SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
The study examines vapor-phase reactions of methane and propane with nitrogen dioxide under varying mixture compositions, initial pressures, and temperatures. Using a vacuum apparatus with photocolorimetric recording of nitrogen dioxide consumption and manometric recording of pressure changes, the a…
This study examines the products formed when alpha-pinene oxide and delta-3-carene oxide react with acetic anhydride, with emphasis on determining the structures of previously unresolved acetates of composition C12H18O2. The authors use fractional distillation, saponification, oxidation, derivative …
This study examines whether addition products of aromatic amines with zinc halides adopt octahedral structures predicted by some covalent bonding arguments or retain the tetrahedral coordination known for zinc diammines. The authors prepared zinc chloride di-p-toluidine and investigated its crystal …
This study examines the qualitative and quantitative composition of normal paraffin hydrocarbons in the 175 to 300°C kerosene fraction of Aktash crude oil from the Romashkino field. After dehydration, desalting, vacuum distillation, removal of aromatic and sulfur compounds, urea complexation, sulfur…
This study examines the specific, super-equivalent adsorption of cesium ions at the surface of a mercury electrode, minimizing complications from specifically adsorbed anions by comparing sodium and cesium fluoride solutions. Differential capacitance, potential of zero charge, and electrocapillary m…
This paper examines the alkylation of mesitylene with cyclopentene and cyclohexene to synthesize cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and corresponding dicycloalkyl substituted trimethylbenzenes. The authors compare reactions catalyzed by anhydrous aluminum chloride and concentrated sulfuric acid, and assign st…
This paper reports the direct introduction of lead into an organic molecule, termed plumbation, by reaction of thiophene with lead tetraisobutyrate. The authors use the solubility and stability of lead tetraisobutyrate to carry out the reaction at room temperature, isolate diisobutyrate of di-alpha-…
This paper describes the synthesis of previously undescribed mixed diesters of phenylimidodithiocarbonic acid as potential plant-protection agents among carbon disulfide derivatives. The compounds were prepared by alkylating alkali-metal thioether salts formed from aromatic dithiourethanes, allowing…
This paper examines why pressure markedly accelerates sterically hindered reactions, focusing on Menshutkin reactions for which a geometrical transition-state model can be specified. Using transition-state theory, the authors estimate the molecular contribution to the activation volume from the appr…
This study examines how water affects the dehydrogenation of normal primary alcohols over a mixed oxide catalyst, focusing on the adsorption displacement of alcohols by water. Flow experiments were carried out for binary mixtures of water with n-propyl, n-butyl, and n-hexyl alcohols at 300 to 360 °C…
This study examines whether higher diene hydrocarbon polymers can combine high strength and elasticity comparable to natural rubber and synthetic polyisoprene. The authors synthesized 2-methylpentadiene-1,3, 2-ethylbutadiene-1,3, and 2-isopropylbutadiene-1,3, then polymerized them mainly with metall…
The study examines the recombination kinetics of triphenylmethyl radicals in toluene, motivated by the discrepancy between the activation energy for hexaphenylethane dissociation and its heat of dissociation. Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to directly follow radical concentrations after ra…
This paper reports synthetic routes to alkyl derivatives of 1-thiaindane relevant as model semiaromatic sulfur compounds for studies of petroleum middle fractions. The authors prepare 2-methyl- and 3-methyl-1-thiaindanes by stepwise reduction of the corresponding methylthiaindene sulfones, using cat…
This communication reports the synthesis of optically active cinchonamine, an alkaloid linking quinoline cinchona alkaloids with indole alkaloids. The authors adapt a previously developed route for a pyridine analogue, beginning with ethyl 3-vinylquinuclidinecarboxylate and proceeding through conden…
This paper examines the use of frontal analysis in gas liquid chromatography for mixtures of radioactive and nonradioactive gases, addressing limitations of gas adsorption frontal analysis caused by mutual displacement and complex adsorption isotherms. The authors argue that, under low concentration…
This study examines whether the conversion of tertiary alcohols to alkyl chlorides by concentrated hydrochloric acid proceeds through sufficiently long lived carbonium ions, using deuterium exchange as a mechanistic probe. tert-Butyl alcohol was reacted with deuterium enriched hydrochloric acid, and…
This study examines whether chemical treatments can homogenize cellulose by molecular weight, a property previously linked to the strength and viscosity behavior of cellulose products. Cotton and wood cellulose samples were treated with dilute nitric or hydrochloric acid, then assessed through preci…
The paper examines the kinetics of ferrocene oxidation by iodine in alcoholic solution as a model electron-transfer reaction involving neutral molecules. A mechanism is developed in which ferrocene first transfers an electron to iodine to form ferricinium and an unstable iodine radical ion, followed…
This study examines the catalytic properties of calcium oxide as a solid base in reactions involving hydrogen elimination, focusing on isopropyl alcohol decomposition, cyclohexane dehydrogenation, and hydrazine decomposition. Calcium oxide prepared by vacuum dehydration of calcium hydroxide was test…
This study reports dipole moment measurements for four hexaalkyl derivatives of disiloxane: hexamethyl, hexaethyl, hexapropyl, and hexabutyl disiloxane. Dielectric constants, densities, and refractive indices of dilute solutions in n-hexane were measured at 25 degrees Celsius and used to calculate o…
This study investigates the CsCl, RbCl, H2O system at 25 degrees to determine the solubility limits and thermodynamic properties of CsCl, RbCl solid solutions. Equilibria between liquid and solid phases were established by isothermal removal of supersaturation with prolonged stirring, solid phases w…
This paper examines how to determine the reaction order with respect to acidity in acid-catalyzed reactions, focusing on cases where simple plots of rate constants against the Hammett acidity function may give misleading values. Using kinetic data for the decomposition of formic acid in sulfuric aci…
This study examines how substituting hydrogen with deuterium affects molecular polarizability in liquids. Dispersion of light, refractive indices, densities, and static polarizabilities were measured for twelve deuterated compounds and their hydrogen analogues, with static values obtained by extrapo…
This study examines the specific adsorption of lead, cadmium, and zinc cations on platinized platinum by measuring adsorption-induced potential shifts and changes in anodic charging curves. Experiments in acid supporting electrolytes show positive potential shifts for these cations, strongest for le…
This study examines the polymerization of isobutylene at atmospheric pressure using boron fluoride adsorbed on silica gel, with emphasis on conversion and the fractional composition of low molecular weight products. Experiments varied temperature, space velocity, catalyst boron fluoride loading, cat…
This study investigates the poorly characterized rhenium, boron system, focusing on the phase composition of sintered alloys prepared across compositions corresponding to possible rhenium borides. Pressed mixtures of high-purity rhenium and boron powders were sintered in vacuum at 1900 degrees Celsi…
This study determines formal oxidation-reduction potentials of several plutonium couples in nitric acid, where previous data were limited, and examines the disproportionation of Pu(IV). Potentials were measured at 25 degrees Celsius under nitrogen, with plutonium oxidation states determined spectrop…
The study investigates the CsF, BeF2 binary system as a fluoride model relevant to structural relationships in oxide systems. Using differential thermal analysis and X-ray phase analysis, the authors construct a phase diagram, identify four cesium fluoroberyllates, Cs3BeF5, Cs2BeF4, CsBeF3, and CsBe…
This study examines the relative reactivity of internal and external double bonds toward free radicals in solution and polymer media. Methyl radicals generated from methylphenyltriazene and dimethylcyanomethyl radicals generated from azoisobutyric acid dinitrile were reacted with hydrocarbons and po…
This study examines how sodium nitrate concentration affects nitrite formation during gamma radiolysis of strongly alkaline aqueous solutions. Using cobalt-60 irradiation, the authors measured initial sodium nitrite yields over sodium nitrate concentrations from 10^-7 to 6 M, and compared solutions …
This study measures the equilibrium potentials of titanium electrodes in molten lithium and potassium chloride eutectics containing dissolved titanium chloride, motivated by their relevance to electrolytic titanium deposition and refining. Using sealed argon cells, titanium introduced by anodic diss…
This study examines the kinetics of polyester formation by exchange decomposition between dicarboxylic acid chlorides and dihydric phenols, a comparatively little studied route to polyesters. Reactions of isophthaloyl, terephthaloyl, and sebacoyl chlorides with several phenols were carried out in di…
This study examines nitrogen adsorption at very low pressures, a range important for adsorption thermodynamics, heterogeneous surface analysis, and vacuum technology. Using volumetric measurements at 77.6 and 90.1 K on several porous and nonporous adsorbents, the work compares the applicability of c…
This paper addresses the difficult problem of locating tie-lines in two-phase regions of ternary metallic phase diagrams, where direct determination of phase compositions is often laborious. It proposes a microhardness-based geometrical method that uses the dependence of solid-solution microhardness…
This study examines how silicon additions up to 1.5 percent affect the solubility of oxygen in liquid iron and chromium melts at 1600°C. Equilibrium experiments measured oxygen concentrations after formation of an oxide phase, with additional observations for iron, chromium, and nickel-containing al…
This study examines the interaction of thiazine and acridine dyes in aqueous solution using absorption spectroscopy. Spectra of dye mixtures were compared with additive calculated curves, and mass action calculations were used to estimate bound fractions, dissociation constants, and spectra of the h…
This study examines catalytic routes to 2,3-dimethylbutadiene-1,3, a potential precursor for rubber-like polymers and preparative organic synthesis, from branched hexenes obtainable from petroleum fractions. tert-Butylethylene and tetramethylethylene were dehydrogenated over industrial butylene-to-d…
This study examines the formation of concentric zones on electrodes during electrocrystallization, extending earlier observations from lead peroxide and copper deposition to multiple metal alloys, pure metals, and copper anodic dissolution. Using a cell with a small opening or electrode facing a lar…
This paper examines the phase composition and behavior of copper catalysts in the oxidation of propylene to acrolein, addressing uncertainty over whether cupric oxide, cuprous oxide, or metallic copper is the active form. Copper oxide, cuprous oxide, and reduced copper on pumice were tested in propy…
The paper examines the stereochemical complexity of curare alkaloids, especially chondropholine, chondodendrine, and tubocurarine derivatives, in light of asymmetric centers, nitrogen substituent geometry, tetrahydroisoquinoline conformations, and macrocyclic diether arrangements. The authors descri…
This study examines the physicochemical nature of water in phosphotungstic and silicotungstic heteropoly acids, with attention to competing structural formulas and acid basicity. Using differential thermography, thermogravimetric dehydration polytherms, equilibrium composition temperature diagrams, …
This study examines how molecular structure, especially conjugation energy and substituent effects, influences the kinetics of catalytic hydrogenation. Using rhodium on alumina under mild conditions, the authors measured hydrogen uptake rates for aromatic, heteroaromatic, conjugated, and related non…
This communication reports the synthesis of new unsaturated organosilicon compounds containing methacrylic groups attached through a methylene ester substituent at silicon. Methacrylatemethylalkoxysilanes were prepared from chloromethylalkoxysilanes and potassium methacrylate, and their boiling poin…
The study examines the dehydrocyclization of n-heptane over potassium-promoted alumina-chromia catalysts, focusing on catalyst lifetime, regeneration, and the factors limiting aromatics formation. Long-duration tests at about 510 to 515°C showed that selected catalysts could operate without regenera…
This paper examines the local structure of liquid water using radial distribution functions derived from X-ray scattering data. Applying previously developed relations, the authors estimate fluctuations in the first two oxygen coordination numbers at several temperatures, as well as the correlation …
This study examines whether the probability of transition to a metastable state in phthalimide derivatives is related to the position of the fluorescence spectrum. Because direct phosphorescence yield measurements at low temperature are often prevented by crystallization or opacity of frozen solutio…
This paper reports two preparative routes to methylferrocene and compares the products obtained. Methylferrocene was synthesized by reduction of methyl ferrocenecarboxylate with lithium aluminum hydride in 83% yield and by reduction of N,N-dimethylaminomethylferrocene iodide with sodium amalgam in u…
This paper examines color polymorphism in diacyl derivatives of p-aminophenol containing nitrobenzoyl or dinitrobenzoyl electrophilic systems and, in some cases, a trimethoxybenzoyl electron-donor system. A series of compounds was synthesized and recrystallized from different solvents to compare cry…
This communication describes an apparatus and procedure for polarographic measurements with a dropping mercury electrode at pressures up to 3000 kg/cm², and reports initial tests on Tl⁺, Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺, and H⁺ in potassium chloride supporting electrolyte. The authors find that the half-wave potential an…
The paper investigates the kinetics of oxide film formation on tungsten and molybdenum over a range of oxygen pressures and temperatures using high-sensitivity vacuum quartz microbalance measurements with continuous weight recording. Experiments on specimens with different surface preparations showe…
