SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper reports the preparation and characterization of a new crystalline modification of yttrium orthosilicate with composition Y4Si3O12, obtained as single crystals from a potassium fluoride melt. Goniometric, chemical, optical, thermal, hardness, and X-ray diffraction studies show that this fo…
This paper reports the synthesis of phosphinic derivatives of alpha-amino acids and peptide analogs motivated by the biological activity of organophosphorus compounds and the potential significance of phosphinic amino acid analogs. Using the mixed anhydride method, carbobenzoxy-protected glycine, al…
This paper investigates the structure of aromatic carbonium ions formed as sigma complexes of aromatic hydrocarbons with hydrogen bromide and aluminum bromide, using low-temperature infrared spectroscopy. Spectra of complexes of benzene, toluene, mesitylene, hexamethylbenzene, and related hydrocarbo…
This paper analyzes adsorption of binary vapor mixtures on solid adsorbents as a means of relating sorption behavior to pore structure. Using curves that plot adsorption of the more strongly adsorbed component against that of the less strongly adsorbed component at constant vapor composition, the au…
This study examines how thermal vulcanization affects supramolecular ordering and crystallization in chloroprene rubbers, using nairit A and neoprene AC films observed by electron microscopy. Films were vulcanized at 153 degrees in air or vacuum for varying times, and network density was estimated b…
This study examines the structures of phosphacyclopentene derivatives obtained from isoprene, where asymmetric substitution in the ring permits several possible positions of the double bond. Proton NMR spectra and phosphorus decoupling by double nuclear resonance were used to identify ethylenic and …
This study examines the radiolysis of glucosamine in oxygen-free aqueous solution under cobalt-60 gamma irradiation, motivated by the biological importance of amino sugars and the lack of prior radiation-chemical data for this class. The authors develop a paper-chromatographic micromethod, combined …
This study examines gas-phase oxidation of unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, and methallyl chloride, over copper catalysts supported on silica, including modified catalysts with heavy-metal oxide or salt additives. Using flow experiments under kinetic conditions with short contact times, the au…
This paper examines the catalytic behavior of diethylbuten-1-yl-1-aluminum in the polymerization of olefinic and vinyl monomers, with attention to its intermediate properties between trialkylaluminum compounds and their halogen or oxy derivatives. Experiments with ethylene, propylene, styrene, vinyl…
The study examines the kinetics of hydrochloric acidolysis of symmetrical aromatic, aliphatic, and unsaturated organomercury compounds in 90% aqueous dioxane, with reaction rates measured acidimetrically and compared with isolated products. All investigated reactions were second order, and substitue…
This study reexamines how temperature affects the structural orientation of Diels Alder condensation of isoprene with acrylic type dienophiles, focusing on the formation of para and meta adducts. Equimolar reactants in benzene were heated at several temperatures, and the isomeric composition of prod…
This paper examines how the concentration dependence of thermodynamic functions can be estimated for ferrite solid solutions with spinel structure, using the copper ferrite and magnetite system as the main example. It derives configurational expressions for entropy and internal energy of mixing base…
Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to examine radicals formed by irradiation of frozen aqueous sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate solutions in acidic, neutral, and alkaline media. By comparing spectra during warming and varying alkali and solute concentrations, the study assigns observed signal…
A preparative method is described for alkylating trichlorogermane to obtain alkyldichlorogermanes, compounds previously difficult to access by known routes and not obtainable from trichlorogermane with Grignard or organolithium reagents. The study examines reactions of trichlorogermane, especially i…
This paper examines how incorporation of radioactive sulfur 35 affects the catalytic properties of tungsten disulfide, a semiconductor catalyst, in the vapor phase dehydration of n-decyl alcohol. Nonradioactive and radioactive tungsten disulfide samples were synthesized from tungsten and sulfur, cha…
This paper examines the use of polarographic maxima for determining the molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol. The authors measure suppression of the second-kind polarographic maximum on the copper wave in potassium chloride solution for fractions of polyvinyl alcohol with different molecular weight…
This study uses infrared absorption spectroscopy to examine surface compounds formed when ethanol is adsorbed on gamma alumina at different temperatures. The spectra indicate physically adsorbed ethanol at low temperature, two types of surface ethoxy groups formed through reaction with surface hydro…
This study examines whether divalent silicon chloride, dichlorosilylene, is formed as an intermediate in the reaction of silicon with cuprous chloride at temperatures relevant to organochlorosilane synthesis. Using a modified MI-1305 mass spectrometer, the authors compared spectra of silicon tetrach…
This study examines the chemical properties and reactivity of ferrocenyl diazonium species generated by acidolysis of benzenediazoaminoferrocene, with emphasis on azo coupling, triazene formation, and reactions with active methylene compounds. Low-temperature reactions with phenol, dimethylaniline, …
This paper examines whether the alternation tendency in styrene and 2-vinylpyridine copolymerization can be regulated by changing the polarity of the 2-vinylpyridine double bond through hydrogen bonding with proton donor additives. The authors argue that additives of different acidity form complexes…
This study examines the origin of positive birefringence in polypropylene spherulites, where molecular chains are oriented nearly perpendicular to the radial fibrils. The authors interpret the observed optical behavior as a combination of negative intrinsic birefringence of polymer chains and form b…
The study examines the stereochemistry of peracetic acid oxidation of geometric isomers of 13-methyl-7-acetoxy-dodecahydrophenanthrene-1,2-dicarboxylic acids, their diesters, and corresponding anhydrides. Oxidation experiments and subsequent transformations, including saponification to lactone acids…
The study examines the electrochemical recharging of hexachloroiridate complexes, IrCl6 2− and IrCl6 3−, in 1 M hydrochloric acid on a platinum electrode. Using galvanostatic transition-time curves, the authors analyze cathodic and anodic processes, determine diffusion coefficients, and assess wheth…
The paper reports synthetic studies aimed at developing rational routes to 5a,6-anhydrotetracyclines, intermediates relevant to the preparation of natural tetracyclines. Starting from substituted ketols, the authors prepare unsaturated ketones, introduce carbon chains by Michael condensation with ma…
The study examines the unexpected reaction of tropylium bromide with tert-butyl alcohol, a tertiary alcohol that was initially expected not to undergo hydride-transfer reactions analogous to those observed with primary and secondary alcohols. Experiments in aqueous and anhydrous tert-butyl alcohol, …
This study investigates active chain centers in the cold-flame oxidation of carbon disulfide by molecular oxygen, focusing on the possible formation of atomic oxygen. Using electron paramagnetic resonance in a jet vacuum apparatus, the authors recorded spectra attributed to oxygen atoms under flame …
This study examines the carbonium copolymerization of dimethacrylate-bis-triethylene glycol phthalate with styrene in ethyl chloride at 0°C using titanium tetrachloride as catalyst. Copolymer compositions determined by infrared spectroscopy show enrichment in the unsaturated polyester relative to th…
This study examines whether hydroxyl ions can act not only in acid, base chemistry but also as electron donors toward strong organic electron acceptors. Using electron paramagnetic resonance, potentiometric measurements, and hydrogen peroxide detection, the authors investigated reactions of hydroxid…
This paper investigates the long-lived afterglow of aqueous protein and synthetic polymer solutions following X-ray irradiation, motivated by earlier observations of related luminescence after ultraviolet and gamma irradiation. Using a flow-through apparatus with photomultiplier detection, the autho…
This study examines whether quaternary pyrazolinium salts substituted at position 3 can undergo Hofmann cleavage of the pyrazoline ring at a carbon-nitrogen bond, rather than the previously observed nitrogen-nitrogen cleavage leading to aminonitriles. Iodomethylates and iodoethylates of 1,3-dimethyl…
This paper examines conditions under which the free energy of a chemical process can be converted directly into surface energy, producing a change in interfacial area or surface tension. Using the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and Onsager relations, the authors derive a relation between t…
This paper examines the thermal stability and decomposition behavior of ferrocene vapor under static isothermal conditions between 400 and 470 degrees Celsius. The authors measure decomposition kinetics, pressure changes, gaseous products, and solid residues in sealed ampoules, and compare the effec…
The study examines the mechanism by which aryl-substituted silacyclopentanes form from organodichlorosilanes, styrenes, and lithium, focusing on whether biradical or biionic intermediates are involved. By reducing styrene to an equimolar amount and using tetrahydrofuran diluted with inert hydrocarbo…
This study examines vapor phase catalytic hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of beta-furylpropionic and beta-furylacrylic acids over platinized carbon, with attention to how temperature and hydrogen availability affect opening of the furan ring and subsequent transformations. Experiments at 250 to 300…
This study compares the adsorption activity of a homologous series of fatty acids at solution, air and solution, mercury interfaces, with particular attention to the applicability of Traube’s rule. Adsorption on mercury was examined from electrocapillary curves measured with a Gouy electrometer, whi…
This paper examines the dissolution of iron, chromium, and iron-chromium alloys in sulfuric acid, with emphasis on deviations from conventional electrochemical kinetics. Using polarization measurements, potentiostatic dissolution-rate determinations, and hydrogen-evolution measurements at different …
This paper reports the synthesis of aryl-substituted azetidinethiones-2 as sulfur analogues of aryl-substituted azetidinones-2, motivated by possible changes in chemical reactivity and biological activity after replacement of oxygen by sulfur. The authors treated several phenyl-substituted beta-lact…
A method is described for preparing optically active aspartic acid through the addition of optically active alpha-phenylethylamine to maleic acid, followed by conversion of the resulting salts to N-phenylethylaminosuccinic acids and catalytic hydrogenation. The reaction gives separable crystalline f…
Electrocapillary behavior of liquid gallium was investigated using a reduced Gouy capillary electrometer with high-purity metal, with measurements in acidic, neutral, and alkaline electrolyte solutions chosen to avoid oxide-film formation and hydrogen evolution. The resulting electrocapillary curves…
This study examines how small additions of water affect butadiene polymerization in benzene using a cobalt chloride pyridine complex with diisobutylaluminum chloride. Using carefully dried, oxygen-free apparatus and dilatometric kinetic measurements, the authors varied initial water and cobalt conce…
This study examines how the adsorption of cesium and sulfate ions on platinum depends on electrode potential, with emphasis on the structure of the electrical double layer and behavior at high anodic potentials. Using radiolabeled sulfuric acid and cesium sulfate solutions, the authors measured ion …
This study examines the conditions under which the primary oxide film on aluminum is destroyed during oxidation in neutral potassium chloride solutions. Electrode potentials of aluminum were measured over time at 20, 25, 28, and 30 °C across concentrations from 0.001 N to near saturation, and the re…
This study determines the gas-phase molecular structure of alpha-pinene oxide by electron diffraction, following earlier proton magnetic resonance evidence for a specific conformation. Electron-diffraction patterns of the vapor were recorded at two nozzle-to-plate distances and two accelerating volt…
This study examines the electrical conductivity of molten binary nitrite-nitrate systems with common alkali-metal cations, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs, in order to assess their behavior as near-ideal ionic liquids and to test the applicability of Frenkel’s conductivity formula. Conductivity measurements f…
This paper reports a stage in a systematic investigation of rare earth silicates, focusing on the synthesis and characterization of new europium silicates and the growth of single crystals of several rare earth silicate compounds. Using phase diagram studies, coprecipitated stoichiometric mixtures, …
This study examines hydrogen-migration isomerization of the n-propyl radical in liquid-phase peroxide decompositions, using isotopic labels to detect small amounts of rearranged product. Butyryl peroxides labeled with deuterium or tritium in the alpha position were decomposed in carbon tetrachloride…
This study examines anomalous reactions of acid esters with lithium alkyls, focusing on the proposed role of beta-keto esters as intermediates in ketone formation. By replacing ether or tetrahydrofuran with n-hexane to slow the reaction and reduce competing alkoxide-mediated condensation, the author…
New ruthenium(III) and iridium(III) phthalocyanine complexes were prepared by refluxing phthalonitrile with the corresponding chlorides and purified by extraction and reprecipitation from sulfuric acid. The study determines their compositions, solubility and acid base behavior in concentrated sulfur…
The paper proposes a planar graphical method for representing liquid-liquid equilibrium isotherms in four-component systems, as an alternative to spatial tetrahedral diagrams. The method unfolds the tetrahedron into a quadrilateral with two triangular projections, decomposing each quaternary composi…
