SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
Infrared absorption spectra of undeuterated and deuterated thiourea dioxide in the crystalline state were examined to clarify the bonding and molecular structure of the compound, in view of differing structural formulas proposed from chemical and X-ray data. Comparison of the spectra from about 400 …
The study examines whether reactions between diorganotin dihalides and diorganotin dialkoxides proceed by group rearrangement to mixed alkoxyhalides or by formation of donor acceptor complexes. Using cryoscopic, dielectrometric, and calorimetric titration, together with isolation of products, dipole…
New trimethylalkyl, phenyl, and chloro derivatives of 1-oxa-2,6-disilacyclohexane were synthesized by alkaline hydrolysis of corresponding bis-(alkylchlorosilyl)propanes, which were prepared through Grignard substitution and platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation routes. A related bicyclic siloxane was …
This study examines the thermal dehydration of palygorskite and the bonding mechanisms of its two forms of bound water, zeolitic water and water coordinated to octahedral cations. Infrared spectra of several cation-substituted forms were recorded during heating and evacuation, with detailed analysis…
Heats of wetting of aluminum oxide by solutions of 1-methylcyclohexene-1 and 1-methylcyclohexene-3 in n-heptane were measured calorimetrically at 20°C over the concentration range, and results were compared with prior adsorption and wetting data for cyclohexene. The nearly coincident wetting isother…
This paper examines the copolymerization of vinyl chloride with ethylene and propylene using modified Ziegler catalyst systems based on titanium tetrachloride and alkoxy organoaluminum compounds. The authors compare catalyst compositions, concentrations, reaction times, and monomer ratios, showing t…
This paper reports the preparation and characterization of salts and neutral esters of O,O-diphenylselenothiophosphoric acid, a class for which acid ester salts and thiol-structure neutral esters had not previously been described. The authors synthesized the potassium salt from O,O-diphenylchlorosel…
This study examines whether oriented polymer substrates can direct gas phase radiation polymerization to produce a readily crystallizing graft polymer in an oriented state. Vinylidene chloride was polymerized from the vapor phase onto uniaxially stretched polyethylene films, and the resulting polyvi…
This study examines the reaction of triethyl phosphite with hydrogen sulfide, a transformation for which prior data were lacking, and tests whether it proceeds through an Arbuzov-type pathway. Experiments with purified triethyl phosphite showed no reaction in the absence of bases, whereas traces or …
This paper examines the reactions of isolated and industrial lignins with aromatic diazo compounds in alkaline media, treating lignin as a polyhydric phenolic polymer capable of diazo coupling. Experiments with diazotized sulfanilic acid, anthranilic acid, p-nitroaniline, α-naphthylamine, and relate…
Infrared spectra from 400 to 4000 cm−1 were measured for a series of mono- and dicyclopentadienyl titanium derivatives containing chloro, alkoxy, and carboxylate ligands, including compounds with alkyl-substituted cyclopentadienyl rings. The study relates shifts in ring C-H deformation bands and met…
This study examines reversible proton phototransfer in hydrogen-bonded two-component layers of organic compounds deposited by joint vacuum sublimation and cooled to low temperatures. Using fluorescence spectra as indicators of protonation state, the authors compare acridine derivatives with oxalic a…
This study examines whether radical formation in frozen solutions of triphenylmethane and amino-substituted triphenylmethane compounds proceeds through a two-quantum photochemical mechanism involving excited triplet states. Using low-temperature irradiation experiments in separate and simultaneous s…
The study examines the reaction of triethylgermane with primary and selected secondary vinylacetylene carbinols in the presence of Speier catalyst, extending earlier work on tertiary analogues. Under similar conditions, these substrates react in two directions, giving both diene germanium-containing…
This study examines Fischer-Tropsch synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen over talc-supported iron catalysts containing unusually low iron concentrations, from 0.1 to 10 wt. %. Because the reaction gives a multicomponent product mixture and lacks a simple kinetic equation, the authors estimate…
Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study liquid and frozen acid solutions containing pentavalent chromium oxychloride, oxyfluoride, and oxosulfate complexes at temperatures from 295 to 77 K. The spectra are interpreted with isotropic and axial spin Hamiltonians, giving characteristic g valu…
This study examines sparingly soluble titanium compounds as mineral ion exchangers with potential advantages over organic resins in thermal and radiation stability. The authors synthesized several titanyl phosphates, hydroarsenate, chromate, molybdate and tungstate adsorption compounds, metatitanic …
This paper develops an analytical treatment of nonstationary convective diffusion to a rotating disk electrode, addressing limitations of earlier successive approximation and diffusion layer approaches for following the approach to steady state. Starting from the transport equation with Levich’s nea…
This paper examines the use of positronium annihilation measurements to determine rate constants for very fast reactions of positronium with inorganic ions in aqueous solution. Positronium lifetimes were measured by delayed gamma coincidence methods for solutions containing ions of differing valence…
This study reexamines reactions previously assigned to alkylidene-bis-ethyleneimine formation from ethyleneimine and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Using NMR, mass, and IR spectroscopy, the authors show that the products from acetylacetone and acetoacetic ester are instead beta-aminoethylethyleneimine de…
This paper examines how ionogenic groups influence conformational transformations of gelatin molecules in solution, focusing on the dependence of optical rotation on pH, ionic strength, temperature, and renaturation time. Using dilute purified gelatin solutions, the authors measured specific optical…
This study examines homomolecular oxygen isotope exchange on gamma alumina and its relation to isotopic exchange between molecular oxygen and oxide oxygen. Using a static circulating method with mass spectrometric analysis, the authors measured exchange rates after different thermal evacuation and o…
The study examines the homogeneous palladium-catalyzed reduction of several quinones by carbon monoxide in aqueous dioxane, focusing on how quinone structure, oxidation-reduction potential, acid concentration, chloride complexation, and solvent composition affect reaction kinetics. Using H2PdCl4 as …
This paper reports the synthesis of bis-(triethylgermyl)-cadmium as a new bimetallic organogermanium compound, obtained by reacting triethylgermane with diethylcadmium under mild heating with liberation of ethane. Its proposed structure is supported by thermal decomposition to cadmium and hexaethyld…
This study examines the formation and properties of 1,1-dichloro- and 1,1-dimethyl-1-germanacyclopentene-3 obtained from trichlorogermane and divinyl, with attention to accompanying dimeric and polymeric organogermanium products. The authors characterize the monomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric comp…
The study examines the mutual influence of the cyclopentadiene and cyclopropane rings in spiro-(2,4)-heptadiene-1,3, with spiro-(4,4)-nonadiene-1,3 used as a comparison compound lacking a three-membered ring capable of similar interaction. Raman and infrared spectra were used to confirm the proposed…
This paper examines how aryl substituents and amine structure affect nucleophilic substitution at boron in reactions of diarylboron chlorides with ammonia and primary amines. Experiments with di-o-tolylboron chloride and di-p-tolylboron chloride show that the ortho-tolyl compound gives aminodiarylbo…
This study examines the coprecipitation of trace thallium(I), labeled with Tl-204, with sparingly soluble zinc, cobalt, and cadmium tetrathiocyanatomercurates in order to assess how the outer-sphere cation affects impurity capture by precipitates containing complex anions. Capture isotherms and radi…
This study examines the initial stages of the thermal transformation of polyacrylonitrile and the formation of conjugated structures associated with its emerging semiconducting properties. Polyacrylonitrile films were heat treated under high vacuum and monitored by ultraviolet, visible, and infrared…
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of the isomeric organogermanium olefins 1,1- and 1,2-bis(trimethylgermyl)ethylene, prepared to compare germanium analogues with previously studied silicon compounds showing unusual optical and spectroscopic behavior. The authors obtained the targ…
The study examines the condensation of acid chlorides of ethylene, propylene, and butyleneglycolphosphorous acids with alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones, specifically methyl vinyl ketone and mesityl oxide. The reactions were carried out in sealed tubes with heating, and the products were characterized …
This paper examines how to determine the direction and relative irreversibility of exchange reactions in molten reciprocal salt systems. Using the Gibbs Helmholtz relation, with corrections for heating, melting, crystallization, heat capacities, and polymorphic transformations, the author calculates…
The paper develops an electrochemical description of metal corrosion in molten salts, treating the stationary potential as the condition where the metal ion equilibrium potential equals the redox potential of the adjacent melt. From diffusion conditions, it derives relations connecting stationary po…
This study examines how paramagnetic polymers influence the low-temperature pyrolysis of anthracene and bianthryl at 450 degrees C, with attention to gas evolution, formation of paramagnetic particles, and soluble and insoluble residues. Using sealed-ampoule pyrolysis, mass-spectrometric gas analysi…
This study uses electron paramagnetic resonance to examine radiation-induced lattice defects in calcium, strontium, and barium sulfates containing radioactive sulfur or exposed to cobalt-60 gamma irradiation. Measurements on evacuated powders at room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures, followed by con…
This study uses luminescence measurements to examine the role of impurity silver centers in the photolysis of silver chloride emulsions, particularly whether photosensitivity and fog centers act as traps for electrons or holes. Fine-grained silver chloride emulsions subjected to different second-rip…
A method is reported for synthesizing dihalomethyl organomercury compounds by reacting organomercury halides with methylene chloride or methylene bromide in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide. The study prepares several aryl dichloromethylmercury and dibromomethylmercury derivatives, gives yiel…
This study examines the acid-catalyzed isomerization of d-sabinene, with particular attention to whether terpinolene is formed in addition to the previously reported alpha and gamma terpinene products. d-Sabinene was heated with the cation-exchange resin KU-1 or metatitanic acid, and the resulting m…
This paper examines the reactivity of esters of alpha stannated carboxylic acids with halides of trivalent phosphorus, in comparison with earlier cases where alpha metallated carbonyl compounds showed transfer of the reaction center. The authors show that these reactions proceed predominantly withou…
This paper addresses the structural characterization of active carbons with energetically heterogeneous surfaces, focusing on the limiting adsorption-space volume and constants in the Dubinin-Radushkevich type adsorption equation. It proposes a successive-approximation procedure for determining the …
This paper examines general kinetic problems of high-temperature chemical reactions in plasma jets, with emphasis on rapid quenching by reacting substances and estimation of the effective reactor length. Using an idealized cylindrical reactor model in which a liquid reagent is injected into a hot ga…
This study examines the structure of carbyne and related conjugated polyyne polymers using infrared absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Polyvinylidene chloride was dehydrochlorinated under several conditions to provide a counter-synthesis of polyyne fragments, and the result…
This paper examines the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of hydrazo compounds and challenges kinetic interpretations that attribute second-order acid dependence to obligatory diprotonation or invoke spontaneous rearrangement of monoprotonated species. Using comparative experiments on substituted hydrazo…
This paper examines the mechanism of methane conversion by carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, a strongly endothermic process of interest for synthesis gas production. Using literature data and thermochemical calculations for elementary reactions and radical intermediates, the au…
This study examines the radical polymerization and copolymerization behavior of four previously unstudied alpha,beta,beta-halogen-substituted paradivinylbenzenes, focusing on how difluorochlorovinyl substitution affects reactivity. Using bulk, emulsion, and solution copolymerization with styrene, to…
This study examines reactions of diethylzinc with triethyltin hydride and related group IV organoelement hydrides, comparing their behavior with previously studied diethylmercury reactions. Sealed-ampoule experiments showed that triethyltin hydride gives metallic zinc, ethane, tetraethyltin, and hex…
This study examines how ortho alkyl substituents affect the equilibrium between 2,6-dialkyl-p-quinodiazides and the corresponding oxyphenyldiazonium salts, as a quantitative model for phenol to cyclohexadienone rearrangement tendencies. Using ultraviolet spectrophotometry in aqueous alcoholic hydroc…
This paper investigates the production of methacrylic acid nitrile by oxidative ammonolysis of isobutylene with air oxygen as an alternative to established multistage routes. Laboratory flow reactor experiments with fixed and fluidized catalyst beds examined the effects of temperature, feed molar ra…
This study examines whether reduced forms of chlorophyll and hematoporphyrin can initiate methyl methacrylate polymerization, as a test for radical formation during pigment reduction. Chlorophyll and hematoporphyrin in pyridine were reduced in vacuum and darkness with zinc amalgam, their absorption …
This study examines how electron-donor additives affect the microstructure of polybutadiene formed by stereospecific polymerization of butadiene with cobalt-containing catalytic systems based on a cobalt chloride complex and diisobutylaluminum chloride. Polymerizations were carried out in benzene at…
