SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper estimates the probability that vibrationally excited oxygen loses one vibrational quantum in collisions with nitrogen dioxide, using flash photolysis data in which oxygen is formed at high vibrational levels and the decay of the sixth level population is observed. A kinetic model for rela…
This paper investigates the catalytic hydrogenation of phenylglyoxylic and alpha-naphthylglyoxylic acids over colloidal palladium protected by gum arabic, with attention to implications for asymmetric catalysis and the structure of dissymmetric colloidal catalysts. Kinetic measurements in aqueous al…
This paper reexamines the structure of sabinene monohydrochloride, for which earlier literature proposed conflicting formulas. The authors report that hydrochlorination of sabinene in dry petroleum ether with hydrogen chloride at about minus 30 to minus 40 degrees gives the monohydrochloride in near…
This study examines the alkylation of para-dichlorobenzene, para-chlorobromobenzene, and para-dibromobenzene with propylene in the presence of sulfuric acid, focusing on orientation and substituent effects in para-disubstituted benzene rings. The authors compare reaction conditions and yields for mo…
This study examines the use of infrared absorption in the C-H stretching region, 2800 to 3000 cm-1, for determining the numbers of methyl and methylene groups in alkanes and in hydrocarbons or derivatives containing aromatic rings, silicon, oxygen, carbonyl groups, or halogens. Spectra of dilute car…
This study examines how the phase state of ammonia affects hydrazine formation under cobalt-60 gamma irradiation, with particular attention to differences between liquid and solid ammonia at nearby temperatures. Hydrazine yields were measured colorimetrically over varied temperatures, doses, and rad…
This study examines the liquid phase autoxidation of alkyl and halogen derivatives of 1,1-diphenylethane and isopropylbenzene, with attention to how aryl, alkyl, and halogen substituents affect hydroperoxide formation. The authors synthesized and purified selected hydrocarbons and para-substituted d…
This study examines the intermetallic compound formed in titanium silicon alloys containing 0.25 to 7.5 wt.% silicon, with the aim of isolating and identifying titanium silicide phases in low silicon titanium alloys. The work uses anodic dissolution in methanol based sulfuric acid electrolytes conta…
This study examines the addition of hydrogen sulfide to fluoroolefins, motivated by the expected radical reactivity of electron-deficient fluorinated double bonds. Tetrafluoroethylene and trifluorochloroethylene were reacted with hydrogen sulfide under ultraviolet irradiation, with acetone as sensit…
This study examines whether cellulose tribenzoate, unlike cellulose in the condensed phase, can satisfy the structural and mobility conditions required for polymer crystallization. High molecular cellulose tribenzoate was synthesized by benzoylation of purified cotton linters, characterized chemical…
The study examines the photochemical and thermal decomposition of diphenylmercury in the nonaromatic solvents cyclohexane and cyclohexene, comparing the products formed under vacuum and in air. Product analysis by infrared spectroscopy and isotope dilution, including experiments with carbon 14 label…
This study examines the structure of complexes formed between organolithium compounds and simple ethers using infrared absorption spectroscopy in the 2000 to 650 cm-1 region. By comparing spectra of several aliphatic and aromatic organolithium compounds in different ethers, the authors assign charac…
This study reexamines the aluminum-boron phase diagram, addressing contradictions in earlier reports on eutectic behavior, peritectic reactions, and the stability of aluminum boride phases. Alloys prepared from high-purity aluminum and boron were investigated by high-temperature contactless thermal …
This study examines metal dialkyldithiophosphates as antioxidant additives for hydrocarbons in lubricating oils, comparing barium and zinc salts with varied alkyl radical structures. The authors synthesized several additives and evaluated their effect on oxidation of paraffin-naphthenic hydrocarbons…
A method is described for preparing oxyarylphosphinic acids by phosphorylating phenyl and cresyl esters of silicic or boric acid with phosphorus pentasulfide, followed by hydrolysis. The approach is presented as an alternative to substitution routes from amino, halo, or methoxy arylphosphinic acids,…
This study examines the addition of thiourea, and in selected cases selenourea, to unsaturated electrophilic reagents under acidic conditions, a reaction area previously uncertain for thiourea. Thiourea was reacted with acrylic, methacrylic, maleic, fumaric, and propiolic acid derivatives, and selen…
This paper investigates the radiation chemical synthesis of new heterocyclic derivatives in dilute aqueous systems, focusing on thiophene and furan under cobalt 60 gamma irradiation. The authors irradiate nitrogen purged thiophene water and furan water mixtures, measure precipitate formation, hydrog…
This study examines the gamma radiolysis of oxygen-saturated aqueous thiophene solutions as a possible route to oxythiophene compounds that are difficult to obtain by conventional oxidation. Using colorimetric coupling reactions and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the authors identify thienol as a pr…
This paper examines the determination of relative adsorption coefficients for mixtures by applying an isotope dilution method to ethyl alcohol and ether adsorbed on active aluminum oxide. In flow experiments at 120 degrees C, mixtures containing carbon 14 labeled components were passed over the cata…
This paper addresses the synthesis of previously undescribed 1-aminoindanone-3 derivatives, focusing on compounds expected to be more stable when disubstituted at the 2 position. The authors reduce hydrochlorides of 2,2-disubstituted 1-iminoindanones-3 with zinc in acetic acid to obtain 1-amino-2-me…
This study examines the composition and structure of the intermetallic compound formed in titanium, chromium alloys, addressing conflicting reports that assigned it either TiCr2 or Ti2Cr3. Alloys containing 1.0 to 80 wt.% chromium were prepared, heat treated, and subjected to directed anodic dissolu…
This paper describes the synthesis of mixed chelate-like cyclopentadienyl compounds of zirconium, a class not previously reported for zirconium compounds containing a single cyclopentadienyl group together with chelating ligands. The authors prepare monochloro diacetylacetonatocyclopentadienylzircon…
The study determines thermodynamic properties of cerium oxides across the composition range CeO2 to CeO1.5 in order to characterize the cerium oxygen system more completely. Electromotive force measurements with a solid electrolyte were combined with hydrogen reduction equilibrium measurements to ca…
The study examines the position at which lithium adds to biphenyl, a question relevant to assigning structures of alkylated dihydrobiphenyl derivatives obtained from dilithium dihydrobiphenyl. Two experimental approaches were tested: oxidation of dihydrobiphenyl with selenium dioxide and reaction of…
Differential capacitance of the electric double layer at a mercury dropping electrode was measured in N-methylformamide solutions of several salts using an impedance bridge over a range of potentials, concentrations, temperatures, and solvent mixtures. The capacitance in N-methylformamide is general…
A calorimetric method is described for determining the heat of formation of binary semiconductor compounds by direct fusion in a bomb equipped with a small electric furnace and rocking stirrer. The procedure was tested on stoichiometric indium and antimony sealed in a quartz ampoule, with calorimete…
This study examines whether iron-group metals reduced at mercury electrodes form amalgams, colloidal dispersions, or separate solid deposits, a question on which earlier polarographic evidence was conflicting. Using stationary, dropping, and hanging mercury electrodes with oscillographic reverse-swe…
This paper examines steric interactions in hindered halogen derivatives of aromatic compounds as a basis for developing a semiempirical treatment of molecular strain and bond deflection. Using X-ray structural analysis of crystal electron-density projections, the authors determined the structures of…
This paper reexamines the dipole moments and structural interpretation of imidazole and several derivatives, addressing conflicting earlier claims that unusually large moments imply zwitterionic or intermolecular ionic structures. Dielectric permittivities of dilute dioxane solutions were measured a…
The paper examines the intersection, or conversion line, of stable and nonequilibrium tetrahedra in the quinary reciprocal salt system Li, Na, Rb, Tl with Br, Cl, nitrate, and sulfate ions. It represents the relevant exchange reactions algebraically and experimentally studies compositions along the …
The paper discusses the use of high pressure as a kinetic tool for studying collective interactions in polymerization and related processes. It argues, using transition state theory, that the pressure dependence of reaction rates can yield the volume change associated with transition state formation…
This paper develops a quantitative “local” theory for the mass spectra of normal paraffins, contrasting it with statistical theories that assume redistribution of excitation energy over the whole molecular ion. Using simple assumptions about electron collision, symmetric C-C bond cleavage, and fragm…
This study investigates the acylation of 1,1′-bis-hydroperoxy-dicyclohexyl peroxide as a route to 1,1′-bis-acylperoxy-dicyclohexyl peroxides, a class of organic peresters related to industrial cyclohexanone peroxide mixtures. Reactions with acetic, propionic, butyric, capric, and chloroacetic acid c…
The paper reports Raman spectroscopic measurements of anhydrous silver perchlorate, its hydrate, and the polycrystalline benzene complex AgClO4·C6H6 using a DFS-12 spectrometer with photoelectric recording. Comparison of the spectra shows that the complex resembles hydrated AgClO4 more closely than …
This paper reexamines the reactions of o-carboxybenzoylferrocene and corrects an earlier structural assignment of a sulfuric acid product previously regarded as a ferrocene analog of anthraquinone. Through acid-promoted transformations, hydrolysis, sodium in alcohol reduction, independent synthesis,…
This paper addresses the rapid elimination and high dosage requirements of p-aminosalicylic acid in tuberculosis therapy by incorporating the drug into a synthetic polymeric carrier. The authors synthesize previously unknown p-aminosalicylic esters of polyvinyl alcohol through esterification with th…
This paper presents a radiation-kinetic photometric method for determining ultratrace amounts of tetravalent polonium-210 based on a self-accelerating solid-phase color reaction. The method combines coprecipitation of polonium with butylrhodamine iodide or periodide, local alpha-induced radiolysis o…
This study examines the mechanism of epichlorohydrin polymerization using the ferric chloride, propylene oxide catalytic system, with emphasis on how catalyst concentration affects active centers and molecular-weight distribution. Polyepichlorohydrin samples prepared at 2, 5, and 10 percent catalyst…
This study examines how the absolute mobility of sodium and potassium ions changes in binary and ternary silicate melts containing alkali or alkaline earth cations. Self-diffusion coefficients were measured with radioactive sodium and potassium isotopes over high temperature ranges, and the results …
Contact potential differences between selected liquid metals and their alloys were measured to test their relation to differences in potentials of zero charge, a question relevant to the theory of electromotive forces in galvanic cells. Using a thermoelectronic diode method at 450 degrees, the study…
This paper addresses the “biradical paradox” in electron paramagnetic resonance studies of biradicals formed by two triphenylmethyl radicals linked by a bridge, where experimental hyperfine spectra imply much slower interwell electron exchange than theoretical estimates of singlet, triplet splitting…
This study examines the extraction of ferric chloride by diethyl ether from hydrochloric acid solutions in the quaternary system ferric chloride, hydrochloric acid, water, and diethyl ether. Equilibrium experiments at 20 ± 0.1°C were used to construct an extraction diagram with distribution coeffici…
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of previously little studied unsaturated organosilicon peroxides of the mixed tert-butyl peroxy type. Vinyl-substituted chlorosilanes were reacted with tert-butyl hydroperoxide in petroleum ether in the presence of pyridine to prepare mono-, di-,…
This study examines the kinetics of styrene polymerization initiated by tert-butyl peroxide and tert-butyl perbenzoate, with benzoyl peroxide used for comparison. Polymerization rates were measured dilatometrically in bulk and suspension systems over varying initiator concentrations and temperatures…
The study determines thermodynamic properties of cobalt antimonides in the Co-Sb system, focusing on CoSb3, CoSb2, and CoSb despite known or possible deviations from stoichiometry in some phases. Electromotive-force measurements were made with cells containing cobalt, molten CoCl2-KCl-LiCl electroly…
This paper reports the first preparation and infrared study of double aryldiazonium salts of aluminum chloride and bromide. Because conventional aqueous or alcoholic methods caused hydrolysis, the authors developed a synthesis using aluminum halide etherates, obtaining substituted aryldiazonium alum…
This study investigates changes in the infrared absorption spectra of a resol phenol formaldehyde resin during curing from 20 to 200°C, using pressed KBr windows to improve reproducibility of sample thickness and spectral comparison. Spectra of uncured and cured samples show decreasing hydroxyl and …
This paper examines the concentration dependence of the fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift in aqueous potassium bifluoride and potassium bifluoride, potassium fluoride systems, motivated by conflicting interpretations of shielding in hydrofluoric acid solutions. Using measured shi…
This study examines the magnetic susceptibility of polyalkanopolyferrocenes and polyferrocenylenes in relation to the spacing and bonding of ferrocene residues in polymer molecules. Static susceptibility was measured for solid polymers by the Faraday method and for benzene solutions by the Gouy meth…
This paper reports the thermal alkylation of tetrahydrofuran with ethylene at elevated temperature and pressure, addressing an unexplored extension of alkane alkylation to saturated oxygen-containing rings. Experiments in a rotating autoclave examined the effects of temperature, reaction time, and e…
