SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This study examines combustion at elevated nitrogen pressures in compacted mixtures of potassium perchlorate with nonvolatile, nondecomposing fuels, graphite and tungsten, where combustion can occur only through interaction between oxidizer decomposition products and fuel particle surfaces. Burning …
This study examines the solvent extraction of technetium-99 from aqueous sodium pertechnetate solutions using quinoline, tributyl phosphate, acetone, acetylacetone, thenoyltrifluoroacetone, and several ion-association systems. Distribution coefficients were measured radiometrically under acidic, neu…
This study examines ammonia complexes of formally divalent indium dihalides, focusing on whether their behavior is better explained by ionic mono and trivalent indium species or by dimeric molecules containing an indium to indium bond. Indium dibromide and diiodide were reacted with dry ammonia unde…
This study examines charge transport in solid oxide electrolytes based on cerium dioxide with lanthanum, neodymium, and yttrium oxides, focusing on whether current is carried by cations, oxygen ions, or electronic carriers. The authors modified gravimetric electrolysis with reversible oxygen electro…
This paper determines the standard heat of formation of crystalline decaborane, for which earlier literature values were uncertain, by calorimetric measurement of its thermal decomposition. Purified decaborane was pyrolyzed in a quartz vessel suspended in an isothermal-jacket calorimeter, with the e…
This study examines the role of cyclic transition complexes in iodination reactions of unsaturated compounds that proceed with intramolecular ring closure. Kinetic measurements in aqueous potassium iodide solutions show that free iodine is the active iodinating agent and that iodocyclization rates d…
This paper reports the preparation and electron paramagnetic resonance study of several trivalent titanium compounds, including titanium(III) carbonate and fluoride-containing complexes that the author states had not previously been described. Titanium(III) carbonate was precipitated from titanium(I…
This paper analyzes adsorption peaks in differential capacitance curves of a mercury electrode in solutions containing organic adsorbates. Using the Frumkin adsorption isotherm, it derives expressions for the additional capacitance, peak position, peak width, and peak height as functions of coverage…
This study compares the sorption of fourth-period transition-metal cations by a range of mineral ion exchangers, with chromatographic alumina used as a reference. Dynamic column experiments with sulfate solutions were used to measure uptake of chromium(III), iron(III), manganese(II), iron(II), cobal…
This study examines the electrode behavior of thermally treated polyacrylonitrile, an organic semiconductor known to catalyze hydrogen peroxide decomposition, and compares it with carbonized viscose carbon. Polarization measurements in acidic and alkaline solutions under hydrogen, air, and oxygen at…
This study examines the OH stretching vibrations of perchloric acid in the gas phase, anhydrous liquid, and solid monohydrate in order to assess hydrogen bonding and related changes in the OH bond. Infrared spectra were measured with prism spectrometers, using purified anhydrous acid and prepared hy…
This paper investigates periodic undamped current self-oscillations in nonpassivating electrolytic systems with a falling polarization characteristic, testing whether the theory previously developed for mercury electrodes also applies to solid electrodes. The authors replace surface tangential renew…
This study uses infrared and electronic spectroscopy to examine the interaction of thiophane and thiophene with tin tetrachloride, comparing the nature of the complexes inferred previously from dielectrometric measurements. Shifts in the C,S vibration of thiophane indicate donor, acceptor coordinati…
The study examines the reaction of p-dimethylaminophenylmercury hydroxide with aminoazo compounds of the benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene series, addressing the absence of reported mercury derivatives of p-aminoazo compounds in which mercury is not bound to the aromatic nucleus. A series of crys…
This study examines the synthesis and physicochemical properties of reduced hydrated molybdenum oxide compounds, often described as molybdenum blues, over compositions ranging from molybdenum trioxide toward molybdenum dioxide. Preparations obtained by chemical reduction, oxidation, solution mixing,…
This study examines the dependence of the crystallization rate of high-sulfate calcium hydrosulfoaluminate on supersaturation in unseeded solutions and estimates its free surface energy at the crystal, solution boundary. Two experimental series varied either calcium hydroxide or aluminum sulfate con…
This study examines the formation and identification of positive radical ions of anthracene, perylene, and tetracene produced by vacuum adsorption of their vapors on oxide adsorbents, chiefly alumina silica gel. Diffuse reflection absorption spectra and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were c…
This study examines whether anodic activation of previously passivated iron, known in alkaline media, also occurs in acid solutions and what this implies for the mechanism of passivation. Using electrolytic iron electrodes in sulfuric and perchloric acids, the authors recorded potentiostatic polariz…
This paper proposes an open-system kinetic method for determining the rates of formation and consumption of intermediate products in complex chain reactions, where radical concentrations are not directly known. The authors derive relations for stationary concentrations when a known amount of an inte…
This paper examines how solvent nature affects the viscosity and activation heat of viscous flow in concentrated polymer solutions over a broad concentration range. Viscosities of polyisobutylene and polystyrene solutions in several solvents were measured at low shear rates and at 20, 35, and 50 deg…
The study examines how solvent properties influence the thermal rearrangement of 1,1′-, 1,2′-, and 2,2′-hydrazonaphthalenes, with primary attention to the complex behavior of 1,1′-hydrazonaphthalene. Rearrangements were carried out in solvents of differing polarity and dielectric character, and the …
The paper reports the synthesis and electron paramagnetic resonance study of the stable free radical alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-pentaphenylcyclopentadienylhydrazyl in solution and in the crystalline state. EPR spectra in several solvents show seven main hyperfine components attributed to coupling wit…
This study addresses discrepancies in reported heats of vaporization for boron oxide, attributed in part to experimental difficulties such as dehydration and vapor composition control. The authors refine the value using evaporation from a molybdenum effusion cell combined with mass spectrometric det…
The study examines how one ferrocenyl nucleus affects the oxidation-reduction properties of another when two ferrocenyl groups are connected directly or through linkers such as mercury, methylene, ethylene, ether, and ammonium-containing groups. Formal redox potentials were determined by potentiomet…
This paper investigates the vapor-phase oxidative dehydrogenation of industrial n-butylene fractions to divinyl over mixed oxide catalysts containing metals of groups V and VI on supports. Experiments in a flow reactor at atmospheric pressure examined the effects of temperature, space velocity, oxyg…
The study examines the copolymerization of butadiene with isoprene under anionic conditions using complexes of n-butyllithium with triethylamine or tetrahydrofuran. Polymerizations were conducted at low conversion under argon, and copolymer composition was determined using carbon-14 labeled butadien…
This paper examines the valence state and magnetic behavior of uranium in U2O5, addressing whether the oxide should be regarded as a pentavalent uranium compound or as a mixed UO2·UO3 compound containing tetravalent and hexavalent uranium. Magnetic susceptibilities of two U2O5 preparations, along wi…
The study examines the synthesis of bridged organosilicon monomers by adding dichlorosilane to vinyl- and allylsilanes in the presence of chloroplatinic acid, a route relevant to polymers containing alternating siloxane and carbon-carbon linkages. A series of reactions was carried out in an autoclav…
This paper examines the reactivity of trifluoronitrosomethane and related polyfluorinated unsaturated compounds toward a range of unsaturated substrates beyond polyfluoroolefins. Through autoclave and low-temperature reactions with olefins, acetylenes, ketenes, azodicarboxylic esters, diazo compound…
This paper develops a general theoretical description of how metal surface microgeometry changes during anodic dissolution under a near-anode layer or surface film whose effective thickness exceeds the scale of the microrelief. Using Faraday’s law and series expansions of the dissolution current den…
This paper examines whether differences previously observed between mercury and solid metal electrodes arise from the solid state itself or from the individual properties of particular metals. Differential capacitance was measured as a function of potential for liquid and solid gallium, and for liqu…
This paper examines the mechanism of structure formation in hydrocarbon suspensions of carbon black as model systems for understanding active rubber fillers. Using electrical conductivity measurements, current-voltage curves, and observations of thixotropic structural-mechanical behavior, the author…
This study quantitatively examines the universal fluorescence spectra of several polymers using an ISP-73 spectrosensitometer, extending earlier qualitative observations on the relation between spectral structure and molecular weight. The measurements show that fluorescence depends on chemical struc…
This study examines the binding and sorption of water vapor in low temperature calcium hydrosilicates with CaO to SiO2 ratios from 0.1 to 1.0, a point left unclear in earlier work on the CaO, SiO2, H2O system. Samples prepared by reacting silica gel with calcium hydroxide were characterized by water…
This paper develops a diffusion model for extraction of substances from porous materials during capillary impregnation, focusing on pores whose walls carry a thin soluble or adsorbed layer and whose remaining volume initially contains gas. By treating transport in a moving coordinate system attached…
The paper addresses the difficulty of preparing beta-substituted and 2,3-disubstituted furans by direct substitution when an alpha position remains available. It proposes a route from 2-substituted furans through bicyclic condensed intermediates containing a removable sulfur bridge between the secon…
The study examines immobilized water in hydrophilic disperse systems, especially peat humic colloids, under the influence of structure-forming calcium and sodium additives. Using radioactive indicators, including labeled sulfate and calcium chloride, the authors distinguish nonsolvent water into phy…
This paper examines how the structure of organic catalysts influences polarographic catalytic hydrogen waves at a dropping mercury electrode, focusing on pyridine, picolines, and alpha,alpha-prime-lutidine. Using reversible bulk catalytic waves and varying buffer capacity at constant pH, it relates …
This study examines the crystal structures of the paramagnetic nickel ethylenediamine compounds Nien2Cl2 and Nien2Br2, which had been expected by analogy to form monomeric trans octahedral complexes. X-ray diffraction analysis using interatomic function and electron density projections shows that th…
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of unsaturated alpha-alkylallyl and alpha-alkylcrotonyl esters of arsenious acid, prepared by reacting arsenic trichloride with secondary unsaturated alcohols in the presence of pyridine. The authors describe the resulting compounds as colorless,…
The study examines the liquid-phase reactivity of saturated hydrocarbons toward free methyl radicals, focusing on hydrogen abstraction from cyclohexane, heptane, cis- and trans-decalin, and related systems. Relative rate constants were measured by comparing methane formation from hydrocarbons with t…
The study examines the reaction of benzoyl peroxide with triethylalkoxytin compounds under mild conditions, contrasting it with the less selective reactions of related tetraethyl and triethyltin derivatives. Experiments with alkoxy groups including methyl, ethyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, and phenyl show …
This study examines the mechanism of cathodic hydrogen evolution on smooth lead by measuring the potential decay after interruption of polarization, with particular attention to whether electrochemically active adsorbed hydrogen contributes measurably to electrode capacitance. Using purified reagent…
This study examines the selectivity and stereospecificity of liquid phase hydrogenation of n-hexynes over a skeletal nickel catalyst, using chromatographically pure hex-1-yne, hex-2-yne, and hex-3-yne under identical conditions. Kinetic measurements and gas liquid chromatography of reaction mixtures…
This study examines the ultraviolet initiated hydrobromination of ethylene and propylene at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Using vacuum deposition of hydrogen bromide and olefin mixtures, pressure measurements, gas chromatography, ferrioxalate dosimetry, thermographic analysis, and EPR observations, …
This study examines differential heats of adsorption of oxygen and water vapor on freshly cleaved, highly dispersed graphite in order to clarify the formation of surface functional groups. Using calorimetry together with volumetric oxygen adsorption and gravimetric water vapor measurements, the auth…
This paper examines the catalytic properties of palladium, platinum, and rhodium boride catalysts in low-temperature liquid-phase hydrogenation. The catalysts were prepared by reducing the corresponding metal chlorides with alkali-metal borohydride, then tested at atmospheric pressure in methanol us…
This paper examines the ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra of aqueous iodine solutions and iodine compounds in order to distinguish spectral bands associated with different iodine species, especially iodine in the positive monovalent state. Using spectrophotometry of potassium hypoiodite, io…
The paper determines the crystal structure of the hydrous magnesium borate lesserite using X-ray diffraction data from Weissenberg photographs and direct sign determination methods combined with Sayre-Zachariasen statistical relations. The monoclinic unit cell is assigned to space group P21/a, and e…
This paper develops a thermodynamic interpretation of the selective sorption of organic ions by ion-exchange resins, addressing why larger and structurally complex organic ions can be sorbed more selectively than small metal ions. It distinguishes energetic and entropic contributions to ion-exchange…
