SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This study examines whether the J-bands observed in aqueous solutions of cyanine dyes arise from polymolecular dye states in the bulk solution or from adsorption at solid surfaces. Absorption spectra of several carbo- and monomethinecyanine dyes were measured in layers of different thickness and in …
This study examines the gamma radiolysis of tetrachloroethylene and hexachlorobutadiene, highly chlorinated unsaturated hydrocarbons known for substantial chemical stability under conventional conditions. Samples were irradiated with cobalt-60 over a range of high doses, and products were characteri…
This paper examines how electrode potential affects the adsorption of organic substances on metals capable of adsorbing hydrogen, a problem relevant to corrosion inhibition and anodic oxidation mechanisms. Using a thermodynamic treatment based on the Gibbs adsorption equation for a hydrogen electrod…
This paper reports the preparation and characterization of a previously undescribed germanium arsenate, motivated by analogy with known germanium phosphate compounds. Reaction of germanium dioxide with concentrated arsenic acid produced a finely crystalline hydrate whose composition, thermal behavio…
This study examines the reactivity of chloral hydrate, as a hydrated aldehyde, toward simple vinyl ethers and explores the synthesis of new chloral and acetaldehyde mixed acetal derivatives. The authors show that chloral hydrate adds readily to vinyl ether double bonds through one or both hydroxyl g…
This study examines phase relations in the uranium oxide system between uranium dioxide and uranium trioxide, focusing on the uranium dioxide to triuranium octoxide region. Using high-temperature X-ray diffraction on samples of controlled composition, the authors determine lattice parameters, homoge…
This study examines how sparingly soluble oxalates and carbonates interact with complexones, especially EDTA and 1,2-diaminocyclohexanetetraacetic acid, and questions calculations that assume only simple metal complex formation. Solubility measurements and recalculation of published data are used to…
This study examines oxygen adsorption on smooth platinum in sulfuric acid under conditions intended to exclude preadsorbed hydrogen, using a vacuum electrochemical method with thoroughly degassed electrodes and electrolyte. Anodic charging curves at low current density reveal three distinct potentia…
This paper develops a generalized treatment of nonstationary evaporation from a liquid drop covered by a monolayer of a foreign substance, correcting an earlier boundary condition used for the transient problem. The authors formulate mass balance for a vapor adsorption layer, relate molecular transf…
This study examines the mechanism of gamma radiation induced polymerization and copolymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate in the presence of solid additives, especially magnesium oxide. Using copolymer composition and reactivity ratios at 0 and minus 50 degrees Celsius, the authors c…
This paper examines reactions of esters of mercurated acetic acid with trialkyliodosilanes as an example of dual reactivity in organometallic compounds. The authors show that solvent and conditions determine whether the reaction gives alpha-trialkylsiloxyvinyl alkyl ethers, corresponding to reaction…
This paper reports the synthesis of 3,4-benzosilacyclopentanes, silicon-containing analogs of indane, as a continuation of work on benzosilacycloalkanes. The key intermediate, 3,4-benzo-1,1-dichlorosilacyclopentane, was obtained by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts-type cyclization of chloromethylbenzyl…
This paper proposes a gamma activation method for determining fluorine and chlorine directly in polymers, addressing difficulties posed by chemically stable halogen-containing materials in decomposition-based analysis. Samples and standards were irradiated with betatron bremsstrahlung at 18 MeV to i…
This study examines how supramolecular structure affects the pyrolysis of polyvinyl alcohol films, using polarization infrared spectroscopy on unoriented and threefold stretched films heated in air at 150 degrees Celsius. The authors show that pyrolysis proceeds through dehydration with formation of…
This study examines the valence-band energy structure of ytterbium oxide and ytterbium hexaboride using the fine structure of the ytterbium LIII x-ray absorption edge and the final L beta 5 emission band. Spectra were recorded with a focusing x-ray spectrograph and corrected for self-absorption, ins…
This study examines whether oxidized carbon, understood as a polyfunctional cation exchanger with acidic surface sites and hydrogen ions in the outer layer of its electrical double layer, can catalyze acid-type reactions in solution. Using sucrose inversion as a model reaction, the authors compare o…
This paper examines how substituents adjacent to a methylene bridge mutually influence multiple bonds, with emphasis on nitriles, allyl compounds, and ketones of the type X-CH2-Pi. Using vibrational, Raman, ultraviolet, and basicity data, the authors compare substituent effects transmitted through m…
This study examines the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of newly prepared stable hydrazyl free radicals derived from alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl with substituents in the meta position of the picryl group. Measurements on benzene solutions and evacuated microcrystalline samples w…
This study examines the gas phase reaction of oxygen atoms with methanol and its role in the ignition and combustion mechanism of carbon monoxide and oxygen mixtures containing small methanol additions. Lower ignition limits were measured, and rarefied flames were investigated by EPR spectroscopy, i…
This study examines the mechanism of isotopic exchange between para-substituted benzylmercury bromides and radiolabeled mercuric bromide in dimethyl sulfoxide at 70 °C, with particular attention to the effects of potassium bromide and ring substituents. Kinetic measurements show that exchange in dim…
The study determines thermodynamic properties of indium arsenide, including the isobaric isothermal potential, entropy, and enthalpy of formation, using electromotive force measurements. Cells with liquid indium, chloride melts containing indium monochloride, and solid InAs plus arsenic electrodes w…
This paper examines the synthesis of N-ethyleniminosilanes, organosilicon compounds containing a silicon, nitrogen bond and a strained ethylenimine ring, by catalytic dehydrocondensation of hydrosilanes with ethylenimine. Using alkali metal catalysts, especially lithium, the authors show that ethyle…
This study reexamines the interaction of aluminum chloride and ferric chloride, previously reported to form a continuous series of solid solutions. Using thermographic, X-ray phase, and mass-spectrometric analyses on purified, vacuum-melted samples, the authors find liquidus curves consistent with e…
Radiation polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in the crystalline state was examined with emphasis on temperature-dependent kinetics, radical decay, thermoluminescence, and X-ray structural behavior. The study finds an additional maximum or inflection in the polymerization rate near minus 160 to mi…
This study examines the origin of fine structure in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of chromium oxide doped with lithium ions, motivated by earlier observations of complex spectra in chromium oxide systems containing monovalent ions. Samples produced by reacting chromium trioxide with li…
This study examines how monomer, solvent polarity, and alkali metal counterion affect active centers in anionic and anionic coordination polymerization initiated by potassium organic compounds. Polymerization kinetics and polymer molecular weights were measured for styrene, butadiene, isoprene, and …
A theoretical method is developed for calculating the electromotive force of galvanic cells with molten salt electrolytes, using the beryllium, beryllium chloride in molten potassium chloride, chlorine cell as an example. The calculation expresses cell potentials through Gibbs energies and estimates…
This study compares proton and deuteron magnetic relaxation in aqueous chromium(III) nitrate solutions to test whether the anomalous temperature dependence of proton relaxation is governed by hydrogen exchange in the first hydration shell. Longitudinal and transverse relaxation times were measured b…
This study examines the high-temperature synthesis of normal tungstates of yttrium, lanthanum, and the lanthanoids, compounds previously little characterized beyond a few cerium-group examples. Rare-earth oxides or carbonates were reacted with tungsten trioxide over controlled temperature ranges, an…
This paper develops a thermodynamic approach for estimating the concentration dependence of component activities in simple binary oxide solid solutions of the MeO type. Starting from a regular-solution expression for the free energy of mixing, the authors derive activity formulas containing a single…
This study examines photocatalytic oxidation of adsorbed organic molecules on ZnO, TiO2, gamma-Al2O3, and SiO2 using infrared absorption spectra of surface species and, where possible, gas-phase products. Isopropanol, methanol, heptane, and methane were irradiated with near-ultraviolet light in oxyg…
A method is described for synthesizing 1,2,3-triazoles bearing electron-acceptor substituents through the reaction of activated acetylenes with sodium azide in dimethylformamide, avoiding the use of explosive hydrazoic acid. Ethynyl ketones, phenylpropiolic acid nitrile, and its ester reacted readil…
This study examines the radiolysis of ammonia adsorbed on 4A zeolite under gamma irradiation at liquid nitrogen temperature, using electron paramagnetic resonance to identify radicals and follow their dependence on surface coverage. The spectra show that irradiation produces adsorbed NH2 radicals, w…
This study examines the tautomerism of tetrahydrofurfuryl bromide and its behavior under Grignard synthesis conditions. Spectroscopic evidence, especially a weak infrared absorption band at 1715 cm-1, indicates that the compound exists in equilibrium between a predominant cyclic form and a linear ca…
This study examines the synthesis and characterization of new complex compounds of tetravalent palladium, whose known chemistry was limited by difficult preparation and instability in solution. Tetramminepalladium(IV) chloride, [Pd(NH3)4Cl2]Cl2, was prepared by chlorination of solid [Pd(NH3)4]Cl2 in…
This study examines the preparation and reactions of new monocyclopentadienyl titanium phenyl derivatives, focusing on chlorine replacement in cyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride. Reactions with diphenylmercury and especially phenyllithium indicate formation of cyclopentadienyltriphenyltitanium, a …
This paper investigates whether liquids adsorbed on newly formed solid surfaces undergo mechano-chemical dissociation during fine grinding. Pre-calcined powders of quartz, graphite, calcite, and corundum were ground with water or organic liquids, then evacuated and heated to measure gases released, …
The study examines how additive cations influence selective etching and etch pit formation on KBr and NaCl crystals in an isopropyl alcohol and water base. Experiments with PbBr2, CuCl2, BaBr2, and oleic acid show that pit orientation and shape depend on the balance between dissolution, associated w…
This study examines rare-earth element oxides as catalysts for several organic syntheses, including ketone formation from acids, esterification, and cyclohexanol dehydration. Using an automated flow apparatus, oxides of neodymium, erbium, praseodymium, lanthanum, cerium, and related elements were de…
This paper investigates the mutual influence of terminal Si, O bonds and bridging Si, O, Si bonds in model disiloxane compounds of the type XO(CH3)2SiOSi(CH3)2OX, where X is H, Li, Na, or K. Infrared spectra are analyzed with the aid of a simplified five atom vibrational model to interpret shifts in…
The study examines the reaction of sodium diethylphosphite with 1,2-dibromocyclohexane and 1,2-dibromoethane, focusing on the phosphorus-containing products formed alongside cyclohexene or ethylene. The authors isolate and characterize product fractions by distillation, analytical constants, infrare…
This paper examines low-temperature polymerization of vinyl chloride initiated by reactions between organometallic compounds, especially aluminum alkyls, and halogens. Experiments with chlorine introduced into liquid vinyl chloride containing triethylaluminum showed immediate formation of polyvinyl …
This study examines the direct interaction of anhydrous hydrazine vapors with solid layers of porphin dyes and related pigments using ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy under vacuum and vapor exposure. Comparing spectral changes for protoporphyrin, hematoporphyrin, hemin, hematin, chlor…
This paper applies the thermodynamics of irreversible processes to electrokinetic phenomena in electrolytes, with particular attention to diffusion effects in electroosmosis, electrophoresis, capillary osmosis, and diffusiophoresis. Starting from entropy production for isothermal electrolyte flow th…
This study examines the light-induced decomposition of ferrocene derivatives, extending earlier observations of iron-carbon bond cleavage in positively substituted ferrocenyl compounds. The authors synthesize and characterize alpha-quinolylferrocene, its methyl iodide salt, and related products, the…
This paper reconsiders the crystallographic symmetry assigned to benzene and related cyclic compounds of formula C2nH2n. Starting from Hückel’s assumptions about regular planar carbon and hydrogen polygons and equivalent atoms, it argues that the unpaired pi-electrons may be arranged alternately abo…
Formal oxidation reduction potentials were determined for a series of heteroannular disubstituted ferrocenes under conditions previously used for monosubstituted analogues, in order to assess how substituents in different cyclopentadienyl rings affect oxidation at the iron center. The measured poten…
This paper develops a theoretical treatment of the electrodissolution of thin films of sparingly soluble compounds formed on an indifferent electrode by products of an electrode reaction and a solution component. Assuming rapid chemical equilibration and negligible diffusion of the solid phase, the …
This study reexamines the formation of dialkyl peroxides during low-temperature radiation oxidation of hydrocarbons, using isooctane and n-heptane as model systems. By combining polarographic determination of hydroperoxides with iodometric measurement of total peroxide compounds, and by measuring al…
This paper develops a model for the combustion of liquid or melting nonvolatile explosives in which decomposition in the condensed phase produces gas bubbles, causing foaming, volume expansion, and subsequent aerosol dispersion. Using assumptions on ideal-gas behavior in the foam, effective thermal …
