SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper develops a quantum mechanical calculation of the probability of elementary electron transfer between an electrode and an ion in heterogeneous oxidation reduction reactions, restricted to processes not complicated by adsorption. The authors model the polar solvent as a continuous dielectri…
This paper examines the ability of boron to form cationic complexes, a capacity previously regarded as atypical in comparison with its neutral and anionic complex chemistry. The authors prepare and characterize several boronium salts, including diphenyl di(alkylamine) boronium tetrachloroferrates an…
This study examines whether substituted cyclopentadienes undergo a hindered thermodynamic equilibrium among isomers differing in the positions of their intracyclic double bonds. Monodeuterocyclopentadiene was prepared from cyclopentadienylmagnesium bromide and deuterium oxide, and the resulting isom…
The paper addresses limitations of paper chromatography for identifying and separating hydrophobic substituted carbohydrates, especially closely related monosaccharide derivatives. It describes the use of chromatography in an unfixed thin layer of aluminum oxide, outlining plate preparation, develop…
The study investigates the mechanism and bond cleavage direction in the hydrolysis of vinyl acetate and vinyl benzoate, a question previously inferred mainly by analogy with ordinary alkyl esters. Using water enriched with oxygen-18, the authors hydrolyze the esters under acidic, neutral salt-cataly…
This study examines whether amorphous elastomers, specifically natural rubber and SKB-30 synthetic rubber, contain ordered structural elements comparable to those previously observed in other amorphous polymers. Using electron microscopy with varied specimen preparation methods, including altered so…
This study examines isotopic hydrogen exchange between aromatic hydrocarbons and liquid deuterium chloride, addressing a gap in comparative data for hydrogen halides as protogenic media. Using Monel apparatus suitable for the high vapor pressure of liquid DCl, the authors measured deuterium incorpor…
This study examines the mechanism of pitting corrosion of zirconium in halide solutions, focusing on whether surface activation is governed by transport of halide ions to a critical near-electrode concentration. The authors measured the induction period before activation during anodic polarization i…
This paper examines the synthesis and stereochemical assignment of ethambutol, 1,2-bis-(2-iminobutanol-1)-ethane, whose antitubercular activity is strongly dependent on configuration. The authors establish the absolute configuration of optically active 2-aminobutanol-1 by reducing ethyl D-alpha-amin…
This paper investigates the distribution of overvoltage at germanium electrolyte interfaces, a problem complicated by surface states that can affect impedance measurements and obscure the capacitance of the semiconductor space charge layer. A method is proposed in which illumination is used to compe…
This paper examines initial polarization peaks observed during cathodic reduction of sparingly soluble metal oxides and evaluates whether they arise from ohmic resistance or from kinetic hindrance in forming a new phase. Using oscillographic potential measurements for mercuric oxide and silver subox…
A new synthesis of anthracene hydrocarbons is described based on the action of phosphorus pentoxide on 2-benzyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrobenzoic acids. These intermediates were obtained by zinc and hydrochloric acid reduction of aroyl-tetrahydrobenzoic acid adducts derived from diene hydrocarbons and benzo…
This paper investigates direct iodomethylation of 2-substituted indandiones-1,3 as a route to reactive intermediates for the synthesis of physiologically relevant aminomethyl derivatives. The authors show that heating 2-aryl-, 2-aralkyl-, and 2-alkylindandiones-1,3 with methylene iodide in the prese…
This study examines whether 2-O-trichloroacetyl-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl chloride can serve as a glycosyl donor for directed synthesis of 1,2-cis, alpha-glucosides of complex aglycones under Koenigs-Knorr-type conditions. Reactions with cholesterol and methyl oleanolate were carried …
This paper examines the relationship between infrared spectral shifts of free surface hydroxyl groups on silica and the energetic characteristics of adsorption for nonpolar hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, water, alcohols, and ether. Using reported and new values of hydroxyl stretching band shifts …
This paper examines whether ammine and amido complexes of tetravalent platinum can form metallic derivatives, especially silver-containing salts, through coordination of silver ions to a platinum-bound amido group. The authors use solubility experiments with silver hydroxide and silver chloride, inc…
This paper examines the photoelectrochemical behavior of n-type and p-type silicon at the silicon, alkali interface during self-dissolution and the onset of passivation in potassium hydroxide solutions. Using anodic polarization, illumination experiments, and alternating-current measurements of resi…
This paper reports the isolation and identification of natural beta-cedrene from the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fraction of the essential oil of hemispherical juniper. After removal of cedrol and repeated alumina chromatography, a small fraction was obtained whose physical constants, elemental compos…
This study quantitatively examines the reversible dehydrobromination of 2-bromopropane to propylene and hydrogen bromide, a system for which equilibrium data had not previously been reported. Using a flow reactor with a promoted cuprous bromide catalyst, the authors measured equilibrium compositions…
This paper investigates the bulk polymerization of nitroethylene under cobalt-60 gamma irradiation as a route to purer, higher-molecular-weight polynitroethylene without solvent or chemical initiator contamination. Nitroethylene was irradiated in sealed evacuated ampoules at 20 degrees Celsius under…
This study examines the gamma radiolysis of acidic sulfuric acid solutions containing mixtures of ferrous and ferric ions saturated with hydrogen under pressure. By measuring initial ferrous oxidation or ferric reduction yields while varying ferric ion concentration, hydrogen pressure, and ferrous i…
This study reports the synthesis and characterization of tri-(omega-styryl)-boron from bromostyrene-derived Grignard reagent and boron trifluoride etherate, with attention to the influence of reagent ratios, temperature, and inert atmosphere. Under dry argon in tetrahydrofuran at 40 to 45 degrees, t…
The paper examines the applicability of the Hammett and Taft relationships to the reduction of substituted triarylcarbinols by isopropyl alcohol in sulfuric acid, a hydride transfer reaction proceeding through carbonium ion formation. Using kinetic data for triphenylcarbinol and methyl or methoxy su…
Aerosol formation and destruction during the radiolysis of gaseous hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon, oxygen mixtures were investigated using optical attenuation and weight concentration measurements under fast electron irradiation. Experiments on ethane, propane, n-butane, ethylene, propylene, acetylene…
The paper examines the mechanism of radiolytic oxidation of ferrous ions by hydrogen atoms in deaerated aqueous ferrous sulfate solutions, focusing on the dependence of oxidation yield on pH, radiation intensity, and ferrous ion concentration. Experiments with Co-60 irradiation show that the oxidati…
This paper examines how to characterize the stability of very strong metal phthalocyanine complexes, for which ordinary instability constants are unsuitable because dissociation in acidic media is negligible or effectively irreversible. Using concentrated sulfuric acid as solvent, it analyzes proton…
This paper reexamines the silicon-rich region of the manganese silicon system, where earlier reports on manganese disilicide and related phase formation were considered insufficiently substantiated. Alloys containing about 46 to 55 percent manganese were prepared from high-purity components, anneale…
This paper reports the synthesis of compounds containing two adjacent three-membered rings, a class described as poorly explored because of limited preparative methods. Starting from isopropenylcyclopropane, the authors prepared five derivatives, including 1-methyl-1-cyclopropylcyclopropane, an ethy…
This paper examines the thermal behavior of addition products formed from trialkyl phosphites and diacetyl, compounds previously identified as 1,3,2-dioxaphospholene derivatives of pentacovalent phosphorus. Distillation or heating under reduced pressure in an inert atmosphere showed that the triprop…
This paper examines how the Galvani potential is distributed between the Helmholtz layer and the semiconductor space charge at the germanium, electrolyte solution interface. Using measurements of surface recombination rate by photoconductivity decay and instantaneous photopotential under pulsed illu…
This paper proposes a general alkaline-medium route to aryliodonium betaines based on the electrophilic reaction of aryliodoso compounds with nucleophilic anions. Phenyliodosoacetate was reacted in methanol at low temperature with a range of substrates capable of forming nucleophilic centers, includ…
The study examines how foreign adsorbed substances affect low-temperature dehydration of alcohols on oxide catalysts, focusing on isopropyl alcohol and trimethylcarbinol on alumina-based catalysts and tungsten oxide. Kinetic experiments in adsorption layers showed that polar additives such as aceton…
The study determines thermodynamic properties and phase-region information for solid iron, tellurium alloys containing up to about 50 atomic percent iron. Electromotive-force measurements of concentration cells with molten chloride electrolyte were made over 360 to 650 degrees C for alloys in severa…
This paper examines the nature of the apparent induction period in the autooxidation of fats and fatty acids. Using experiments on purified oleic acid and natural fats, with measurements of oxygen uptake, peroxide content, epoxide oxygen, hydroxyl oxygen, iodine value, and carotenoids, it argues tha…
This paper reports the synthesis of cephalin phospholipids containing residues of stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, motivated by the biological importance of such structures. Three synthetic routes are described, starting from alpha,beta-diglycerides derived from benzylglycerol or benzy…
This study examines the infrared absorption spectra of cis and trans propenyl compounds of trivalent and pentavalent antimony, addressing the use and limitations of conventional spectral criteria for assigning ethylenic geometrical configurations. Spectra were recorded for liquid and solid organoant…
This study investigates the mechanism by which aromatic nitroso compounds react with hydrazoic acid to form aryl azides and nitrogen. Using hydrazoic acid labeled with nitrogen 15 in the terminal nitrogen atoms, the authors analyzed the isotopic composition of evolved nitrogen and of the azide produ…
This study examines how surface-active demulsifiers alter the stability of water-in-oil petroleum emulsions stabilized by strong interfacial layers of natural “black” emulsifiers. Using an adapted rheological instrument, the authors measured the limiting two-dimensional shear stress of adsorption la…
This study examines the formation of acetylene from methane under rapid adiabatic compression, a method intended to provide high reaction temperatures followed by fast cooling of products. Equilibrium calculations and experiments were carried out for pure methane and for methane diluted with nitroge…
This study examines the relative electronegativity and cleavage behavior of the perfluorovinyl radical in organometallic compounds, using acid decomposition of organomercury derivatives as a probe of electrophilic reactivity. Kinetic measurements for reactions with hydrogen chloride in aqueous tetra…
This study determines the saturated vapor pressures of rhenium disulfide, rhenium dioxide, and rhenium trioxide, data needed for evaluating rhenium behavior during pyrometallurgical processing of sulfide materials. Prepared compounds were examined by the Knudsen effusion method under high vacuum, wi…
This paper reports the preparation of tri-p-aminotriphenyloxonium salts by reduction of tri-p-nitrotriphenyloxonium borofluoride and describes several derivatives, including chloride, iodide, a mercuric iodide double salt, and chloroplatinate. The authors examine the weakened basicity and diazotizat…
This study examines whether radicals formed during peroxide initiated addition of trichlorobromomethane to vinyl derivatives undergo 1,2 phenyl migration from tin, silicon, or carbon to a neighboring radical center. Trichlorobromomethane was added to vinyltriphenylstannane, vinyltriphenylsilane, and…
This paper examines the variation of Si-O interatomic distances in silicates, challenging the common assumption that these bonds have a nearly constant length of about 1.60 Å. Using published X-ray structural data and a bonding argument based on ionic character and donor-acceptor pπ-dπ interactions,…
This paper reports the isolation and chemical characterization of cardiac glycosides from wormseed wallflower, with particular attention to a newly identified compound designated glycoside I. Alcohol extraction, chromatographic separation, physicochemical analysis, enzymatic and acid hydrolysis, pap…
The study examines the inhibitory effect of uranyl ions on the radiation-chemical oxidation of ferrous iron in deaerated sulfuric acid solutions exposed to cobalt-60 gamma radiation. Initial ferric ion yields were measured as functions of uranyl ion concentration, hydrogen ion concentration, and fer…
This paper investigates ammonolysis of the dinuclear aromatic dihalide 1,1-di-(chlorophenyl)ethane as a direct route to 1,1-di-(aminophenyl)ethane, an aromatic diamine otherwise prepared through nitration and reduction of diphenylalkanes. The authors carried out reactions in a rotating autoclave wit…
This paper examines how Brownian motion should be described near the critical point, where diffusion coefficients fall sharply and concentration or density fluctuations become long lived. Using one dimensional random walk models and a modification of the Smoluchowski integral equation, the authors a…
This paper investigates the polymerization of nitriles through the carbon nitrogen triple bond, a process considered thermodynamically unfavorable under ordinary liquid-state conditions. The authors apply a principle of preliminary ordering by forming crystalline complexes of nitriles with coordinat…
This study examines how trace oxygen and water in hydrogen affect the performance of an industrial tungsten sulfide catalyst in benzene hydrogenation and cyclohexane isomerization under pressure. Using a flow apparatus, the authors compared reactions carried out with untreated technical electrolytic…
