SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This study examines whether the hydrogen atoms of acetyl chloride, when associated with acylium ion formation, exhibit proton mobility analogous to that observed in aliphatic carbonium ions. The authors measured isotopic exchange between acetyl chloride and deuterium chloride in nitrobenzene at 25 d…
This paper examines how incorporation of radioactive sulfur during preparation affects the vapor adsorption properties of barium sulfate precipitates. Nonradioactive and sulfur 35 containing barium sulfate samples were characterized by BET surface area measurements and tested for adsorption of n-hex…
This study examines the gaseous products formed during thermal dehydration of amorphous and crystalline silica and relates them to the oxidizing properties of the dehydrated surface. Using mass spectrometric analysis under varied preparation, purification, hydration, and heating conditions, the auth…
This study examines the composition of products formed in the reaction of vanadium oxytrichloride with triethylaluminum, a catalyst-forming system relevant to stereospecific polymerization. Using reactions in benzene under oxygen- and moisture-free conditions, the authors analyzed precipitates, filt…
This study examines the catalytic demethylation of ortho, meta, and para cresols to phenol in the presence of excess water vapor over nickel alumina catalysts at 410 to 470°C. Using a flow reactor and chromatographic analysis of liquid and gaseous products, the authors compare catalyst composition, …
This study examines the configurations and conformations of four glycidic alcohols obtained by oxidation of cis and trans 2-methyl-1-vinylcyclohexanols, using combination light-scattering spectra in the liquid state and in carbon tetrachloride solution. Analysis of hydroxyl, oxirane-ring, and cycloh…
This study examines the chemisorption of absolute isopropyl alcohol at 30 degrees C on mixed catalysts based on gamma alumina, containing NiO, Fe2O3, Cr2O3, or ZrO2, and evaluates the effect of adding K2O. Using gravimetric adsorption measurements and surface area determinations from nitrogen and be…
This study examines copper salt promoted nucleophilic substitution of bromine in 1′-bromo-1-acetylferrocene and 1′-bromo-1-ethylferrocene. 1′-Bromo-1-acetylferrocene was prepared by acylation of bromoferrocene, and its bromine was found to be replaced by acetoxy only with difficulty, yielding 1′-hyd…
This study examines how the radioactivity of molybdenum anhydride affects its evaporation rate, using preparations containing different amounts of molybdenum-99 and comparing them with nonradioactive samples. The authors measured evaporation at 700 degrees in a dry air stream with controlled sample …
This study examines how substituents in arylhydrazones affect their conversion into indole derivatives in the Fischer reaction, with particular attention to the staged formation and rearrangement of acetylated enehydrazine intermediates. A series of arylhydrazones was acetylated and then subjected t…
This paper examines the hydrogenation of furan-series amines as a route to nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocycles, based on the expectation that an amino group in the side chain can cyclize with hydroxyl or carbonyl functions produced by hydrogenolysis of the furan ring. The authors synthesi…
This paper examines the interpretation of S-shaped viscosity isotherms in binary liquid systems and their relation to other established types of viscosity diagrams. By comparing series of acid systems in which the degree of chemical interaction is known from independent evidence, the author argues t…
This study reexamines the addition of iodine chloride to chlorotrifluoroethylene, previously regarded as giving a single product through an ionic mechanism. Fractionation, treatment with oleum, conversion of resulting acyl fluorides to ethyl esters, and comparison with material recovered from tetraf…
The study examines the separate polymerization of isoprene and its copolymerization with styrene in benzene using an alpha titanium trichloride and triethylaluminum catalyst system. Kinetic measurements by dilatometry, supported by molecular weight and infrared compositional analyses, are interprete…
This paper examines the condensation of indandione-1,3 with aliphatic aldehydes, a reaction previously reported to give uncertain or competing products beyond the lower homologs. The authors show that conducting the reaction in cold alkaline medium, with stirring when needed, suppresses self-condens…
This paper examines reactions of benzoyl peroxide and acetylbenzoyl peroxide with organometallic derivatives of tin, lead, and silicon under oxygen-free conditions, focusing on whether homolytic bond cleavage proceeds through free radicals, active complexes, or both. Product analysis, including gase…
Phase equilibrium was investigated along the Ti3Sn, Zr section of the ternary titanium, zirconium, tin system, motivated by structural similarities between alpha zirconium and Ti3Sn and by the possibility of continuous solid solution formation. Alloys were prepared by crucibleless induction melting,…
This study examines the coprecipitation and sorption of trace germanium from aqueous solution by freshly formed aluminum hydroxide, varying germanium concentration, suspension pH, temperature, contact time, and aluminum to germanium ratio. Experiments showed nearly quantitative sorption around pH 6 …
This study examines whether molecular deuterium can be used in thermal decomposition reactions to determine rate constants and activation energies for elementary radical processes, as had been done in photochemical systems. Methyl radicals generated by pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, acetone, dimethylmer…
The study examines the polymerization behavior of cyano-containing alkenyl organosilicon compounds, especially cyanoisopropoxyalkenylsilanes, under radical and platinum-catalyzed conditions. Polymerizations were conducted under high pressure with peroxide or azodiisobutyronitrile initiators, and at …
This paper investigates the dissociation rate of oxygen molecules at high temperatures relevant to gases behind strong shock waves. Using shock tube experiments with time-resolved ultraviolet absorption at 2275 Å, the study infers temperature and molecular oxygen concentration profiles in the early …
This study examines the dehydration of cycloaliphatic alpha-ketols in the cyclohexane and delta-3-cyclohexene series, focusing on the effects of ring unsaturation and methyl substituent position. The authors prepare ketols from acetylenic alcohols and by hydrogenation, dehydrate them under acidic co…
This study examines the structural and mechanical properties of individual gelatin fibers as model elements of leather tissue, with particular attention to changes produced by chromium tanning. The authors measure deformation under constant uniaxial load and the subsequent decay of deformation after…
This paper addresses the synthesis of organoelement polymers with regular spatial structures, a problem arising from the generally irregular branching and cross-linking produced by conventional polymerization of polyfunctional monomers. It proposes and demonstrates a route based on polyfunctional si…
This paper investigates the nonuniform dissolution behavior of uranium protoxide oxide in sulfuric, perchloric, hydrochloric, and acetic acids under controlled conditions. By analyzing the ratios of tetravalent and hexavalent uranium in both solution and undissolved residues during dissolution, the …
This study examines radical rearrangements during reactions of thiols with 1,1,1-trichloropropene and 1,1,1-trichloro-2-bromopropene. Through product isolation, oxidation to sulfones, comparison with independently prepared compounds, and experiments with illumination, sulfur, and isomeric halopropen…
This study examines whether catalytic hydrogenation of olefins involves two elementary processes, recombination of surface intermediates with hydrogen atoms and disproportionation between surface radicals. Ethylene, propylene, and equimolar mixtures of the two were hydrogenated on electrically heate…
This study examines how adding dioxane, a low dielectric constant organic solvent, affects the complex formation and chromatographic separation of rare-earth elements by alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid. Static ion-exchange experiments with yttrium and cerium in dioxane-water mixtures were used to estim…
This paper develops a statistical treatment of the diffuse part of the electric double layer in concentrated electrolyte solutions, where standard Gouy-Stern assumptions are inadequate and specifically adsorbed ions form a discrete compact layer. Using Kirkwood-type correlation functions, the author…
This study examines electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of Baltic oil shales, chiefly kukersite, to clarify features of kerogen structure and its changes during thermal decomposition. Initial enriched kukersite and dictyonema shale showed narrow signals with g = 2.002, while unenriched and heat …
The study examines the ring opening of alpha-methyltrimethylene oxide by chlorosilanes, aluminum chloride, titanium tetrachloride, and hydrogen chloride, with the aim of determining the preferred direction of cleavage in an unsymmetrical beta-oxide. Reactions with silicon tetrachloride, methyltrichl…
This paper investigates the percarbonate-initiated addition of isopropyl alcohol to maleic acid, a reaction previously achieved photochemically, with the aim of clarifying aspects of percarbonate decomposition. Experiments using dicyclohexyl and diisopropyl peroxydicarbonates at 50 degrees showed th…
This paper examines the nitration of selected alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones of the furan series as a route to substituted 5-nitrofuran compounds, addressing earlier difficulties in applying this synthesis. The authors report that low-temperature nitration in acetic anhydride with smal…
The study examines the kinetics and irreversibility of divalent iron electroreduction at a dropping mercury electrode, addressing conflicting interpretations of whether the process is reversible and whether iron forms an amalgam. Using visual and oscillographic polarography with pH monitoring, the a…
This study investigates the interaction of iodine with polyvinyl alcohol in aqueous solution, motivated by the biological activity and blue coloration of iodine complexes with high polymers. Using spectrophotometry from 220 to 800 nm, the authors examined solutions prepared with iodine and iodide ov…
This paper investigates the molecular carrier of the green “fluctuation bands of boric acid” observed in flames and hot vapors containing boron compounds. The authors combine isotope shift measurements for boron oxides of varying isotopic composition with visible and infrared absorption and emission…
This paper reports the synthesis of several ferrocene polymers, including polyferrocenylene, polydiisopropylferrocene, and methylene or ethylene bridged polyalkanoferrocenes, and examines their optical and magnetic behavior. The polymers were prepared by radical polyrecombination or by aluminum chlo…
This paper reexamines the commonly accepted stepwise hydrolysis scheme for aluminum chloride solutions in the pH range 2 to 6, questioning whether intermediate basic chlorides such as AlOHCl2 and Al(OH)2Cl exist as individual compounds. The authors review potentiometric, conductivity, optical, preci…
This paper investigates whether tricalcium silicate and tristrontium silicate can form solid solutions, a question relevant to silicate crystal chemistry and cement chemistry. Samples containing 5, 7.5, and 10 wt.% tristrontium silicate in tricalcium silicate were synthesized by prolonged high-tempe…
This paper examines the structure of the surface double layer in molten niobate systems by measuring surface tension and surface potential at the air interface for Cs2O, K2O, and CaO additions to Nb2O5 at 1500 °C. Using the maximum bubble pressure method and a Gouy-Frumkin type electrochemical arran…
This paper reports the synthesis and reactions of tri-(ethylmercapto)-diborane, formed in 60 to 70% yield by reacting diborane with ethyl mercaptan in ether at room temperature, in contrast to higher alkyl mercaptans that give tetra-substituted diboranes. The compound is characterized as a vacuum-di…
This paper reexamines equilibrium conditions in the Co, O and Co, O, H systems, motivated by discrepancies in earlier measurements and by their relevance to hydrogen reduction routes for producing metallic cobalt. Using X-ray characterization and vacuum equilibrium measurements, the authors determin…
This study examines the interaction of bismuth chloride with alkali-metal chlorides in molten equimolar sodium chloride and potassium chloride at 700 to 850 degrees C. Equilibrium potentials of liquid bismuth were measured against a chlorine reference electrode at several bismuth chloride concentrat…
The paper proposes an isotopic and low-voltage mass-spectrometric method for distinguishing free phenyl radical reactions from transformations occurring within reaction complexes. Reactions were carried out in mixed light and deuterated benzene or cyclohexane, and the appearance of newly formed mono…
This paper analyzes composition, yield relationships for reversible formation of complexes of the type AmBn in solution using the law of mass action. By differentiating the equilibrium expression for series with one variable component and for isomolar series, the authors show that commonly assumed m…
This paper refines constants used in V. M. Tatevskii’s additive scheme for calculating heats of combustion of alkanes, focusing on the previously uncertain contribution of the quaternary carbon bond C4,C4. The authors report a measured liquid-state heat of combustion at 25 degrees Celsius for 2,2,3,…
The study examines how preadsorbed oxygen affects bromide adsorption on platinum electrodes in acidic solutions, using radioactive bromine tracers and charging curves. Measurements on platinized and smooth platinum show that strongly adsorbed bromine is not rapidly displaced by oxygen, while preadso…
A general synthetic route is described for substituted pyrrolidinecarboxylic acids, motivated by the need for proline homologues and analogues for biological studies. The method proceeds from furan chalcones through addition of hydrocyanic acid or nitromethane, conversion to substituted furylpyrroli…
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of complex fluorides of hexavalent rhenium, a class previously not isolated because of hydrolysis and disproportionation in aqueous media. Potassium octafluororhenate was prepared by direct reaction of liquid rhenium hexafluoride with potassium f…
This study uses photoionization measurements to determine first adiabatic ionization potentials for esters, halogenated ester derivatives, simple ethers, several ketones, and volatile metal carbonyls in the gas phase. The results show that ester ionization potentials exceed those of corresponding ke…
