparatus at atmospheric pressure measured product yields as functions of co…
This study examines how the position and chemical nature of substituents affect the fluorescence spectra of anthraquinone derivatives in frozen hydrocarbon solutions at 77 K. Comparing anthraquinone, beta-substituted derivatives, and several alpha-substituted hydroxy, chloro, and amino compounds, th…
The paper examines orientational hydration of ions in aqueous solutions, focusing on why small or multicharged ions reduce the translational mobility of nearby water molecules whereas large ions can increase it. Using an electrostatic model of the internal field in liquid water and the field produce…
This study examines how the size of alkyl substituents affects the stability of silicon carbon bonds in gamma organosilicon acids under the action of concentrated sulfuric acid. Three methyldialkylsilylpropionic acids containing n-propyl, n-butyl, or isoamyl groups were synthesized through chloromet…
This study examines the formation pathways of propylene and ethylene during the thermal cracking of isobutylene, with particular attention to whether these gaseous products arise directly from isobutylene or from intermediate liquid products. Using an isotope kinetic method, the authors added carbon…
This study examines how adsorption of volatile inhibitors affects the electrochemical behavior and passivation of iron under conditions relevant to atmospheric corrosion protection. Using stationary potential measurements in thin electrolyte films, the authors compare benzylamine and morpholine adso…
This study examines the alkylation of phenol with acetylene under elevated pressure to determine how pressure, temperature, and catalyst composition affect formation of 1,1-(4,4′-dihydroxy)-diphenylethane. Experiments were carried out in a rotating stainless-steel autoclave using phenol in aqueous m…
This study examines the synthesis and characterization of alkylated hydroperoxides in the 1,1-diphenylethane series, focusing on how para alkyl substituents in one phenyl ring and an extended alkyl group at the tertiary carbon affect autoxidation and hydroperoxide behavior. The corresponding hydroca…
This paper estimates the Coulomb contribution to the interaction between surface hydroxyl groups on silica gel and adsorbed benzene molecules, a proposed origin of the enhanced adsorption and heat of adsorption observed on hydrated silica gel. Using simplified electrostatic models for the benzene pi…
This study examines the gamma radiolysis of liquid and frozen paraffin hydrocarbons, with emphasis on purified n-heptane irradiated by cobalt-60 sources under deoxygenated conditions. Gas evolution, gas composition, physical properties of the liquid phase, spectra, distillation fractions, sulfonatio…
This study examines the mechanism of internal diffusion during adsorption in porous activated carbon, focusing on the relative roles of gas-phase diffusion and surface migration. The authors use X-ray radioscopy to follow the advance of an ethyl bromide adsorption front in a single carbon grain, com…
This study examines the effect of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on several brown and hard coals in aqueous media and in carbon tetrachloride, with emphasis on transferring germanium from coal into the liquid phase. Coal samples were irradiated at specified integral doses, then the liquid and solid pha…
This paper considers the temperature dependence of ionic coordination numbers in dilute aqueous electrolyte solutions, defining an ion’s coordination number as the average number of water molecules in its immediate environment. It models coordination as a dynamic equilibrium between activated jumps …
This paper investigates the relation between molecular coplanarity, steric hindrance, and color in 1,4-diarylaminoanthraquinone dyes. X-ray measurements were carried out on crystals of 1,4-dianilidoanthraquinone and 1,4-dimesididoanthraquinone to determine unit-cell parameters, space groups, densiti…
This study examines gamma radiolysis of liquid normal heptane and of a dilute dibenzyl sulfide solution in heptane, with emphasis on early-stage kinetics, the effect of interrupting irradiation, and gas composition over a wide dose range. Using X-ray and cobalt-60 irradiation, pressure recording, do…
This study examines how ion transference numbers change in liquid suspensoid diaphragms and how these changes relate to the suspension effect, measured as differences in hydrogen ion activity between suspensions and their separated liquids. Bentonite and size-classified quartz suspensions in potassi…
This paper examines the dehydration and rehydration of quartz surfaces, addressing discrepancies between crystal-chemical estimates of surface hydroxyl concentrations and values inferred from thermal dehydration. Vacuum calcination experiments on opaque quartz and rock crystal, combined with quantit…
This paper reports preliminary studies on substitution at the methylene group of β-ketoacetals, a reaction mode proposed to broaden their synthetic use beyond carbonyl condensations and transformations typical of β-dicarbonyl compounds. Bromination, dehydrobromination, oxidation with lead tetraaceta…
This paper reports a route for preparing hexachlorobutadiene-1,3 from diacetylene, addressing the lack of published data on diacetylene chlorination. Diacetylene was chlorinated in carbon tetrachloride at low temperature to give liquid and crystalline isomers of 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachlorobutene-2, which…
This study investigates the conditions under which organic dyes can optically sensitize the internal photoeffect in powdered silver bromide and thallium bromide, a question left unclear by earlier contradictory results. Using the capacitor method to measure spectral photo-emf in dyed and undyed brom…
This paper examines how tetravalent titanium ions affect the passivation, electrode potential, and corrosion rate of titanium in sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions. The authors relate titanium’s corrosion resistance to a protective titanium dioxide surface film and test whether adding Ti4+ shi…
This study examines the synthesis of organosilicon olefin oxides from chlorohydrins obtained by reacting silicon-containing Grignard reagents with monochloroacetone. The authors show that this reaction proceeds selectively to give several tertiary-primary chlorohydrins, which can be converted to bet…
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of several trichlorotitanium alkoxy compounds of the type TiCl3OR containing secondary or tertiary alkyl groups, motivated by interest in organotitanium species related to olefin polymerization catalysts. Isopropyl, sec-butyl, and cyclohexyl deri…
This study examines reactions of β-cyanovinyl ketones with secondary amines, focusing on how aryl and aliphatic substrates differ in their behavior toward nucleophilic addition and substitution. Aryl-β-cyanovinyl ketones are shown to add diethylamine, piperidine, and morpholine at the double bond to…
This paper investigates the use of infrared absorption spectroscopy to identify structural features of oxybenzylamines, proposed intermediates in the curing of phenol formaldehyde resins with hexamethylenetetramine. Spectra were obtained for model dibenzylamine and tribenzylamine compounds, low mole…
This paper examines anomalous intermolecular hydrogen distances in normal paraffin crystals, using temperature-dependent subcell parameters of n-C30H62 to distinguish thermal effects from features of molecular packing. The authors extrapolate measured rhombic subcell dimensions to low temperature an…
This paper addresses the quantitative analysis of complex C5 hydrocarbon mixtures formed in isopentane dehydrogenation and present in light gasoline fractions, where conventional physical and chemical analyses are laborious. The authors develop a rapid chromatographic procedure combining chromatothe…
This study examines sulfuric acid catalyzed alkylation of toluene with C10 olefins obtained from polymerized pentane amylene fractions, motivated by the need to consider alternatives to benzene for alkylarylsulfonate detergent intermediates. Laboratory experiments varied acid concentration, temperat…
