SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper proposes structural models for polynuclear uranium, oxygen complexes formed by hydrolysis of uranyl salts in aqueous solution, especially the doubly charged cations U2O5 and U3O8 and related anionic uranate complexes. Using prior evidence on uranyl coordination, hydrolysis equilibria, sol…
The study examines the extension of the diazoaliphatic method to aluminum halides for preparing previously undescribed halomethyl derivatives of aluminum. Diazomethane was reacted with anhydrous aluminum fluoride, chloride, and bromide under nitrogen in ether at low temperature, and the products wer…
This paper examines the catalytic cracking of several unsymmetrical diarylethanes as a route to vinylaromatic compounds. 1,1-(4,4′-diethyl)-diphenylethane, 1,1-(3,3′,4,4′-tetramethyl)-diphenylethane, and 1,1-di-(2-naphthyl)-ethane were cracked over an aluminosilicate catalyst at about 550°C in the p…
This study investigates the sublimation of germanium dioxide by mass spectrometry, motivated by the importance of germanium surface oxides for semiconductor properties and by limited thermodynamic data. Using MS-1 and MS-4 instruments with electron-impact ionization, the authors measured mass spectr…
This study uses electron paramagnetic resonance to examine free radicals formed in several polymers irradiated at 77 K, including polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, Teflon, polysiloxane, methacrylates, polystyrene, polyisobutylene, and natural rubber. Comparison of spectra before and after thawing su…
This study examines how small amounts of electronegative additives, especially sulfur and chlorine species, affect the catalytic oxidation of ethylene over silver at 218°C. Using flow-circulation kinetic measurements and sulfur-35 labeling, the authors measured catalyst activity, selectivity toward …
This study examines how thermal dehydration of macroporous KSK-2 silica gel affects adsorption of benzene and hexane vapors. Silica gel samples were calcined in vacuum at 200 to 1020 degrees, with water evolution, surface area, pore volume, hydroxyl concentration, and vapor adsorption isotherms meas…
This paper investigates a method for preparing graft copolymers of polyamides with vinyl monomers while avoiding the simultaneous formation of block copolymers. Polycaprolactam and the copolyamide Anid G-669 were ozonized for varying times and then treated with styrene or methyl methacrylate, follow…
This study examines how the alpha and beta crystalline modifications of lead dioxide form and how they differ electrochemically in sulfuric acid media. Using radiochemical adsorption measurements, X-ray diffraction, and overvoltage and discharge curves, the authors compare PbO2 deposits prepared fro…
This study examines metallic rhenium on activated carbon as a catalyst for dehydrogenation reactions, motivated by predictions from the multiplet theory of catalysis. Rhenium catalysts prepared by impregnation with ammonium perrhenate or a rhenium oxide dioxane complex were tested with cyclohexane h…
This study examines the catalytic copolymerization of isoprene and divinyl in hexane using butyllithium, with copolymer composition determined by a carbon-14 tracer method applied to labeled isoprene. Experiments at varying initial monomer ratios and conversions were analyzed with the integral Mayo-…
This paper examines deviations from Raoult’s law in binary solutions where the components undergo chemical interaction to form a compound. It argues that such interactions need not produce only negative deviations, and shows mathematically that when a nonvolatile product with stoichiometry AmBn is f…
This paper investigates room temperature curing of liquid and rubber-like polydimethylsiloxanes, a process previously limited by the need for prolonged heating at high temperatures. The authors study crosslinking through reactions between hydroxyl-terminated polymers and polyfunctional organosilicon…
This study examines the conditions under which hexavalent uranium precipitates as uranyl hydroxide from aqueous perchlorate solutions, a problem relevant to uranium ore genesis and hydrogeochemical prospecting. Using potentiometric titration with sodium hydroxide under carbonate-free, oxygen-free co…
This study examines the catalytic dehydrogenation of isopentenes to isoprene as a route to synthetic rubber feedstocks from petroleum-derived hydrocarbons. Using a flow reactor, the authors varied temperature, isopentene space velocity, and steam dilution, and analyzed liquid and gaseous products to…
This study develops synthetic routes to para ring substituted silicon containing styrenes, a class for which earlier reports gave limited preparative and property data. The authors prepared secondary and tertiary alcohol intermediates by Grignard reactions of brominated trialkylsilylphenyl, trialkyl…
This study examines the adsorption of isopropyl alcohol on coprecipitated iron oxide, aluminum oxide ferroalumogel catalysts, a system in which both dehydration and dehydrogenation reactions can occur. Using vacuum adsorption measurements at 30 °C on samples calcined at 400 and 600 °C, with surface …
This paper examines the use of organozinc reagents as an alternative to Grignard reagents for synthesizing carbon carbon derivatives of carbohydrates from acetohalogenoses. The authors reacted acetochloroglucose and acetochloroarabinose with phenylzinc chloride, p-anisylzinc chloride, and diphenylzi…
This study examines the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of m-sulfobenzyl alcohol and m-sulfobenzaldehyde by active chlorine in aqueous solution, using these sulfonated aromatic substrates to isolate alcohol and aldehyde group oxidation from complicating side reactions. Rate measurements at 30 de…
This study investigates the polymorphism of zirconium dioxide in thin films by transmission electron diffraction, addressing conflicting reports on bulk ZrO2 transformations and uncertainty about oxide films formed on zirconium during corrosion. Thin zirconium films prepared by vacuum evaporation we…
This study addresses the limited reliable data on stereoisomeric dialkylcyclohexanes, focusing on whether 1-methyl-2-n-alkylcyclohexanes show exceptions to the Auwers-Skita rule observed in some related systems. The authors synthesized 1-methyl-2-n-propyl-, 1-methyl-2-n-hexyl-, and 1-methyl-2-n-hept…
This study examines the radiation initiated oxidation of benzene to phenol in aqueous systems and the role of water in promoting a branched chain reaction mechanism. Using cobalt 60 irradiation in an autoclave at elevated oxygen pressure and temperatures from 20 to 220°C, the authors measured phenol…
This study examines hydrosilylation reactions of dialkyl and phenyl-substituted silanes containing Si-H bonds with terminal olefins, specifically octene-1, nonene-1, and decene-1. The authors carried out reactions mainly in sealed ampoules at 160 to 180°C using platinized carbon as catalyst, with se…
This paper examines how nonstationary kinetics in the initial stage affect the stimulation of liquid-phase oxidation reactions proceeding by degenerately branched chain mechanisms with quadratic chain termination. The authors formulate differential equations for radical and hydroperoxide accumulatio…
This study examines the electrochemical behavior and corrosion of titanium in sulfuric acid solutions over a wide concentration and temperature range. Corrosion measurements, electrode potential observations, polarization curves, and optical measurements of surface film thickness are used to relate …
This paper investigates whether the protective action of paint and varnish coatings against metal corrosion is determined solely by their permeability to aggressive substances. Using an electrochemical method with constant current and high applied voltage, the authors supplied equivalent amounts of …
This study examines the thermal transformation of phenol at 490 degrees under high hydrogen pressures in a stainless steel reactor, with product separation by rectification and identification of liquid, high boiling, and gaseous products. The experiments show that phenol conversion and benzene forma…
This paper examines the mechanism of anodic formation of dichromic acid during electrolysis of concentrated sodium dichromate solutions in a diaphragm cell with a lead dioxide anode. On the basis of electrode equilibria, anodic polarization data, and current efficiency trends, it argues that water o…
This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of previously unknown tris(triorganosilyl)vanadates containing V, O, Si linkages, a class of organosilicon derivatives of orthovanadic acid. Four preparative routes are examined: reaction of triorganosilanols with vanadium pentoxide with azeotr…
This study examines whether irreversible adsorption of optical sensitizing dyes on silver bromide can be used to produce a single photographic emulsion layer with independent spectral sensitization regions. Two portions of an iodide bromide silver positive emulsion were separately sensitized to red …
This study examines the SnTe, GeTe section of the ternary Sn, Ge, Te system, focusing on phase relations and property changes between two semiconductor compounds with metallic characteristics and different room-temperature structures. Alloys were prepared in evacuated quartz ampoules and investigate…
This paper examines why the classical autocatalysis equation often fails to describe isothermal thermal decomposition of condensed explosives in the liquid phase. The authors develop formal kinetic expressions that account for shrinkage of the reacting liquid volume as gaseous products are removed, …
The paper investigates the hydrolysis kinetics of boron trifluoride coordination compounds with amines, emphasizing how the nature of the coordinated base changes both rate and mechanism. Using titrimetric determination of unhydrolyzed complexes, the study measures first-order hydrolysis of ammonia …
This study examines graft copolymerization between vinyl chloride and butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid copolymers, including both grafting of vinyl chloride onto a methacrylate latex and the reverse grafting of methacrylate monomers onto polyvinyl chloride latex. The authors synthesize the copol…
This paper examines irreversible catalytic hydrogen waves in polarography using quinine at a mercury dropping electrode as the principal catalyst. From polarographic measurements in buffered solutions, the lower portions of the quinine waves are shown to follow the equation for ordinary irreversible…
This paper examines new variants of the Arbuzov rearrangement involving the reaction of trialkyl phosphites with diacetyl as a pi conjugated diketone system. The study proposes a mechanistic scheme in which nucleophilic phosphorus attack is followed by formation of a cyclic intermediate, subsequent …
The paper examines how concentration affects rheological constants in aluminum naphthenate oleogels in decalin, focusing on the lower structural strength limit and the corresponding critical velocity gradient. Using elastoviscosimetric measurements under constant shear stress and constant cylinder r…
This paper examines Friedel-Crafts type condensation reactions of toluene and p-xylene with acetic acid esters of gamma-acetylenic glycols in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride, in the context of earlier structural revisions for products formed from benzene and butynediol derivatives. The a…
This study examines why nitro-substituted carbonyl compounds had previously failed in the Reformatsky reaction and tests a modified procedure for nitrobenzaldehydes. The authors argue that, unlike in Grignard reactions where nitro-group reduction is the main obstacle, nitro compounds inhibit formati…
This paper investigates the orientation of dynamic birefringence in flowing polymer solutions, focusing on polystyrene fractions in dioxane where intrinsic anisotropy and shape anisotropy can contribute with opposite signs. Using optical measurements in a rotating flow apparatus, the study records h…
This paper examines the alkylation of phenol with diisobutylene and triisobutylene using boron fluoride containing catalysts, including boron fluoride ethyl etherate, boron fluoride saturated orthophosphoric acid, and boron fluoride monohydrate. The authors varied catalyst type and amount, temperatu…
The study examines whether catalytic demethylation by water vapor, previously observed for other compound classes, also occurs in thiophene derivatives. Vapors of 2-methylthiophene and water were passed over Ni/Al2O3 and Co/Al2O3 catalysts at 200 to 425°C with varied water to substrate ratios, and l…
This study examines how alumina content affects the hydration and adsorption properties of synthetic aluminosilicate catalysts in comparison with silica gel. Samples containing 15, 30, and 50 percent alumina were thermally treated, characterized by BET nitrogen adsorption, and tested for water and m…
This paper describes a catalytic method for preparing radiocarbon-labeled unsaturated C4 hydrocarbons from C14-labeled ethyl alcohol, motivated by the difficulty and isotope losses associated with conventional multistep syntheses of labeled compounds. Using Lebedev divinyl synthesis over standard an…
This paper describes a method for preparing oxyalkylphosphinic acids by applying oxidative phosphorylation with phosphorus trichloride and oxygen to boric acid esters derived from several alcohols. The authors show that the reaction requires strong cooling to suppress oxidation of phosphorus trichlo…
This study examines how cetylpyridinium bromide affects the redox initiation of styrene emulsion polymerization with isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide. Using dilatometric kinetic measurements over a range of temperatures and with or without sodium carbonate, the authors compare polymerization rates and…
This study investigates layer-spiral evaporation of crystal surfaces, focusing on how growth spirals associated with screw dislocations transform when a crystal passes from growth to weak evaporation. Using direct observation and time-lapse microcinematography at high magnification, the author follo…
This paper proposes a practical modification of a molecular orbital method for estimating nuclear magnetic shielding constants in molecules, with particular attention to the paramagnetic term in Ramsey’s formulation. The approach assumes local Larmor precession of electrons in atomic orbitals under …
This study examines the addition of mono- and polynitroalkanes to benzalacetone, with attention to how the number and position of nitro groups affect reactivity. Using ethoxytrimethylphenylammonium as a basic catalyst where needed, the authors prepared and characterized addition products from nitroe…
This paper proposes a molecular orbital method for calculating nuclear magnetic shielding constants relevant to nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts. Unlike perturbative approaches requiring excited-state wave functions, or variational approaches requiring highly accurate ground-state derivati…
