SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper examines how the number of pi electrons influences the sign and magnitude of the pi electron contribution to magnetic susceptibility in a class of aromatic molecules. Using the molecular orbital method and perturbation theory, it argues that molecules whose energy spectra arise from small…
This study examines how heavy halide additives affect fluorescence quenching, phosphorescence yield, and deactivation of metastable states in solid alcoholic solutions of organic luminescent compounds at low temperature. Absolute fluorescence and phosphorescence yields and phosphorescence decay rate…
This study investigates the synthesis and identification of previously little studied organoelement compounds of polonium formed through chemical changes accompanying beta decay of RaE incorporated in aromatic bismuth derivatives. Polonium daughter products accumulated in crystals of Bi(RaE)Ph3 and …
This paper examines how radiation-chemical yields in aqueous solutions depend on the concentration and reactivity of dissolved acceptors, arguing that mechanisms inferred from a single concentration can be misleading. Using an approximate track model, the author derives a concentration-dependent exp…
This paper develops a theoretical treatment of chemisorption using Bloch functions for the adsorbent crystal rather than localized crystal states, making the formulation applicable to both metals and dielectrics. The adsorbate and crystal are represented through one-electron Hamiltonians, and variat…
This study examines the origin of the blue coloration of iodine solutions in oleum, testing the proposal that it is caused by formation of iodine cations through oxidation of molecular iodine. The authors measured absorption spectra of iodine solutions in oleum with varying free sulfur trioxide cont…
A differential conductometric titration method is described for quantitative analysis of binary and three-component mixtures of trimethylchlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, and methyltrichlorosilane in nonaqueous media. The procedure converts methylchlorosilanes quantitatively to the corresponding…
This study examines how alkali metal halides affect the reduction of platinum oxide to platinum black and the subsequent adsorption of hydrogen in 50% ethanol. The authors measured hydrogen uptake and catalyst potential during reduction in the presence of potassium chloride, bromide, and iodide at v…
This study examines how the composition of mixed solvents affects the rate and selectivity of catalytic hydrogenation of 2-ethylanthraquinone, a reaction relevant to hydrogen peroxide production by the quinone method. Using skeletal nickel catalyst at 20 degrees and measuring hydrogen uptake togethe…
This paper examines the nature of secondary chemical bonds arising from delocalization of valence electrons and formation of multicenter molecular orbitals, with emphasis on organolithium compounds, related organometallic complexes, and acetylene derivatives. Using infrared spectra, dipole moment da…
This paper examines limiting diffusion currents during cathodic hydrogen evolution on a rotating platinum disk electrode in sulfuric acid solutions, where depletion of hydrogen ions near the cathode leads to a change in the electrode reaction. The authors measure electrode potentials shortly after i…
This study examines the decomposition mechanism of intermediate n-decyl hydroperoxides formed during liquid-phase oxidation of n-decane at 130 degrees. Using alpha-naphthol as an inhibitor, the authors compare hydroperoxide consumption under oxidizing and nitrogen atmospheres to distinguish nonchain…
This paper develops a procedure for estimating the electronic contribution to heats of chemical adsorption by treating adsorption as a local defect perturbing the electronic states of a crystal. Using a one-electron approximation, Green functions, and Wannier-function expansions, it derives expressi…
This paper reports the preparation and study of several fluoro- and chloro-substituted acetohydroxamic acids, including monofluoro-, fluorodichloro-, trichloro-, and trifluoroacetohydroxamic acids, obtained from corresponding haloacetate esters and hydroxylamine in alcoholic solution. The authors ex…
A practical route is described for preparing malonic acid and malonic esters using carbon suboxide as a malonylating reagent, addressing limitations of earlier carbon suboxide syntheses that relied on malonic acid derivatives or gave poor yields. The work develops noncatalytic high-temperature pyrol…
A semiempirical thermochemical method is proposed for estimating heats of formation of organic hydroperoxides, motivated by the scarcity of experimental data for compounds important in oxidation processes. The method uses bond energy relations and conjugation energies of peroxide radicals to show th…
This study determines the free energy of solvation of potassium iodide in ethanol and acetone, addressing limitations of earlier estimates based on cells with transference and the absence of data for acetone. The authors measured the electromotive force of a transference-free cell with potassium ama…
This paper examines how the electrokinetic, or zeta, potential of antimonite affects its floatability, treating flotation as adhesion between a mineral particle and an air bubble governed by the stability and rupture of the intervening wetting film. Using heterocoagulation theory, the authors derive…
This paper examines radical redistribution reactions in organolead, organotin, and organosilicon compounds, focusing on cases where equilibrium is disturbed by decomposition or by formation of catalyst-stable products. The authors argue that catalytic disproportionation of hexaethyldiplumbane and he…
This paper examines how kinetic drying curves can be used to distinguish and quantify forms of moisture bonding in disperse porous bodies. Using simultaneous thermograms and weight loss curves for thin samples, it relates singular points on drying thermograms to successive removal of free, capillary…
This paper critiques electrostatic models of ion solvation, arguing that observed solvation energies in water, alcohols, acids, ammonia, and related solvents are only weakly dependent on dielectric constants, dipole moments, and molecular volumes. Using tabulated thermodynamic data and comparisons o…
This study examines the mechanism of isotopic exchange between dialkylmercury compounds and alkylmercury bromides labeled with mercury 203, using optically active 5-bromomercuri-2-methylhexane and bis-(2-methylhexyl-5)-mercury. The reaction was followed in ethanol at 60°C by separating the organomer…
This study examines the thermal behavior of 2-alkyl-2,5-dihydrofurans in comparison with related oxygen heterocycles, especially 2,3-dihydrofurans that rearrange to cyclopropane carbonyl compounds. The authors synthesized 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-, and 2-isopropyl-2,5-dihydrofurans and passed their vapors…
This study examines the free radical addition of hydrogen bromide to 1-fluoro-1,1-dichloropropene and compares its behavior with that of 1,1,1-trichloropropene. Under ultraviolet irradiation, the fluorinated propene gives two products, 1-fluoro-1,1-dichloro-3-bromopropane and 1-fluoro-1,2-dichloro-3…
This paper introduces adsorption gas radiography as a method for examining catalyst surfaces when suitable radioactive isotopes of the catalyst elements are unavailable or impractical. The method uses radioactive gases or vapors selectively adsorbed on particular surface components, and is demonstra…
This paper examines the use of kinetic isotope effects for interpreting hydrogen substitution mechanisms in aromatic systems, focusing on iodination and bromination of substituted aromatic amines and sulfonate derivatives. The authors compare kinetic equations, buffer effects, pH dependence, and rea…
This paper proposes a route to phosphorus-containing polymers based on N-phosphonoaminoethylation, in which diethyleneamides of phosphorus acids add to bifunctional compounds with opening of both ethyleneimine rings. The author argues, from earlier monomeric reactions and new experiments, that dicar…
This study examines deuterium and hydrogen exchange during the low-temperature hydrogenation of solid olefins by atomic hydrogen at minus 196 degrees Celsius, with the aim of clarifying aspects of the reaction mechanism. Propylene and isobutylene films frozen on the wall of a reactor were exposed to…
This study examines the relationship between electron work function and catalytic activity in promoted iron catalysts for ammonia synthesis, with attention to the role of additives such as potassium, aluminum, calcium, and silicon oxides. Work functions were estimated from contact potential differen…
This paper examines conflicting determinations of the potential of zero charge on platinum by measuring the differential capacitance of smooth platinum electrodes in sulfuric acid and sulfate solutions over a range of alternating current frequencies and pH values. The authors argue that capacitance …
A new synthesis of 3-aryl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazines is described, addressing the limited accessibility of arylbutadienes required in the earlier azodicarboxylic ester route. The method reduces readily available 6-aryl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3-ones, prepared from beta-aroylpropionic acids and hydra…
This paper examines critical concentration regions in sodium laurate and potassium laurate solutions, extending beyond the commonly recognized critical concentration of micelle formation. Using the solubilization of toluene as an experimental measure, the authors identify an initial threshold near 0…
This study examines the chemistry of furfural-aniline resin formation, a process previously known in application but insufficiently characterized mechanistically. Using physicochemical analysis together with spectrophotometry, viscosity measurements, calorimetry, chemical analysis, hydrogenation, an…
This study examines the composition, crystallization, and mechanical stability of calcium hydrosilicates formed during hydrothermal treatment relevant to cementing ultradeep oil wells at 200°C and pressures up to 700 atm. Mixtures of lime and quartz sand with CaO:SiO2 ratios of 2, 1, and 0.8 were au…
This study examines the behavior of n-heptane and cyclohexene under high-temperature conditions in contact with molten sodium, potassium hydroxide, and, for comparison, molten aluminum. Experiments were conducted in flow apparatuses at atmospheric pressure and in an autoclave under elevated pressure…
This paper reports a polarographic investigation of the nitro-aci tautomerism of nitrocyclohexane in buffered aqueous media at controlled ionic strength. By following the polarographic wave of the nitro form over pH 3 to 12 and at 25 to 50°C, the authors measured the rates of conversion in both dire…
This paper examines the thermal and photochemical reactions of diphenylmercury in benzene, with particular attention to the role of oxygen and to phenyl group exchange between the organomercury compound and the solvent. Using carbon-14 labeled benzene or labeled diphenylmercury, the authors compare …
This paper reports the synthesis of tertiary phosphine oxides containing a vinyl group attached to phosphorus, a class of organophosphorus compounds of interest as potential monomers for nonflammable polymers. The authors prepare diethylvinylphosphine oxide, dipropylvinylphosphine oxide, and ethylph…
This paper investigates the catalytic dehydrogenation of isopropylbenzene to alpha-methylstyrene, with emphasis on reaction kinetics and the influence of hydrocarbon structure on reaction rate. Experiments were conducted in a flow system over a mixed oxide catalyst with steam dilution, measuring hyd…
This study examines N-adenosinephosphoric derivatives of phenylalanine as model compounds for possible peptide nucleotide linkages involving a phosphorus nitrogen bond. The authors synthesized and compared benzyl-protected and deprotected derivatives, testing their reactions with protected amino aci…
This study examines whether a heterogeneous catalyst containing a beta emitting isotope can influence the dehydration of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene. Magnesium sulfate catalysts containing controlled additions of sodium sulfate were prepared in radioactive and nonradioactive paired forms, using sulf…
This study examines the kinetics of zinc amalgam anodic dissolution and zinc ion discharge, focusing on exchange currents as indicators of the discharge, ionization stage in fast electrode processes. Exchange currents were measured by a radioactive tracer method over varied zinc amalgam and zinc sul…
This paper examines the relation between dipole moments and reactivity in vinylacetylene hydrocarbons, addressing whether substituents alter the polarization of the conjugated double and triple bond system. Using Debye’s dilute-solution method in benzene at 20°C, the authors measured dipole moments …
The study examines how nickel content affects the electrochemical and corrosion behavior of chromium steels under passivating conditions. Using potentiostatic polarization measurements in 0.1 N sulfuric acid under nitrogen, supplemented by photocolorimetric determination of dissolved Fe, Cr, and Ni,…
This study compares the catalytic cyclization of n-pentane and n-hexane to five-membered ring hydrocarbons over platinized charcoal, in the context of earlier work on paraffin cyclization. Experiments with purified hydrocarbons at low space velocity showed that n-pentane is unusually resistant, givi…
This paper examines why several complex oxidized lead minerals, including pyromorphite, mimetite, beudantite, and plumbojarosite, are poorly recovered by conventional froth flotation compared with cerussite, anglesite, and wulfenite. The authors relate flotation behavior to crystallochemical structu…
This paper examines the molecular orbital structure of radicals containing nonalternant five- and seven-membered rings, extending earlier calculations on perinaphthenyl analogs and related fused-ring systems. Using the simplified molecular-orbital method, the authors compare the numbers of bonding, …
This paper develops a theoretical account of the mechanical stretching and rupture of polymer molecules, treating covalent bonds in an extended chain as highly stiff quasi-elastic elements. It distinguishes configurational entropy deformation from subsequent elastic stretching of valence angles and …
This study examines the reaction of vinylacetylene with diazomethane, addressing whether addition occurs at the triple bond or the double bond in this conjugated hydrocarbon. Experiments in ether at low temperature followed by product isolation showed formation of a single oil in high yield, assigne…
