SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper examines how electrode potential affects the attraction interaction constant between organic molecules adsorbed on mercury, focusing on tert-pentyl alcohol in sodium fluoride solutions. The authors extend Frumkin adsorption theory to cases in which the interaction parameter varies with po…
This paper analyzes polarographic volume catalytic hydrogen waves in systems where the electrochemical stage is irreversible, extending earlier treatments that assumed Nernstian reversibility. The authors formulate the steady boundary-value problem for the catalytic cycle involving protolytic equili…
This study examines how beta radiation from radioactive isotopes incorporated into tricalcium phosphate affects the catalytic dehydration of isopropyl alcohol to propylene. Radioactive tricalcium phosphate monohydrate catalysts containing calcium-45 or phosphorus-32 were prepared, characterized by X…
This paper examines why the depolarization degree of Raman lines corresponding to symmetric C=C stretching vibrations differs between hydrocarbons with conjugated double bonds in open chains and in cyclic systems. Using measured Raman depolarization values for substituted dienes and cyclic dienes, t…
This study examines the free-radical polymerization of vinyl ethyl sulfone, a reactive but previously little studied vinyl sulfone monomer of potential practical interest. Purified monomer was polymerized in bulk and in solution using azo and peroxide initiators, with additional trials using organob…
This study examines how induced radioactivity from Fe-59 affects the atmospheric corrosion of Armco iron and carbon steel-2 under conditions of 100 percent relative humidity. Samples activated by neutron irradiation were compared with inactive controls over periods up to 30 days, with corrosion asse…
This study examines the interaction of ferric oxide and germanium dioxide in relation to germanium concentration in iron ores and its coprecipitation with ferric hydroxide. Precipitates with varying ferric oxide to germanium dioxide ratios were prepared using ammonia or sodium hydroxide and investig…
This study examines the thermal decomposition and oxidation of dicyclohexylmercury in benzene, extending earlier observations that the compound is stable without oxygen but decomposes readily in air. Experiments on heating in the absence of oxygen and on oxidation with molecular oxygen identified me…
A homogeneous polymer membrane with complex-forming properties was prepared to address the limited selectivity of conventional ion-exchange materials toward specific metal ions. The membrane was synthesized from a copolymer of diisobutyl vinylphosphonate and acrylic acid, cross-linked with triallyl …
The paper proposes using electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of free radical stability as a structural tool for organic compounds. Compounds of uncertain structure are converted to radicals, their disappearance kinetics and half-lives in inert or model conditions are measured, and the resul…
Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study liquid aqueous and glycerol solutions containing pentavalent chromium produced by partial reduction of hexavalent chromium compounds in boiling glycerol. Measurements at 9320 and 450 MHz over 295 to 360 K showed narrow Lorentzian lines for Cr52 and r…
This study examines the radiolytic reduction of divalent palladium in aerated aqueous solutions of several palladium salts under high energy electron irradiation. Using optical density measurements and gravimetric determination of precipitated metal, the authors measured radiation chemical yields fo…
This study examines how polar additives affect radical copolymerization of methacrylic acid with methyl methacrylate and with styrene, focusing on changes in copolymer composition and monomer reactivity ratios. Viscometric measurements indicated interaction between methacrylic acid and dimethylforma…
This study examines the mechanism of the Demjanov reaction in the deamination of cyclohexylamine, with particular attention to whether the cyclohexyl cation undergoes rearrangement before capture by solvent. Cyclohexylamine labeled with carbon-14 at the carbon bonded to nitrogen was synthesized, tre…
A synthetic route is described for higher aliphatic alpha-amino acids using 2-phenyl-4-(thenylidene)-5-oxazolones as intermediates, addressing limitations of Strecker syntheses and the need for higher aliphatic aldehydes in oxazolone methods. Thiophene aldehydes are condensed with hippuric acid to g…
This study examines the mutual influence of thorium and cerium(IV) nitrates during joint extraction with tributyl phosphate from nitric acid solutions. Using distribution measurements for aqueous and organic phases, the authors show that small amounts of cerium sharply reduce the thorium distributio…
This paper examines quantitative comparison of solvent effects on the long wavelength absorption maxima of merocyanine dyes, focusing on the concept of proportional sensitivity to solvents. Absorption spectra for several merocyanines were measured in a broad series of solvents and compared by plotti…
This study examines the solubility and phase behavior of sodium and potassium hydrides in their corresponding hydroxides, a subject previously known mainly from qualitative observations. Using thermometric analysis and high-temperature powder X-ray phase analysis, the authors investigated NaOH, NaH …
The study examines how ionizing radiation affects the catalytic dehydration of n-dodecyl alcohol over aluminum oxide and the isomerization of the resulting olefins. Experiments compared alumina irradiated in a nuclear reactor, alumina modified with calcium chloride containing radioactive calcium, an…
The study examines the mechanisms by which secondary products form during high-temperature cracking of ethane to ethylene at 800 to 880 degrees Celsius and low pressure. Ethane mixtures containing carbon-14-labeled ethylene were reacted in a turbulent reactor, and chromatographic analysis with radio…
This paper reexamines the accepted view that the yellow coloration of aqueous solutions of 1,1-dinitroalkanes and trinitromethane indicates the presence of a nonionized aci-form. Using ultraviolet absorption measurements for dinitromethane, 1,1-dinitroethane, and trinitromethane in alkaline, aqueous…
This study examines the mechanism of oxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, ionol, and the proposed rearrangement of its initially formed phenoxyl radical into a benzyl radical. Oxidized products were separated by paper chromatography and analyzed by infrared and electron paramagnetic resona…
Electron paramagnetic resonance was studied for tetravalent niobium chloride in low-temperature ethanolic glass and in liquid ethanolic solution, using material produced by incomplete reduction of niobium pentachloride. The glass at 77 K showed a resolved 16-component hyperfine spectrum from interac…
The study examines the reaction of 1-chloro-1-nitrosocyclohexane with butadiene-1,3, proposed to proceed by a diene-synthesis pathway followed by rearrangement to an unstable quaternary immonium salt. In benzene with absolute ethanol at room temperature, the reaction gave 3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazine hyd…
This paper examines how to estimate the aggregative stability of synthetic latexes, treating stability as primarily determined by the mechanical strength of structured protective adsorption layers around polymer particles. The authors develop a hydrodynamic argument for relating the energy required …
This paper examines the preparation and attempted resolution of asymmetric phosphonium compounds containing a chiral phosphorus atom. The authors develop a simpler route to asymmetric tertiary phosphines from phenylethylchlorophosphine and organomagnesium reagents, then convert these phosphines into…
This study examines the catalytic addition of triethoxy-, triethyl-, and related silanes to the conjugated diene ketone 6-methylhepta-3,5-dien-2-one in the presence of chloroplatinic acid. The reactions proceed selectively by 1,4-addition to form silyl vinyl ethers, which on acid hydrolysis give 6-m…
This study examines how a nitrogen atom adjacent to a conjugated enyne system affects the reactivity of the terminal triple bond in compounds of the type dialkylamino-1-buten-1-yne. Hydration reactions show that N,N-dimethyl- and N,N-diethyl-substituted ethynylvinylamines add water at room temperatu…
This study examines the electrical properties of compositions formed by treating powdered metals with tetracyanoethylene vapors, producing thin polymeric chelate films on dispersed metal surfaces. Iron and silver powders were reacted under vacuum at elevated temperatures, pressed into specimens, and…
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of 2-phenyl-4-azabenz(f)-indandione-1,3, a heterocyclic analog of indandione-1,3, motivated by interest in relationships between indandione structure and biological activity. The authors prepare the compound from the lactone of 2-oxymethylquinoli…
This study examines how solution pH affects the adsorption and desorption of iodide ions on a silver electrode, a process relevant to halide-induced depassivation and pitting corrosion. Using a radioactive tracer method with iodine-131, combined with controlled electrode polarization, adsorption was…
This study examines the polarographic behavior of pertechnetate in 1 M sodium perchlorate using a dropping mercury electrode over a wide range of acidity and alkalinity, with attention to analytical separation from molybdenum. In neutral solution, pertechnetate gives a diffusion wave with a half-wav…
This study examines orientation and relative reactivity in the sulfuric acid catalyzed alkylation of the three dichlorobenzene isomers with propylene, focusing on how the positions of two chlorine substituents affect electrophilic substitution by an isopropyl group. The authors compare para-, ortho-…
This paper reexamines the equilibrium of the reduction of solid beryllium oxide by graphite to form beryllium carbide and carbon monoxide at 1800 to 2000 K, refining earlier measurements affected by specimen preparation and degassing. Using a static equilibrium method with carefully calcined, mixed,…
Carbon monoxide adsorption on copper was investigated to clarify the chemical nature of adsorption on copper-group metals and the structure of the resulting surface compounds. Measurements were made on evaporated copper layers and on copper supported on alumina or aerosil over temperatures from minu…
This study uses electron paramagnetic resonance to examine radical formation in phenazhydrine and benzoquinhydrone in solution, crystalline states, and after adsorption on solid surfaces. Phenazhydrine shows no detectable radical dissociation in neutral ether or dioxane solution, but crystalline phe…
This study reexamines the silica-rich region of the BaO, SiO2 phase diagram, where earlier interpretations disagreed on whether intermediate compositions between dibarium trisilicate and barium disilicate form continuous solid solutions or distinct compounds. Synthesized compositions were investigat…
This paper investigates heterolytic reactions of polyfluorinated azoalkanes, a class previously known mainly for homolytic decomposition and addition reactions. Through reactions with reducing agents, acids, nucleophiles, dienes, diazomethane, azines, and organomagnesium compounds, the authors show …
This paper examines how solvents and additives influence the stereochemical course of the Wittig reaction, using the reaction of benzylidenetriphenylphosphorane with propionaldehyde as the principal example. Gas liquid chromatographic measurements show that nonpolar media favor predominantly trans-b…
This study examines the measurement of adsorption potential shifts on smooth platinum electrodes, extending earlier work performed on platinized platinum. Because the small surface area of smooth platinum makes measurements highly sensitive to trace reducible or oxidizable impurities, the work devel…
This paper reports an X-ray structural study of ammonium sodium oxalatomolybdate dihydrate, NH4Na[MoO3C2O4]·2H2O, undertaken to test proposed analogies with related osmium and molybdenum oxalate complexes. Using Patterson and electron-density projections, the authors determine that the crystal has m…
This paper proposes catalimetric titration as a volumetric analytical method for very dilute solutions, using catalytic activity to indicate the equivalence point when ordinary indicators lack sufficient sensitivity. The authors develop the rationale from the relation between titration error, initia…
This paper experimentally investigates the structure and approximate dimensions of sensitivity centers and latent-image development centers in high-sensitivity type P nuclear emulsions. Using controlled dissolution of atomic silver by dilute acids, the authors compare changes in track density for em…
This study examines whether ketones can promote chain branching in liquid-phase hydrocarbon oxidation through interaction with hydroperoxides, using tert-butyl hydroperoxide and cyclohexanone in chlorobenzene mixtures. Free-radical formation was measured from the consumption of alpha-naphthylamine i…
This paper reports chronopotentiometric measurements of the diffusion coefficients of lead ions in molten NaCl, KCl, and an equimolar NaCl, KCl mixture over a range of temperatures, using a platinum working electrode and molten lead reference system in an argon atmosphere. The measured coefficients …
This study examines the condensation of aromatic ortho-diamines with violuric acid and thio analogues as a route to alloxazines. The authors show that reaction conditions strongly affect product formation: boric acid in acetic acid media and especially dilute hydrochloric acid promote dehydration an…
This paper investigates the direct synthesis of sodium and potassium aluminum hydrides from aluminum, alkali metals or their hydrides, and hydrogen, with emphasis on replacing tetrahydrofuran by hydrocarbon media to avoid solvent cleavage and purification difficulties. The authors describe reactions…
This paper investigates whether 2-vinylanthracene exists as an equilibrium mixture of S-cis and S-trans isomers arising from restricted rotation in the conjugated system. Absorption and fluorescence spectra were measured in ethanol and n-heptane over a range of temperatures, with attention to temper…
This study examines how secondary diarylamines react with hydrocarbon and peroxide radicals during radiolysis, using cumene systems irradiated with fast electrons and monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance. Experiments with diphenylamine and phenyl-beta-naphthylamine show that alkyl radicals d…
This paper reexamines previously reported electron paramagnetic resonance signals, positive susceptibility, and apparent ferromagnetic behavior in ferrocene polymers. Magnetic susceptibility and field dependence were measured from room temperature to liquid helium temperatures and up to 13 kOe for o…
